US3110157A - Transportation of cold liquids and safety means - Google Patents

Transportation of cold liquids and safety means Download PDF

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Publication number
US3110157A
US3110157A US5548160A US3110157A US 3110157 A US3110157 A US 3110157A US 5548160 A US5548160 A US 5548160A US 3110157 A US3110157 A US 3110157A
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Prior art keywords
tank
liquid
receptacle
side walls
bottom wall
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Radd Frederick
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Conch International Methane Ltd
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Conch International Methane Ltd
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Priority to NL268746D priority Critical patent/NL268746A/xx
Priority to BE607357D priority patent/BE607357A/xx
Application filed by Conch International Methane Ltd filed Critical Conch International Methane Ltd
Priority to US5548160 priority patent/US3110157A/en
Priority to GB2595161A priority patent/GB919755A/en
Priority to FR870878A priority patent/FR1297579A/fr
Priority to DEC25043A priority patent/DE1292459B/de
Application granted granted Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/126—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for large storage containers for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L2101/00—Uses or applications of pigs or moles
    • F16L2101/30—Inspecting, measuring or testing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0354—Wood
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/031—Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F17C2250/0417—Level of content in the vessel with electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/015—Facilitating maintenance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/037—Handling leaked fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/038—Detecting leaked fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/5762—With leakage or drip collecting

