US3103407A - Process of drawing melt spun polyester yarns - Google Patents

Process of drawing melt spun polyester yarns Download PDF

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Publication number
US3103407A
US3103407A US3103407DA US3103407A US 3103407 A US3103407 A US 3103407A US 3103407D A US3103407D A US 3103407DA US 3103407 A US3103407 A US 3103407A
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denier
yarn
yarns
draw
drawn
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/224—Selection or control of the temperature during stretching

Definitions

  • the yarn is either collected on to bobbins or crimped and cut to provide staple fibres.
  • One of the most frequently used and popular drawing processes of the prior art comprises a set of feed rolls, a heated pin and a hot plate, a set of draw rolls and a ring and traveller winding system.
  • This process it has been possible to manufacture useful textile yarns with a tenacity of 4-5 grams/ denier.
  • Yarns with a usefully higher tenacity of over 6 grams per denier can be produced bya modification to'the above process whereby the spun yarn is fed around a heated pin to a draw roll and thence over a heated plate to a second draw roll with a peripheral speed greater than that of the first draw roll.
  • the overall draw ratio between the feed roll and the second draw roll required to give the desired properties may be of the order of 6:1 and the intermediate draw ratio of about 4:1.
  • the draw ratio is about 4:1 and it is used to produce medium tenacity continuous filament yarns with deniers up to about 200 or staple fibres, for apparel purposes.
  • the second process known as two stage draw is used primarily for industrial outlets such as ropes or tyre cords manufactured as continuous filamentyarns with deniers in the range 25010,000.
  • the higher tenacity yarns may also be produced by a single stage pin/plate drawing process by increasing the draw ratio and heating (the yarn further by increasing the arc of contact around the pin. To give the desired properties a draw ratio of up to 5:1 may be required.
  • polyethylene terephthalate the two stage drawing process tends to cause lappingon the final draw roll when the draw ratio is high enough to give a tenacity of over 7 grams per denier, and with both processes the hot pin surface wears away rapidly causing broken filaments within the yarn, unless the draw speed is limited.
  • 1000 denier yarn with a tenacity of about 7.5 grams per denier can be produced only at about 500 ft. per minute even using a yarn preheater plate, followed by two hot pins and a hot plate.
  • Patented Sept. 10, 1963 In the production of high tenacity polypropylene yarns of about 1000 drawn denier the process requiresat' least two and preferably four hot pins followed by a hot plate, and the wear on the pin surfaces is excessive.
  • The. heating zone located after the feed roll may comprise any suitable device and we have found that a heated metal plate is very suitable.
  • one feed roll only and this is associated with a skewed idler roll so that two or more turns of yarn may be wound around it.
  • the drawing illustrates one preferred form of the equipment for carrying out the process of ourinven tion.
  • Melt spun yarn from a suitable source (not shown) is led to and around a heated feed roll 1 and an associated skewed idler roll 2. From these rolls the yarn is passed over a heated metal plate 3 to a second set of draw and skewed idler rolls 4 and 5.
  • the draw roll 4 is rotated at a higher speed than the feed roll 1 in order that the yarn may be stretched. From the draw roll 4 the yarn is passed to a suitable collecting means (not shown). Means (not shown) for measuring and controlling the temperatures of the heated roll 1 and V the heated plate 3 are also incorporated.
  • the process of our invention may be used for produc ing drawn melt spun yarns of high tenacity, from suitable polyesters.
  • high tenacity we mean yarns with a tenacity greater than 6 grams per denier.
  • the feed roll temperature should be within the range C. to 90 C.-' and the heating zone temperature should be within the range of 160 to 200 C.
  • the feed roll temperature should be between C. and C. and the temperature of the heating zone should be'between 185C. and 195 C.
  • the temperature of the heated feed roll should be within the range 60 C.- 75 C. and preferably within the range 65 C. to 70 C.
  • the temperature of the heating zone should bewithin the range C.200 C. and preferably within the range C. to C.
  • High tenacity polyester yarns as described above may suitably be made from polyethylene terephthalates.
  • a drawn yarn of 140 denier 3 In the production of medium tenacity polyester yarns as hereinbefore described we have found that the temperature ot the heated feed roll should be within the range 90 C.l C. and the temperature of the heating zone should be within the range 160 C.-180 C. and preferably the temperature of the heating zone should .be within the range 170175 C.
  • the process of our invention is also suitable for producing high tenacity yarns from stereo regular polyolefines within the denier range 20 to 2000 and as with the polyester yarns the precise conditions vary slightly with yarn denier.
  • the temperature of the heated feed roll should be within the range 75 C. to 90 C. and the temperature of the heating zone should be within the range-135 C.145 C.
  • the feed roll temperatures should be within the range 80 C. to 85 C.
  • the temperature of the heating zone should be within the range 135 C. to 145 C.
  • the feed roll should be heated within the range 65 C. to 75 C. and the heating zone should be within the range 135 C. to 145 C.
  • Any suitable stereo regular polyolefine may be used and we have found that isotactic polypropylene is very suitable.
