US3113827A - Method for dyeing acrylonitrile polymer fibers - Google Patents

Method for dyeing acrylonitrile polymer fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3113827A
US3113827A US246150A US24615062A US3113827A US 3113827 A US3113827 A US 3113827A US 246150 A US246150 A US 246150A US 24615062 A US24615062 A US 24615062A US 3113827 A US3113827 A US 3113827A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fibers
dye
polymer
gel
fiber
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US246150A
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English (en)
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Moore John
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Dow Chemical Co
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Dow Chemical Co
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Publication date
Priority to US25831D priority Critical patent/USRE25831E/en
Priority to NL300788D priority patent/NL300788A/xx
Priority to BE639493D priority patent/BE639493A/xx
Application filed by Dow Chemical Co filed Critical Dow Chemical Co
Priority to US246150A priority patent/US3113827A/en
Priority to GB41224/63A priority patent/GB992195A/en
Priority to DED42767A priority patent/DE1228752B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3113827A publication Critical patent/US3113827A/en
Priority to FR957197A priority patent/FR1377139A/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/70—Material containing nitrile groups
    • D06P3/702—Material containing nitrile groups dyeing of material in the gel state
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F6/18—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F6/38—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds comprising unsaturated nitriles as the major constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
    • D06B3/10—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B2700/00—Treating of textile materials, e.g. bleaching, dyeing, mercerising, impregnating, washing; Fulling of fabrics
    • D06B2700/09—Apparatus for passing open width fabrics through bleaching, washing or dyeing liquid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/92—Synthetic fiber dyeing
    • Y10S8/927—Polyacrylonitrile fiber