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the ship transportation of extremely cold liquids in self-suflicient containers of large capacity, and it relates more particularly to a safety feature employed in a system of the type described for the purpose of maintaining control of the extremely cold liquid cargo which might inadvertently or otherwise escape from the containers, thereby to avoid the extremely dangerous conditions which would otherwise develop.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic sectional elevational view of a system which may be employed for the safe transportation of an extremely cold liquid
  • FIGURE 2 is a sectional elevational view similar to that of FIGURE 1, showing a modification in the safety means, and
  • FIGURE 3 is a similar sectional elevational view of a corner of a structure embodying a further modification.
  • This invention can best be illustrated by reference to the over-water transportationof natural gas in a liquefied state from a source of plentiful supply to an area where a deficiency exists. It will be understood that the concepts described will have similar application to ship transportation of other extremely cold liquids in large quantities, such as liquefied air, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and the like.
  • the liquified gas atabout atmospheric pressure is housed within a large tank of polygonal shape and formed of such materials as aluminum or alloys of aluminum, stainless or other high nickel or austenitic steels, copper or alloys of copper and the like which do not become embrittled at cryogenic temperatures.
  • the tanks are mounted within the hold space of the ship lined with a relatively thick layer of insulating material, as represented by blocks of balsa wood or other material having low heat conductivity.
  • the ship is preferably formed with an outer steel hull and an inner hull in closely spaced parallel relationship with the outer hull to define a confined space therebetween through which water or other fluid may be introduced or circulated for temperature control as well as for ballast.
  • a ship may roll by as much as 40 degrees in either direction in a bad sea, thereby to impose considerable shifting of the loads upon the walls of the tank and thereby also to impose problems with respect to maintenance of the liquids which find their way outside of the tank by reason of leakage, splash, or partial failure of the tank.
  • the metal storage tank is represented by the numeral 10 and the liquified gas stored therein is represented by the numeral 12.
  • the tank is illustrated as being housed within an insulated hull 14 of the ship lined to provide a relatively thick layer 16 of a structurally strong and dimensionally stable insulation, such as balsa wood.
  • the tank is provided with an inlet pipe 18 which extends into the tank through the top wall 20 for the introduction of liquid cargo into the tank and which is provided with a fiow control valve 22 for regulating the flow of vapors and fiuid therethrough.
  • a discharge pipe 24 extends downwardly through the tank to a point adjacent the bottom side for use in, the removal of liquid cargo, and it, too, is provided with a flow control valve 26 for regulating the flow of vapors of fluids therethrough and a vent pipe 25 extends into the tank into communication with the vapor space for release of vapors collecting above the liquid level.
  • a space 28 is provided between the side walls of the tank and the insulation 16 disposed outwardly thereof.
  • Each tank is provided with a receptacle 30 extending outwardly from the bottom side of the tank, such for example, as the pan'illustrated' in FIGURE 1 shaped to correspond with the cross-section of the tank and dimensioned to have a" length and width greater than the corresponding dimensions of the tank to span the bottom wall 32 and extend into the space 28 between the side walls of the tank and the insulation.
  • the side walls 34 of the pan extend upwardly into the space about the sidewalls of the tank to provide a trough 36 into which the liquid cargo escaping from the tank and flowing gravitationally downwardly along the side walls of the tank can collect.
  • the side walls 34 of the receptacle extend upwardly for a short distance beyond the bottom wall of the tank, it is preferred to dimension the side walls to extend beyond the lower quarter of the tank so as to retain liquid escaping from the tank and flowing gravitationally down the side, notwithstanding the angular movement of the ship at angles as great as 40 degrees responsive to the pitching and rolling movements of the shi its receptacle should be formed of materials which are impervious to the liquid cargo and insensitive to the cold of the liquid.
  • the receptacle can be fabricated of metal suitable for tank construction, or of wood or of plastic, with or without reinforcement.
  • the bottom wall 32 of the receptacle can rest on the floor 37 of insulating material, and the bottom wall of the tank can rest upon the .top surface of the bottom wall of the receptacle, or the tank'bot-tom wall can be supported in spaced relationship with the bottom wall of the receptacle as by means of beams 38 to provide a spaced I relation therebetween and thereby increase the capacity of the receptacle to retain liquid as illustrated in FIGURE 1.
  • the receptacle may constitute a side wall 34' and a bottom wall 32' dimensioned to correspond with the spaced relationship between said side wall 34' and the tank, and which is secured in sealing relationship to the lower edge of the tank to provide a receptacle in the form of a trough 36' which extends all about the lower edge of the tank, with the side wall of the container defining the inner wall of the trough, as illustrated in FIG- URE 2.
  • a receptacle which is not free standing but instead relies upon the insulation for support.
  • a membrane 34 such as a film of metal or plastics fixed to the lower part of the insulation surrounding the tank to form a receptacle.
  • the bottom wall of the pan can be constructed to provide recessed keyways dimensioned to be received in corresponding keyways in the supporting floor and into which the keys on the bottom side of the tank are received; or vice versa, the keys may be formed in the pan and floor for engagement into corresponding keyways provided in the bottom wall of the tank.
  • one or more drains 40 are provided in the bottom wall of the receptacle for connection by pipes 42 to the intake side of a displacement pump 44 by which the liquid is forced through a pipe 46 to the filling pipe 18, whereby liquid from the pan is returned to the tank, or to.
  • a pipe 47 having itsloutlet preferably extending rearwardly of the ship for dumping the liquid into the sea.
  • the tank rests upon the top surface of the pan, or when the receptacle merely constitutes the trough, it will usually be suflicient to locate the drain or drains in the base of the trough for communicating the liquid with the displacement pump.
