US3113891A - Autothermic electrolyte - Google Patents

Autothermic electrolyte Download PDF

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Publication number
US3113891A
US3113891A US35130A US3513060A US3113891A US 3113891 A US3113891 A US 3113891A US 35130 A US35130 A US 35130A US 3513060 A US3513060 A US 3513060A US 3113891 A US3113891 A US 3113891A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
cell
alcohol
silver
lower alkyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US35130A
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English (en)
Inventor
Comanor Milton
Chireau Roland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yardney International Corp
Original Assignee
Yardney International Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL265638D priority Critical patent/NL265638A/xx
Application filed by Yardney International Corp filed Critical Yardney International Corp
Priority to US35130A priority patent/US3113891A/en
Priority to DEY480A priority patent/DE1174382B/de
Priority to CH641861A priority patent/CH397801A/fr
Priority to GB20281/61A priority patent/GB942500A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3113891A publication Critical patent/US3113891A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
    • H01M6/32—Deferred-action cells activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrochemical batteries or accumulators. More particularly, the invention relates to an electrolyte composition and a process for preparing same.
  • Deferred action batteries are very often utilized under conditions wherein they are subjected to low temperatures. At such temperatures, the batteries develop high internal resistances because of polarization at the electrode surfaces and because of the low conductivity of the electrolyte. These high internal resistances are of such magnitude that they interfere with the discharge of the batteries at a rapid rate. In the past this problem was overcome by heating such batteries from an external source or by causing a short circuit in the leads, thereby permitting the heat generated by the internal resistance to warm the battery to minimum operating temperature. However this-practice requires about one hour to bring a battery from 40 C. to operating temperature which is too slow for many of todays power requirements.
  • 'It is, therefore, aprimary object of this invention to provide an electrolyte composition for the cells of de ferred-action electrochemical batteries or accumulators which instantaneously activates such cells even after prolonged storage at low temperatures.
  • an electrolyte composition which reacts exothermally with at least one of the electrodes in an electrode system and which comprises an alkali-metal hydroxide and an additive including a lower-alkyl aldehyde either alone or in combination with a loWer-alkyl alcohol.
  • potassium hydroxide is preferred.
  • lower-alkyl aldehydes and alcohols which can be employed in the practice of this invention there are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol, as well as isomeric forms of these compounds.
  • the specific components can be utilized within a wide range of relative proportions.
  • the concentration of hydroxide is in the range of 20 to 50% by weight.
  • the aldehyde or aldehyde-and-alcohol mixture
  • the advantages afiorded by this invention are not fully realizable outside these limitations even though the effect of the additive is measurable.
  • the aldehyde and alcohol are utilized in a range of 4 to 40% aldehyde and 1 to 10% alcohol, based onthe total weight of the solution.
  • the presence of the alcohol in these proportions afiords good control of temperature as it rises to normal operating levels.
  • the new compositions of this invention can be prepared simply by mixing the components in the desired amount at room temperature and stirring them to form a homogeneous solution.
  • the electrolyte thus obtained can be employed with a variety of electrode couples so long as the additive reacts exothermally with either the positive or the negative elect-rode of the system.
  • exothermally reacting couples there are the silver/zinc system, the silver/ lead system, the silver/ copper system and the silver/cadmiurn system. It isto be understood that the abovenamed electrode systems are not restrictive but merely illustrative in carrying out the practice of the present invention.
  • the silver/zinc system is one of the most versatile and widely employed couples.
  • EXAMPLE I A deferred-action silver/zinc battery having a rated capacity of 12.5 ampere hours was stored at -45 C. over night. cc. of an electrolyte which contained 45% KOH in-water, having a specific gravity of 1.445, was added to the cell. This cell was used as a control. A similar cell was activated by the additionof 100 cc. of an electrolyte containing 45% KOH in water, having a specific gravity of 1.445, and which also contained 60 gr. of a 38% solution of formaldehyde. The cell temperature is set forth in the following table.
  • EXAMPLE II A battery stored in the manner described in Example I was activated with an electrolyte containing 44% aqueous potassium hydroxide diluted to 33% concentration with acetaldehyde. The time elapsed to reach operating voltage at 10% C. was one minute and 50 seconds compared to more than one hour necessary for the control.
  • the data above illustrate the control of temperature when a lower alkyl alcohol is employed with the aldehyde. As in the foregoing example, the control did not reach operating voltage within one hour. In the cell which contained electrolyte additive, a load of 19 amperes was employed after one minute and the voltage under load was 1.50 volts. The capacity yield was 80% of normal room temperature capacity.
  • the electrolyte compositions of this invention present many advantages.
  • the new electrolytes can be employed to raise a cell to norm-a1 operating temperature in a minimum amount of time after the cell has been subjected to extremely low temperatures for a long period.
  • the aldehydes and/or aldehydes and alcohols employed as additives in the electrolyte composition are readily available through normal commercial channels and are inexpensive. Numerous other advantages of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • An electrochemical device comprising a positive electrode containing silver as an active metal, a negative electrode containing an active metal more electronegative than silver, and an electrolyte between said electrodes, said electrolyte being an aqueous alkaline solution including at least 5% by weight of an organic ingredient selected from the group which consists of lower alkyl aldehydes and mixtures of lower alkyl aldehydes and lower alkyl alcohols.
  • a device according to claim 2 wherein said ingredient is a mixture consisting of 4 to 40% aldehyde and 1 to 10% alcohol, based on the weight of said electrolyte.
  • An alkaline electrochemical battery comprising a silver electrode, an electrode selected from the group consisting of zinc, lead, copper and cadmium, and an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal hydroxide in aqueous solution containing an additive selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl aldehydes and mixtures of lower alkyl aldehydes and lower alkyl alcohols, said additive being present in an amount at least equal to about 5% by weight of the electrolyte.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
US35130A 1960-06-10 1960-06-10 Autothermic electrolyte Expired - Lifetime US3113891A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL265638D NL265638A (en)) 1960-06-10
US35130A US3113891A (en) 1960-06-10 1960-06-10 Autothermic electrolyte
DEY480A DE1174382B (de) 1960-06-10 1961-04-11 Elektrolyt fuer Akkumulatoren, insbesondere fuer alkalische Akkumulatoren
CH641861A CH397801A (fr) 1960-06-10 1961-06-01 Electrolyte pour élément électrochimique et procédé pour sa préparation
GB20281/61A GB942500A (en) 1960-06-10 1961-06-05 Improvements relating to electrolyte compositions for use in electrochemical batteries