Definitions

  • Synthetic fibers including acrylonitrile polymer fibers, have always been difilcultly dyeable in contrast to the commonly available natural fibers, i.e., cotton and wool.
  • Several methods of approach have been pursued in attempting to solve the inherent and attendant difliculties encountered with the acrylonitrile polymer or acrylic fiber dyeability. Among these have been the development of dyestuffs or particular dyeing procedures specifically designed for or especially suited to the polymer structure.
  • Other schemes included building into the polymer structure sites which are receptive to dyestuffs such as might be accomplished by certain additaments that are copolymerized with acrylonitrile to fiber forming polymers, or incorporated in the acrylonitrile polymer by blending and the like.
  • a method for dyeing acrylonitrile polymer gel or aquegel filaments comprising spinning a solution of a polymer of an ethylenically unsaturated monomeric material containing at least about weight percent polymerized acrylonitrile into an aqueous coagulating bath to form acrylonitrile polymer filaments; washing the filaments essentially free of any residual acrylonitrile polymer solvent, said washed filaments containing at least about 300 weight percent water based on the dry weight of the filament; reducing the water content of the gel fiber to between about and 200* weight percent, based on the dry weight of the filament; immersing the gel filament in a dye bath; removing excess dye solution from the gel filaments; and, subsequently irreversibly drying the gel filaments to a textile fiber.
  • the aquagel tow 10 is generally and preferably fed to nip rolls 11 directly from a stretching or orienting operation, but other intermediate treatments may also be performed on the tows such as the addition of various treating agents, for instance, various lubricating and antistatic agents may be applied to the tow prior to its entry into nip rolls 11 provided such agents do not interfere with the subsequent dyeing operation.
  • the pressure applied to the tow between nip rolls 11 can be controlled for any sufi'icient pressure to reduce the water content to the desired amount and will depend primarily upon the amount of water in the tow prior to entering the rolls and the amount of residual water that is desired to be maintained in the gel fibers. In any event, the pressure should not be so great as to actually physically damage the fibers.
  • the nip rolls are of a firm but yet resilient material such as hard rubber so that any crushing action of the rolls on the fibers is minimized.
  • the semi-dehydrated aquagel tow 13 now containing between about 100 and 200 percent water, based on the dry weight of the fiber, is passed around guide roll 14 and then down into dye solution 15 contained in dye bath 16.
  • the tow is passed around guide roll 17 and the dyed aquagel tow 18 is then forwarded upwards and through nip rolls 19 which squeeze any excess dye solution from the fibers.
  • the excess dye solution is allowed to run down the fibers back into the dye bath 16.
  • the dyed aquagel tow 18 after passing through nip rolls 19 is then forwarded on to further processing which may include a steaming operation to set the dyestuif, or to another dye solution for further dyeing in the manner described above or for application of other chemical agents and treatments, or, it may be passed directly to a drying oven to irreversibly dry the gel fiber. Drying of the fiber is generally the ultimate treatment and will follow any of the intermediate liquid treating operations.
  • a stock dye solution containing a predetermined dye concentration is continually (or intermittently) pumped into the dye bath 16 through a delivery tube or inlet 20 (from a source not shown) at a predetermined rate which depends primarily upon the rate at which the tow is passed through the dye as well as the ability and the rapidity of the aquagel tow to take up the dyestutf.
  • the actual amount of dye solution that is picked up by the aquagel in the dye bath 16 is additionally controlled to a large extent by the pressure applied to the tow while passing through nip rolls 19.
  • the pressure of these nip rolls 19 should not be so great as to physically damage the gel fibers.
  • these rolls have a covering of hard rubber or similar resistant material such as those of nip rolls 11.
  • the fibers dyed in accordance with the present invention possess excellent physical properties in addition to being through dyed to excellent deep shades of coloration both throughout the cross section as well as along the length of the fibers. They exhibit outstanding and superior resistance to fading from exposure to washing and light.
  • the present inventive method provides a highly expedient and e-ificient means for continuously, rapidly, uniformly and reproduceably dyeing acrylonitrile fibers employing a wide variety of dye stuffs.
  • the residence time of the gel fiber in the dye bath is extremely short, i.e., usually on the order of ,6 to second.
  • the fiber is uniformly dyed throughout the cross section of the fiber as well as lineally. Not only is each filament dyed to a level shade of coloration throughout, but the complete tow which may be 100,000 or so denier is uniformly dyed throughout.
  • the invention is applicable to the dyeing of acrylonitrile polymer fibers which are fabricated from fiber forming acrylonitrile polymers that contain in the polymer molecule at least about 80 weight percent of polymerized acrylonitrile, and is especially applicable to the dyeing of homopolymeric acrylonitrile, which are wet spun in and with systems that are adapted to utilize aqueous coagulating liquids in the spinning operation, such as systems wherein ethylene glycol, rdimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, butyrolactome and the like or the various saline polyacrylonitrile-dissolving solvents are employed as spinning solution solvents for the polymer and are also present in non-polymer dissolving quantities in the aqueous coagulating liquid used in the spin bath.
  • aqueous coagulating liquids in the spinning operation such as systems wherein ethylene glycol, rdimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, butyrolactome and the like or the various saline poly
  • aqueous saline solvents for the various fiber forming acrylonitrile polymers and polyacrylonitrile include zinc chloride, the various thiocyanates such as calcium thiocyanate, litln'urn bromide, salt mixtures of the so-called lyotropic series, and others recognized by the art as has been disclosed, among other places, in United States Letters Patents Nos. 2,140,921; 2,425,192; 2,648,592; 2,648,593; 2,648,646; 2,648,648; 2,648,649; and 2,949,432.