  • one or more drains can be located in intermediate portions of the pan bottom wall, and such drains can be located advantageously in downwardly deformed basins or sumps for more complete drainage of liquid from the pans for return to the tank.
  • cryogenic liquids With such cryogenic liquids, it is preferred to make use of means for direct displacement of the liquid without drainage or other below deck installations thereby to avoid bottom connections.
  • sensing means such as electrodes 50 and 52, are provided in the base of the trough for initiating operation. of the displacement pump when the electrodes are contacted with liquid, thereby automatically to recircu-late liquid from the receptacle through the return pipe 46 to the always open portion of the supply line 18 for return to the tank.
  • thermocouple 54 connected by the conductor 56 to the displacement pump means to initiate operation thereof in response to the cold of the liquid present in the trough.
  • the pump 44 could be mounted -in asuitable area within the insulated space or it could be mounted a substantial distance from the cargo tank and the insulation surrounding the tank.
  • the side walls 34 and 34 of the receptacle, illustrated in the drawings as extending perpendicularly from the bottom wall, can be inclined outwardly towards the insulation to enhance the the inner surface of the insulation can be provided with a suitable liquidand vapor-impervious layer, such as a membrane of aluminum and the like, which would operate to deflect liquid escaping from the tank into the trough or receptacle, thereby to enhance the control of the fluid flow.
  • the described means will be found to be extremely valuable when partial failure occurs in one or more of the tanks while, the ship is at sea.
  • the means described will operate to maintain control of the liquid cargo for protection of the ship's structure from the cold of the liquid, while also minimizing loss of liquid until the ship can be docked for removal of the liquid cargo to land storage to enable more permanent repair of the tanks.
  • a liquid protecting system in the storage and transportation of extremely cold liquids in self suflicient storage tanks mounted within a thermally insulated space with space between the sides of the storage tank and the thermal insulation comprising a liquid receiving means adjacent the bottom side of the storage tank and dimensioned to extend beyond the side walls of the tank and upwardly into the space about the tank between the outer wall of the tank and the thermal insulation spaced therefrom and to a height substantially less than the height of the tank, and means for removing liquid from said liquid receiving means
  • the cold liquid receiving means comprises a pan-shaped member having a contour corresponding to the cross-section of the bottom of the storage tank and having side walls extending substantially perpendicularly upwardly from the edges of the bottom wall of the pan-shaped member into the space between the side wall of the tank and the insulation, and in which the pan-shaped member rests on the thermally insulating floor of the insulated space, and means for supporting the bottom wall of the tank in vertically spaced apart relation from the bottom wall of the pan.
  • liquid protecting system in the storage and transportation of extremely cold liquids in storage tanks mounted within a thermally insulated space with space between the sides of the storage tank and the thermal insulation comprising a liquid receiving means adjacent the bottom side of the storage tank and dimensioned to extend beyond the side walls of the tank and upwardly into the space about the tank to a height substantially less than the height of the tank, liquid level sensing means for determining the presence of cold liquid within said cold liquid receiving means, and means responsive to theliquid level sensing means for withdrawing liquid from the cold liquid receiving means.
  • a leak protecting system for the storage and transportation of extremely cold liquids in containers of the type having at least one storage tank located within a thermally insulated space with there being an expansion space between the sides of the storage tank and the sides of the thermally insulated space comprising a cup-shaped cold liquid receiving container positioned at the bottom of the storage tank, the side walls of said container being positioned intermediate the sides of the storage tank and the sides of the thermally insulated space and extending upwardly to a height substantially less than the height of the tank, liquid level sensing means for determining the presence of liquid within said cold liquid receiving means, and recirculating pump means for withdrawing liquid from the cold liquid receiving means in response to the liquid level sensing means and returning it to the storage tank.
  • a liquid protection system in the storage and transportation of extremely cold liquids having a boiling point so low as to dangerously embrittle and weaken ordinary steel plate comprising a self-supporting tank for such liquid having top and bottom walls and side walls, a thermally insulated container completely surrounding said tank and insulating its contents to provide a safe temperature at he outside surface of said insulated container, there being a space between the side walls of the tank and the adjacent walls of the insulated container, a liquid-impervious barrier in said space, the upper part of said barrier extending upward only a fractional part of the way from the bottom of said space and defining together with the outer wall of said tank a trap for collecting any liquid dripping down the outer side of said tank without permitting said liquid to reach the insulated container, and means for removing liquid from said trap to prevent the building up of substantial hydrostatic pressure against the inner walls of said trap, there being also a space between the bottom wall of the tank and the adjacent bottom wall of the insulated container,
  • the bottom part of said barrier being substantially horizontal and underlying the bottom wall of said tank and being spaced therefrom to define, together with said upwardly-extending' part of the barrier, a liquid-impermeable drip pan.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US5548160 1960-09-12 1960-09-12 Transportation of cold liquids and safety means Expired - Lifetime US3110157A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL268746D NL268746A (de) 1960-09-12
BE607357D BE607357A (de) 1960-09-12
US5548160 US3110157A (en) 1960-09-12 1960-09-12 Transportation of cold liquids and safety means
GB2595161A GB919755A (en) 1960-09-12 1961-07-18 Improvements relating to the storage and transportation of extremely cold liquids
FR870878A FR1297579A (fr) 1960-09-12 1961-08-16 Transport de liquides froids et moyen de sécurité
DEC25043A DE1292459B (de) 1960-09-12 1961-09-11 Schutzeinrichtung fuer Tanker fuer den Transport von tiefkalten Fluessigkeiten