  • the process of our present invention may be used to make filaments from any suitable synthetic polymers.
  • polyesters and copolyesters such as the condensation products of ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol with a mixture of terephthalic/ 5 (sodium sulpho) isophthalic acids, ethylene glycol with a mixture of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acids, ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid and another dibasic acid such as sebacic or adipic acid,
  • polyesters of terephthalic acid with a glycol other than ethylene glycol polyolefines such .as stereo regular polypropylene and polyamides such as poly hexamethylene adipamide.
  • Example 1 A. 4000 denier spun yarn of birefringence 52x10" and intrinsic viscosity of 0.72 was drawn at a draw ratio of 4.63:.1 around a pin at 100 C. and over a plate at 200 C. at a speed of 500 ft. per minute to give a yarn of 7.5 grams per denier. At draw speeds greater than this lapping occurred on the draw roll and at a draw speed of 1000 ft. per minute it was not possible to operate the process because of severe lapping.
  • Example 2 A 70 denier medium tenacity yarn when produced by drawing on a pin/ plate system and woven into a fabric and dyed showed a pronounced stripiness when the wind up speed was above 1500 ft. per minute.
  • Example 3 A spun yarn of polyethylene terephthalate with a denier of 5,600 was drawn around a hot pin at 110 C. and over a hot plate at 185 C. at a speed of 500 ft. per minute to give a yarn with a tenacity of 7.5 gm./denier. Draw speeds greater than this could only be achieved in a conventionalmanner (without very heavy lapping) 4 by using a preheater plate at 75 0., two hot pins at 110 C. and a hot plate at 185 C. However, by using a hot driven feed roll at 70 C. followed by a hot plate at 185 C. a draw speed of 1000 ft/min. could readily be achieved without serious lapping.
  • Example 4 A polypropylene yarn of spun denier about 8000 was drawn over a system involving 4 hot pins, the first two at C. and the second and third at C. and C. respectively and a hot plate at 145 C. at a speed of 500 ft./min. to give a yarn with a tenacity of 8.4 gm./ denier and an extension of 20.4%. Using a single driven hot feed roll at 75 C. followed by a hot plate at 145 C. a drawn yarn with a tenacity of 9.09 gm./ denier and an extension of 20.4% was obtained.
  • Example 5 Spun yarn with a denier of 1100 was drawn around a driven hot feed roll at 80 C. and over a hot plate at 185 C. at a draw speed of 1300 ft./min. to give a yarn with a tenacity of 7.6 gm./denier.
  • Using the pin/plate drawing sequence yarn of a similar denier was drawn to a tenacity of 6.8 gm./denier at a speed of only about 600 ft./min.
  • the number of laps per pound produced by the yarn drawn over the pin and plate was three times greater than that drawn over the heated feed roll.
  • Example 6 A melt spun yarn of polyethylene terephthalate of approximately denier was drawn at a draw ratio of 3.3:1 over a pin/plate system at a maximum speed of 2000v ft. per minute to give a good quality stripe free medium tenacity yarn with trouble free running. At speeds greater than this, bad lapping on the hot pin and draw rolls occurred. The same yarn when drawn using a heated feed roll at 98 C. and a plate at 175 C. gave a good quality yarn at a speed of 2800 ft. per minute.
  • Example 7 Using a pin/plate drawing process a good quality 70 denier 1.2 d.p.f. yarn of polyethylene terephthalate was drawn from spun yarn of 230 denier at a speed of 1000 feet per minute. At dnaw speeds greater than this, loopy yarn of poor quality was produced.
  • Example 8 Using a pin/plate drawing process we have not been 'able to produce good quality yarns of denier with a d.p.f. less than 1.5 from melt spun yarns of poly ethylene terephthalate. However, a melt spun polyethylene terephthalate yarn of 460 denier was drawn over a heated feed roll at 95 C. and a heated plate at 173 C. at a speed of 1100 feet per minute to give good quality drawn yarn of 140 denier and 1.3 d'.p.f.
  • a process for producing drawn melt spun polyester yarns of a drawn denier between 20 and 2000 and tenacity greater than 6 grams per denier which process includes drawing the yarn around a set of feed rolls and a set of draw rolls, the improvement comprising heating at least one feed roll to between 60 C. and 90 C., providing a heating zone of between C. and 200 C. between the feed rolls and the draw rolls and providing a skewed idler roll for each heated feed roll.
  • a process for producing drawn melt spun polyester yarns of a tenacity less than 6 grams per ldCIIieI' which process includes drawing the yarn around a set'of feed rolls and a set of draw rolls, the improvement comprising heating at least one feed roll to between 90 C. and 100 -C., providing a heating zone of between 160 C.
  • melt spun yarns are composed of fibers selected from the 'group consisting of polyesters, stereoregular polyolefines and polyamides.
  • A- process according to claim 4 wherein the fiber is polyethylene terephthalate.
  • a process for producing melt spun yarns of a drawn denier between 20 and 2000, the fibers of which are selected from the group (consisting of polyesters having ester linkages as an integral part of the main chain, stereoreg-ular polyolefines andl polyamides comprising: feeding the yarn with a feed roll and an associated skewed idler roll, said feed roll being heated to a temperature of 60 C. C.; heating the yarn in a heating zone which is maintained at a temperature of C.-200 C.; and drawing off the yarn with a draw roll which is rotated at a greater speed than the feed roll.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US3103407D 1959-11-25 Process of drawing melt spun polyester yarns Expired - Lifetime US3103407A (en)