  • aqueous zinc chloride solutions are used for the purpose.
  • Exemplary of some of the monomeric materials that may be employed with the acrylonitrile in the preparation of the acrylonitrile polymer and copolymer fiber forming systems and dyed in accordance with the practice of the present invention include allyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, acryloamide, methacrylamide, methyl acrylate, 2-vinyl pyridine, ethylene sulfonic acid and its alkali metal salts, vinyl benzene sulfonic acid and its salts, 2- sulfoethylmethacrylate and its salts, vinyl lactaims such as vinyl caprolactam and vinyl pyrrolidone, etc. and mixtures thereof.
  • acrylonitrile polymer fibers As indicated, after acrylonitrile polymer fibers have been wet spun they are most frequently water washed or washed with an aqueous inert solution to remove any residual polymer solvent from the freshly formed filaments, thus forming an intermediate fiber product often referred to as a gel or aquagel filament.
  • Thoroughly washed acrylonitrile polymer aquagel fibers incidentally, are usually found to contain up to about 6 parts by weight of water (including residual extrinsic or exterior water associated therewith) for each part by weight of dry polymer therein. More frequently, washed acrylonitrile aquagel polymer fibers are found to contain from about 3 to 4 parts by Weight of water for each part by weight of polymer.
  • the present invention can .be carried out conveniently in standard spinning trains. That is, no major alterations to a conventional fiber forming process need be undertaken except to introduce the necessary nip rolls and dye bath as illustrated in the figure attached hereto. Because of the extreme speed at which the fibers can be dyed in practicing the present invention, the ordinary and commercially useful spinning speeds can be employed while simultaneously obtaining an excellently dyed fiber.
  • the invention provides a method for dyeing the gel fibers directly with essentially all classes of dyestuffs, without the use of dyeing assistants, at temperatures of ambient or higher temperatures, if desired, and in very short periods of time.
  • the present invention provides for substantial reductions in dye or chemical liquor that is required to dye a unit weight of tow.
  • the concentration of water in the tow is to be rather closely controlled when dyeing the fibers in the method of the present invention.
  • the water content of the tow is much in excess of about 200 percent, based on the dry weight of the tow, the absorption by the fiber of the dyestutf is less effective, not only from the standpoint of being non-uniform and lacking through penetration, but additionally the actual amount or dye build-up, which is required for depth of shade, is significantly lower.
  • the water content of the gel fiber is much below about percent, based on the dry weight of the fiber, the same general disadvantages are observed except that they are possibly caused from a different happenstance.
  • the gel tends to collapse and does not provide for entry of the dyestufi at all or only to a slight degree.
  • the build-up of dyestuif tends to decrease significantly such that for the same dye cycle as that used for a fiber containing about 200 weight percent water, a lesser depth of shade and frequently unlevelness is observed in the gel fiber containing the lower water content.
  • nip rolls Other constrictive means such as forcing the tow through a narrow opening or causing the tow to bend over a sharp angle under tension can be used to physically force the water from the filaments.
  • an actual mechanical force is thrust upon the fibers to remove the Water advan tageously, a pair of nip rolls is used to provide such force.
  • Removal of the water by heating and evaporation is generally to be avoided for several reasons: the process of evaporation is much slower and interrupts the continuity of'the process making control more dilficult; unless the evaporation or partial drying is carefully controlled the tow is not uniformly reduced in water content, some fibers may be too high in water content and some too low (the gel structure may actually collapse) so that dye uniformity is apt to be worse than if no Water had been removed; some fiber-to-fiber fusion may occur unless certain chemical agents are added, and these agents may have to be removed before dyeing so that they do not interfere with dye uptake or resulting dye fastness properties; and such other reasons as the higher energy requirements of evaporation or drying and the difiiculty of recovery of the water for reuse and the like.
  • the gel fibers are stretched to their ultimate desired orientation before they are passed into the dye bath and before the moisture content or water content is reduced.
  • the fibers are generally stretched about to 12 times their original extruded length, but lesser degrees of stretch may be imparted to the fibers and may be desirable for some purposes. It is also possible in the practice of the invention if the fibers are only partially oriented prior to having the water content reduced and before immersion into the dye bath. Then, subsequently, before the fiber is irreversibly dried the gel fiber may again be oriented by stretching to the desired or prerequisite degree.
  • the temperature of the dye bath will depend principally on the dyestuff employed. A dyestufi which is dissolved with difiiculty will ordinarily require higher temperatures in order to remain uniformly dispersed throughout the solution. Temperatures ranging from ambient up to 100 are ordinarily employed in the practice of the invention but higher temperatures may also be utilized with the application of pressure to the dye bath. However, one of the attributes of the present invention is that uniform and rapid dyeing can be accomplished at relatively low temperatures and that pressure dyeing techniques are obviated by the present practice; therefore, the dye bath is ordinarily an open bath. If desired for one purpose or another, the gel fibers may be heated or cooled prior to immersion into the dye bath.
  • the fibers are passed to the nip rolls and dye bath directly from the stretching operation they are ordinarily at a higher than ambient temperature since the stretching is usually accomplished at 70-100 C.
  • the fibers may be passed through a Water bath at the desirable temperature if otherwise heating or cooling of the fibers is desired.