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35130A US3113891A (en) 1960-06-10 1960-06-10 Autothermic electrolyte

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3113891A true US3113891A (en) 1963-12-10

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Family Applications (1)

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US35130A Expired - Lifetime US3113891A (en) 1960-06-10 1960-06-10 Autothermic electrolyte

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US (1) US3113891A (en))
CH (1) CH397801A (en))
DE (1) DE1174382B (en))
GB (1) GB942500A (en))
NL (1) NL265638A (en))

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3139356A (en) * 1961-08-05 1964-06-30 Yuasa Battery Co Ltd Deferred-action type silver battery
US3953239A (en) * 1975-01-27 1976-04-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Al-AgO primary battery
US4074027A (en) * 1977-03-04 1978-02-14 Akers Raymond F Generating device utilizing irradiated copper electrode
CN110504460A (zh) * 2019-07-31 2019-11-26 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 一种锌银贮备电池的化学加热系统及方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH639512A5 (de) * 1978-07-06 1983-11-15 Leclanche Sa Wasserarme alkalische primaerzelle mit langer lebensdauer.

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1343138A (en) * 1919-11-28 1920-06-08 Arnold Print Works Mercerization
US1450984A (en) * 1921-02-07 1923-04-10 Canadian Electro Prod Co Process of making condensation products of aliphatic aldehydes
US1506425A (en) * 1922-05-11 1924-08-26 Nat Carbon Co Inc Liberation of oil from oil-containing depolarizers
US2610219A (en) * 1950-04-04 1952-09-09 Yardney International Corp Rechargeable battery
US2727082A (en) * 1952-09-26 1955-12-13 Eagle Picher Co Silver peroxide battery
AT206028B (de) * 1958-02-06 1959-11-10 Ruhrchemie Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb von Brennstoffelementen
US2912478A (en) * 1953-12-04 1959-11-10 Ruhrchemie Ag Fuel cells
US2925454A (en) * 1955-02-12 1960-02-16 Ruhrchemie Ag Direct production of electrical energy from liquid fuels
US2980749A (en) * 1957-09-12 1961-04-18 Gerard H J Broers Fuel cell and method of producing electrodes for such a cell

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1343138A (en) * 1919-11-28 1920-06-08 Arnold Print Works Mercerization
US1450984A (en) * 1921-02-07 1923-04-10 Canadian Electro Prod Co Process of making condensation products of aliphatic aldehydes
US1506425A (en) * 1922-05-11 1924-08-26 Nat Carbon Co Inc Liberation of oil from oil-containing depolarizers
US2610219A (en) * 1950-04-04 1952-09-09 Yardney International Corp Rechargeable battery
US2727082A (en) * 1952-09-26 1955-12-13 Eagle Picher Co Silver peroxide battery
US2912478A (en) * 1953-12-04 1959-11-10 Ruhrchemie Ag Fuel cells
US2925454A (en) * 1955-02-12 1960-02-16 Ruhrchemie Ag Direct production of electrical energy from liquid fuels
US2980749A (en) * 1957-09-12 1961-04-18 Gerard H J Broers Fuel cell and method of producing electrodes for such a cell
AT206028B (de) * 1958-02-06 1959-11-10 Ruhrchemie Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb von Brennstoffelementen

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3139356A (en) * 1961-08-05 1964-06-30 Yuasa Battery Co Ltd Deferred-action type silver battery
US3953239A (en) * 1975-01-27 1976-04-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Al-AgO primary battery
US4074027A (en) * 1977-03-04 1978-02-14 Akers Raymond F Generating device utilizing irradiated copper electrode
CN110504460A (zh) * 2019-07-31 2019-11-26 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 一种锌银贮备电池的化学加热系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL265638A (en))
DE1174382B (de) 1964-07-23
GB942500A (en) 1963-11-20
CH397801A (fr) 1965-08-31

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