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GB39997/59A GB933103A (en) 1959-11-25 1959-11-25 Heat-treatment of synthetic yarns

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GB (1) GB933103A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL258099A (en, 2012)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3229015A (en) * 1961-08-09 1966-01-11 Farbweke Hoechst Ag Vormals Me Process for drawing a synthetic linear polymer thread
US3305924A (en) * 1964-11-05 1967-02-28 Frank S Caravella Can piercing device
US3330897A (en) * 1961-02-07 1967-07-11 Chemcell 1963 Ltd Production of fibers of improved elastic recovery
US3459845A (en) * 1965-09-16 1969-08-05 Du Pont Process for producing polyamide staple fibers
US3671623A (en) * 1967-08-07 1972-06-20 Teijin Ltd Method of drawing and heat treating synthetic filaments
US5783127A (en) * 1995-07-19 1998-07-21 Barmag Ag Method for spinning a synthetic yarn

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2289232A (en) * 1939-07-14 1942-07-07 Du Pont Method and apparatus for producing filamentary structures
US2533013A (en) * 1949-04-27 1950-12-05 Du Pont Method and apparatus for the twostage draw of synthetic funicular structures
US2596128A (en) * 1949-10-17 1952-05-13 Chavannes Synthetic Fibres Inc Method and apparatus for producing fine fibers
US2768057A (en) * 1950-02-08 1956-10-23 Phrix Werke Ag Drawing of organic high polymers
US2778058A (en) * 1950-01-11 1957-01-22 Inventa Ag Filament stretching apparatus
US3001236A (en) * 1957-07-26 1961-09-26 Bayer Ag Hot stretching of polyacrylonitrile yarns with draw point located on feed roller

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2289232A (en) * 1939-07-14 1942-07-07 Du Pont Method and apparatus for producing filamentary structures
US2533013A (en) * 1949-04-27 1950-12-05 Du Pont Method and apparatus for the twostage draw of synthetic funicular structures
US2596128A (en) * 1949-10-17 1952-05-13 Chavannes Synthetic Fibres Inc Method and apparatus for producing fine fibers
US2778058A (en) * 1950-01-11 1957-01-22 Inventa Ag Filament stretching apparatus
US2768057A (en) * 1950-02-08 1956-10-23 Phrix Werke Ag Drawing of organic high polymers
US3001236A (en) * 1957-07-26 1961-09-26 Bayer Ag Hot stretching of polyacrylonitrile yarns with draw point located on feed roller

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3330897A (en) * 1961-02-07 1967-07-11 Chemcell 1963 Ltd Production of fibers of improved elastic recovery
US3229015A (en) * 1961-08-09 1966-01-11 Farbweke Hoechst Ag Vormals Me Process for drawing a synthetic linear polymer thread
US3305924A (en) * 1964-11-05 1967-02-28 Frank S Caravella Can piercing device
US3459845A (en) * 1965-09-16 1969-08-05 Du Pont Process for producing polyamide staple fibers
US3671623A (en) * 1967-08-07 1972-06-20 Teijin Ltd Method of drawing and heat treating synthetic filaments
US5783127A (en) * 1995-07-19 1998-07-21 Barmag Ag Method for spinning a synthetic yarn
US6012912A (en) * 1995-07-19 2000-01-11 Barmag Ag Apparatus for spinning a synthetic yarn

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NL258099A (en, 2012)

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