  • the concentration of the dye in the dye bath may be from as little as 0.001 Weight percent, based on the weight of the solution, up to the saturation concentration of the dye stuff in the solution (which in actuality may either be a solution or a dispersion) or until normal operation would be effected by such things as agglomeration of the dyestufis on the gel fibers and the like.
  • excellent dye build-up and deep shades of coloration are obtained on the gel fibers by employing relatively dilute dye bath concentrations.
  • the concentration of the dye bath is maintained by continually adding dye solution which is usually of the same dye concentration as that employed in the dye bath proper. Since relatively little dilution of the dye bath occurs during the dye process, the actual amount of liquid in the dye bath is immaterial excepting to be sufficient that the gel fibers are at least completely immersed in the dye bath during their pass therethrough.
  • the dyestuffs that are beneficially employed in the practice of the present invention may be selected from any of a wide number of available dyestufi? classes. Genenally, all Water soluble and water dispersible dyes including pigments, may be employed with advantage. Spe cifically, among those that may be mentioned are the vat, sulfur, direct, metallized, basic, acid, azoic, acetate, reactive, ingrain and the like classes of dyestuffs.
  • the procedure of removing excess dye solution from the gel fibers when it emerges from the dye bath is principally for that purpose, however, this function additionally aids in leveling the dye stuff on the fibers as. well as removing occluded materials therefrom.
  • little dilution of the dye bath takes place during the dyeing process which means that the removal of the excess dye solution does not remove .from the gel fiber much if any of the residual moisture or water that it contained when it entered the dye bath.
  • the gel fiber when it leaves the excess dye-removing step of the process, ordinarily contains more water (usually picked up from the dye solution itself) than it did immediately prior to the dye bath. In other words, the gel fiber has become more swollen and approaches its original water content that it contained after the washing step in its manufacture.
  • the gel filaments may be passed to a suitable steaming chamber to aid in setting or fixing the dye stuff in the acrylonitrilc polymer fiber or, if desirable, the gel filaments may be passed through another dye bath similar to the first containing the same or a different dyestuff.
  • other wet or dry treating processes may be administered to the gel fibers such as the application of finishing and lubricating agents as Well as certain heat treatments, crimping of the fibers, and so forth, either before or after irreversibly drying of gel filaments.
  • zinc chloride may most advantageously be utilized as the sole, or at least the principal saline solute in the spinning solvent employed for the polymer.
  • the aqueous solution of zinc chloride in the spinning solution may advantageously be in a concentration range of from 55 to 65, preferably about 60 Weight percent, based on the weight of the aqueous solution.
  • the quantity of substantially pure Water passed countercurrent to the filaments in the coagulation bath should be sufiicient, when such aqueous zinc chloride spinning solutions are employed, so as to maintain the concentration of zinc chloride in the portion of the liquid in the spinning zone at a nonpolymer-dissolving coagulation concentration of at least about 25 weight percent; advantageously from about 30 to 50 percent by weight and preferably between about and percent by Weight.
  • the spinning solution that is extruded to contain between about 4 and 20 percent by weight of dissolved polymer; more advantageously from about 6 to 15 weight percent of dissolved polymer; and preferably particularly when polyacrylonitrile fibers are being manufactured, from about 8.1 to 11.5 percent by weight of fiber-forming polymeric solids in the spinning solution.
  • Aqueous zinc chloride spinning solutions of fiberforming acrylonitrile polymers are beneficially extruded at a spinning temperature from 0 to C. preferably from about 10 to 30 0., into an aqueous zinc chloride coagulating liquid that is maintained at a coagulating temperature of O to 30 C.; preferably from about 10 to 20 C.
  • a tow of polyacrylonitrile aquagel fiber that contained from about to 6 parts by weight of water in the gel phase to each part by Weight of dry polymer in the aquagel structure, was obtained by extruding a spinning solution comprised of about 10 parts of polyacrylonitrile dissolved in about 90 parts of a 60 weight percent aqueous solution of zinc chloride into an aqueous coagulating bath that contained about 44 weight percent of zinc chloride dissolved therein.
  • a multiple filament tow was prepared by extruding the spinning solution through a spinnerette having 500 round, 3 mil diameter orifices. The coagulated tow bundle afteremerging from the coagulating bath was washed substantially free from salt by passing it through sequential water baths.
  • the tow bundle was passed through a pair of nip rolls Whereat the water content of the gel structure was reduced to about 2 parts per part of dry fiber in the gel structure (about 200 Weight percent water based on the dry weight of the fiber) after which it was immersed in a dye bath while passing around a guide roll and thence up to a second set of nip rolls which removed excess dye solution 'from the gel filaments.
  • the dyed tow bundle was then transferred to a drying oven wherein the fibers were irreversibly dried at about 140 C. for about 7 minutes to dyed textile fibers.
  • the temperature of the dye bath was ambient and the residence time of the fibers in the dye bath was about & of a second.
  • the foregoing procedure was repeated with each of the following dyestuffs in the aqueous dye bath.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Fibers During Manufacturing Processes (AREA)
US246150A 1962-12-20 1962-12-20 Method for dyeing acrylonitrile polymer fibers Expired - Lifetime US3113827A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25831D USRE25831E (en) 1962-12-20 Method for dyeing acrylonitrile polymer fibers
NL300788D NL300788A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1962-12-20
BE639493D BE639493A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1962-12-20
US246150A US3113827A (en) 1962-12-20 1962-12-20 Method for dyeing acrylonitrile polymer fibers
GB41224/63A GB992195A (en) 1962-12-20 1963-10-18 Method for dyeing acrylonitrile polymer fibers
DED42767A DE1228752B (de) 1962-12-20 1963-10-21 Faerben von Acrylnitrilpolymerisat-Faeden
FR957197A FR1377139A (fr) 1962-12-20 1963-12-13 Procédé pour la teinture de fibres en polymère d'acrylonitrile