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5548160 US3110157A (en) 1960-09-12 1960-09-12 Transportation of cold liquids and safety means

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3110157A true US3110157A (en) 1963-11-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US5548160 Expired - Lifetime US3110157A (en) 1960-09-12 1960-09-12 Transportation of cold liquids and safety means

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3110157A (de)
BE (1) BE607357A (de)
DE (1) DE1292459B (de)
GB (1) GB919755A (de)
NL (1) NL268746A (de)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3225955A (en) * 1961-01-16 1965-12-28 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Land storage for liquefied gases
US3320969A (en) * 1962-07-27 1967-05-23 Stone & Webster Eng Corp Nuclear containment vessels
US3322141A (en) * 1962-07-27 1967-05-30 Stone & Webster Eng Corp Containment vessels
US3628560A (en) * 1969-06-13 1971-12-21 Sprague Electric Co Support and seal for a drive means
US3766876A (en) * 1970-10-29 1973-10-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Container for liquefied gases at cryogenic temperatures
US4392449A (en) * 1981-05-01 1983-07-12 Dining Bruce F Below deck enclosure for pressurized, heavier than air gas
US4408628A (en) * 1982-01-29 1983-10-11 Monk Robert J System and method for repair of leaking storage tanks containing fluids which contaminate ground water
US4489569A (en) * 1982-09-17 1984-12-25 C. Reichert Optische Werke Ag. Cooling apparatus for the rapid cooling of specimens
US4635477A (en) * 1983-03-01 1987-01-13 Ateliers De Constructions Electriques De Charleroi Leak detector for the dikes of nuclear cooling ponds
US4871087A (en) * 1988-04-04 1989-10-03 Johnson David S Reusable container dispenser for ultra high purity chemicals and method of storage
US5313991A (en) * 1993-02-02 1994-05-24 Pollution Control, Inc. Apparatus for containing oil and waste spills at a loading and unloading line connection
US5333641A (en) * 1993-12-03 1994-08-02 Motorola, Inc. Containment vessel for environmentally sealing a chemical compound
US5647412A (en) * 1996-03-08 1997-07-15 Brewer; Jack G. Apparatus for containing oil and waste spillage at a line connection
US5678725A (en) * 1994-12-20 1997-10-21 Nippon Sanso Corporation Thermally insulated container
EP1473531A2 (de) * 2003-04-30 2004-11-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Kolonnensystem und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
US20040255450A1 (en) * 2003-04-30 2004-12-23 Stefan Wilhelm Column system and process for producing same
US20080237240A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2008-10-02 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg Modular Container for Cryogenic Liquids
US7673658B1 (en) 2008-10-28 2010-03-09 Brewer Jack G Load line connection spillage container
US20140137782A1 (en) * 2011-05-25 2014-05-22 Samsung Heavy Ind. Co., Ltd. Storage tank for liquified materials and ship comprising same
US20160138760A1 (en) * 2013-06-19 2016-05-19 Dong Xiang High Purity Phosphorus Oxychloride Safe Feeding System
CN106015934A (zh) * 2016-06-22 2016-10-12 陈玲玲 一种防煤气泄漏智能装置
US10914518B2 (en) * 2017-04-12 2021-02-09 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Apparatus for distillation at cryogenic temperatures

Families Citing this family (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9813001D0 (en) 1998-06-16 1998-08-12 Air Prod & Chem Containment enclosure
CN112984367B (zh) * 2019-12-12 2022-09-09 荆门宏图特种飞行器制造有限公司 低温储罐及其泄漏防护装置

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US2404418A (en) * 1942-10-05 1946-07-23 Walker Brooks Noncombustible fuel tank
US2678541A (en) * 1949-01-28 1954-05-18 Milton Roy Co Feeding liquid chlorine
US2896416A (en) * 1957-08-05 1959-07-28 Constock Int Methane Ltd Means for the transportation and storage of cold boiling liquefied hydrocarbon gas
US2933902A (en) * 1955-12-12 1960-04-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Transportation of liquefied gases
US2954003A (en) * 1957-01-16 1960-09-27 Conch Int Methane Ltd Means for transportation of low temperature liquids
US2959928A (en) * 1957-09-26 1960-11-15 California Research Corp Lpg tankship refrigeration system
US2963873A (en) * 1957-07-10 1960-12-13 Texas Gas Transmission Corp Method and apparatus for storing liquefied gases
US3039418A (en) * 1958-12-16 1962-06-19 Shell Oil Co Tankers
US3059804A (en) * 1961-02-08 1962-10-23 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Safety device for insulated tank

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FR391175A (fr) * 1908-06-13 1908-10-24 Alois Reimann Manchon pour brides de tuyaux à revetement calorifuge
DE1754388U (de) * 1957-07-24 1957-10-17 Albert Herberholz Behaelter fuer brennbare fluessigkeiten mit auffangwanne.
DE1760585U (de) * 1957-11-23 1958-01-23 Albert Herberholz Behaelter fuer brennbare fluessigkeiten mit auffangwanne.
DE1783686U (de) * 1958-12-04 1959-02-19 Kurt Peter Dahlke Heizoeltank, insbesondere fuer haushaltslagerzwecke.
GB1090314A (en) * 1964-04-13 1967-11-08 Zd Y V I Plzen Narodni Podnik Improvements in or relating to planetary gearing

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1381175A (en) * 1919-02-14 1921-06-14 Herman C Ericsson Antiexplosive and non-inflammable gasolene-tank
US2404418A (en) * 1942-10-05 1946-07-23 Walker Brooks Noncombustible fuel tank
US2678541A (en) * 1949-01-28 1954-05-18 Milton Roy Co Feeding liquid chlorine
US2933902A (en) * 1955-12-12 1960-04-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Transportation of liquefied gases
US2954003A (en) * 1957-01-16 1960-09-27 Conch Int Methane Ltd Means for transportation of low temperature liquids
US2963873A (en) * 1957-07-10 1960-12-13 Texas Gas Transmission Corp Method and apparatus for storing liquefied gases
US2896416A (en) * 1957-08-05 1959-07-28 Constock Int Methane Ltd Means for the transportation and storage of cold boiling liquefied hydrocarbon gas
US2959928A (en) * 1957-09-26 1960-11-15 California Research Corp Lpg tankship refrigeration system
US3039418A (en) * 1958-12-16 1962-06-19 Shell Oil Co Tankers
US3059804A (en) * 1961-02-08 1962-10-23 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Safety device for insulated tank