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US246150A US3113827A (en) 1962-12-20 1962-12-20 Method for dyeing acrylonitrile polymer fibers

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US3113827A true US3113827A (en) 1963-12-10

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US25831D Expired USRE25831E (en) 1962-12-20 Method for dyeing acrylonitrile polymer fibers
US246150A Expired - Lifetime US3113827A (en) 1962-12-20 1962-12-20 Method for dyeing acrylonitrile polymer fibers

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US25831D Expired USRE25831E (en) 1962-12-20 Method for dyeing acrylonitrile polymer fibers

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US (2) US3113827A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE639493A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1228752B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1377139A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB992195A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL300788A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3402236A (en) * 1964-01-29 1968-09-17 Chemstrand Ltd Manufacture and treatment of synthetic fibres and fabrics containing the same
US3533729A (en) * 1966-05-06 1970-10-13 A C S A Applic Chimiche Spa Process for dyeing polyvinyl chloride fibers
DE2317132A1 (de) * 1973-04-05 1974-10-17 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen spinngutfaerbung von faeden und faserbaendern aus trokken gesponnenen acrylnitrilpolymerisaten
DE2401880A1 (de) * 1974-01-16 1975-07-17 Bayer Ag Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen anfaerben von faeden oder faserbaendern aus nassgesponnenen acrylnitrilpolymerisaten
US3979176A (en) * 1974-02-06 1976-09-07 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Process for the continuous level processing of poly-acrylonitrile in the hydrated condition
US4591361A (en) * 1982-12-31 1986-05-27 Snia Fibre S.P.A. Method of producing acrylonitrile-base in-line dyed fibers using rapidly alternating dye solution cross flow

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH522047A (de) * 1969-12-23 1972-04-30 Ciba Geigy Ag Verfahren zur Färbung von im Nass-Spinnverfahren hergestellten Fasern
NL7008866A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-12-24 1971-12-21
DE10027338A1 (de) * 2000-06-02 2001-12-06 Dystar Textilfarben Gmbh & Co Verfahren zum Färben von Acrylfasern
MX2009010407A (es) 2007-03-28 2009-12-01 Apotex Technologies Inc Derivados fluorados de deferiprona.
WO2009129592A1 (en) * 2008-04-25 2009-10-29 Apotex Technologies Inc. Liquid formulation for deferiprone with palatable taste
US9073865B2 (en) 2009-07-03 2015-07-07 Apotex Technologies Inc. Fluorinated derivates of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-ones

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3402236A (en) * 1964-01-29 1968-09-17 Chemstrand Ltd Manufacture and treatment of synthetic fibres and fabrics containing the same
US3533729A (en) * 1966-05-06 1970-10-13 A C S A Applic Chimiche Spa Process for dyeing polyvinyl chloride fibers
DE2317132A1 (de) * 1973-04-05 1974-10-17 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen spinngutfaerbung von faeden und faserbaendern aus trokken gesponnenen acrylnitrilpolymerisaten
DE2317132C3 (de) * 1973-04-05 1982-03-11 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Färben von trockengesponnenem Fasergut aus Acrylnitrilpolymerisaten
DE2401880A1 (de) * 1974-01-16 1975-07-17 Bayer Ag Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen anfaerben von faeden oder faserbaendern aus nassgesponnenen acrylnitrilpolymerisaten
US4013406A (en) * 1974-01-16 1977-03-22 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for continuously dyeing filaments of slivers of wet-spun acrylonitrile polymers
US3979176A (en) * 1974-02-06 1976-09-07 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Process for the continuous level processing of poly-acrylonitrile in the hydrated condition
US4591361A (en) * 1982-12-31 1986-05-27 Snia Fibre S.P.A. Method of producing acrylonitrile-base in-line dyed fibers using rapidly alternating dye solution cross flow

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE639493A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL300788A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
USRE25831E (en) 1965-08-03
DE1228752B (de) 1966-11-17
FR1377139A (fr) 1964-10-31
GB992195A (en) 1965-05-19

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