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3225955A (en) * 1961-01-16 1965-12-28 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Land storage for liquefied gases
US3320969A (en) * 1962-07-27 1967-05-23 Stone & Webster Eng Corp Nuclear containment vessels
US3322141A (en) * 1962-07-27 1967-05-30 Stone & Webster Eng Corp Containment vessels
US3628560A (en) * 1969-06-13 1971-12-21 Sprague Electric Co Support and seal for a drive means
US3766876A (en) * 1970-10-29 1973-10-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Container for liquefied gases at cryogenic temperatures
US4392449A (en) * 1981-05-01 1983-07-12 Dining Bruce F Below deck enclosure for pressurized, heavier than air gas
US4408628A (en) * 1982-01-29 1983-10-11 Monk Robert J System and method for repair of leaking storage tanks containing fluids which contaminate ground water
US4489569A (en) * 1982-09-17 1984-12-25 C. Reichert Optische Werke Ag. Cooling apparatus for the rapid cooling of specimens
US4635477A (en) * 1983-03-01 1987-01-13 Ateliers De Constructions Electriques De Charleroi Leak detector for the dikes of nuclear cooling ponds
US4871087A (en) * 1988-04-04 1989-10-03 Johnson David S Reusable container dispenser for ultra high purity chemicals and method of storage
US5313991A (en) * 1993-02-02 1994-05-24 Pollution Control, Inc. Apparatus for containing oil and waste spills at a loading and unloading line connection
US5333641A (en) * 1993-12-03 1994-08-02 Motorola, Inc. Containment vessel for environmentally sealing a chemical compound
US5846371A (en) * 1994-12-20 1998-12-08 Nippon Sanso Corporation Thermally insulated container and production process therefor
US5678725A (en) * 1994-12-20 1997-10-21 Nippon Sanso Corporation Thermally insulated container
US5647412A (en) * 1996-03-08 1997-07-15 Brewer; Jack G. Apparatus for containing oil and waste spillage at a line connection
EP1473531A2 (de) * 2003-04-30 2004-11-03 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Kolonnensystem und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
EP1473531A3 (de) * 2003-04-30 2004-11-24 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Kolonnensystem und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
US20040255450A1 (en) * 2003-04-30 2004-12-23 Stefan Wilhelm Column system and process for producing same
US7231785B2 (en) 2003-04-30 2007-06-19 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Column system and process for producing same
US20080237240A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2008-10-02 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg Modular Container for Cryogenic Liquids
US20100154926A1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-06-24 Brewer Jack G Load line connection spillage container
US7673658B1 (en) 2008-10-28 2010-03-09 Brewer Jack G Load line connection spillage container
US7921884B2 (en) 2008-10-28 2011-04-12 Anti-Pollution Technology, L.P. Load line connection spillage container
US9151428B2 (en) 2008-10-28 2015-10-06 Anti-Pollution Technology, L.P. Load line connection spillage container
US20140137782A1 (en) * 2011-05-25 2014-05-22 Samsung Heavy Ind. Co., Ltd. Storage tank for liquified materials and ship comprising same
EP2716538A4 (de) * 2011-05-25 2015-12-09 Samsung Heavy Ind Speicherbehälter für verflüssigte materialien und schiff damit
US9234629B2 (en) * 2011-05-25 2016-01-12 Samsung Heavy Ind. Co., Ltd. Storage tank for liquified materials and ship comprising same
US20160138760A1 (en) * 2013-06-19 2016-05-19 Dong Xiang High Purity Phosphorus Oxychloride Safe Feeding System
US9890903B2 (en) * 2013-06-19 2018-02-13 Dong Xiang High purity phosphorus oxychloride safe feeding system
CN106015934A (zh) * 2016-06-22 2016-10-12 陈玲玲 一种防煤气泄漏智能装置
US10914518B2 (en) * 2017-04-12 2021-02-09 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Apparatus for distillation at cryogenic temperatures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE607357A (de) 1900-01-01
NL268746A (de) 1900-01-01
DE1292459B (de) 1969-04-10
GB919755A (en) 1963-02-27

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