US3095107A - Stabilization means for storage tanks - Google Patents

Stabilization means for storage tanks Download PDF

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Publication number
US3095107A
US3095107A US96120A US9612061A US3095107A US 3095107 A US3095107 A US 3095107A US 96120 A US96120 A US 96120A US 9612061 A US9612061 A US 9612061A US 3095107 A US3095107 A US 3095107A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
key
container
tank
keyway
ship
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US96120A
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English (en)
Inventor
Heinrich W Bergmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Conch International Methane Ltd
Original Assignee
Conch International Methane Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE615094D priority Critical patent/BE615094A/xx
Priority to FR1317676D priority patent/FR1317676A/fr
Priority to NL275919D priority patent/NL275919A/xx
Priority to US96120A priority patent/US3095107A/en
Application filed by Conch International Methane Ltd filed Critical Conch International Methane Ltd
Priority to GB3436/62A priority patent/GB945623A/en
Priority to NL62275919A priority patent/NL144536B/xx
Priority to DK102262AA priority patent/DK118961B/da
Priority to ES0275464A priority patent/ES275464A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3095107A publication Critical patent/US3095107A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/082—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the storage and transportation of liquid having a temperature differing Widely from ambient temperature and it relates more particularly to the over-water transportation of a low boiling liquefied gas, such as liquefied natural gas.
  • the invention will be described with reference to the storage of large volumes of gas in a liquefied state for ship or over-water transportation of the natural gas from a source of plentiful supply to an area where a deficiency exists. It will be understood that the concepts of this invention will have application also to the storage and transportation of other loW boiling liquefied gases or liquids maintained at an extremely cold temperature and that the concepts of this invention are applicable also to other means of transportation in which the storage container might be subject to rocking, rolling or pitching movements, in addition to the expansions and contractions due to temperature change.
  • vFor the storage and transportation of natural gas in large quantities it is desirable, from the standpoint of space utilization, to reduce the gas to a liquefied state whereby it is reduced about 60G-fold in volume. It is also desirable to house the liqueiied gas in containers of large capacity with the result that it becomes impractical to consider storage under pressure conditions departing Widely from atmospheric pressure. Under such circumstances, the liquefied gas will 4be maintained in the storage container at about atmospheric pressure, which, for liquefied natural gas composed mostly of methane, will mean storage at a temperature of about --248 F. to about 258 F., depending upon the amount of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons present in the liqueed natural gas.
  • the storage tank is exposed to extremely wide temperature ⁇ change in use which, in the storage and transportation of liquefied natural gas, may range from about - ⁇ -l F. during installation or -When the tank is empty to a temperature of about 258 F., when the tank is :filled with liquid cargo.
  • the tanks are fabricated of a metal which is relatively insensitive to the temperature change, such as aluminum or alloys of aluminum, stainless or the like high nickel steels, copper, brass, etc., a rather wide change in dimension of the tank will take place by reasons of expansions and contractions due to temperature change. In a storage tank with a length of about 100 feet, a change of 3 or more inches in any direction can occur.
  • the tanke cannot be rigidly tied into the ship structure which is not subjected to the same change in dimension. Instead, it becomes necessary to support the tank within the thermally insulated space in a manner which -Will enable the tank yfreely to expand and contract relative to the ship structure.
  • it is undesirable to allow the tank to move from a stabilized position, for example, in response to the pitching and rolling movements of the ship, otherwise uncontrolled forces will be developed which might lead to the development of undesirable and dangerous conditions.
  • FIG. l is a schematic sectional elevational view of a ship, in which a number of storage tanks of large capacity are mounted in accordance with the practice of this invention within the hold space of the ship;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional elevational view taken along the line 2-2 0f -FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view partially in section of the bottom side of a tank and supporting flooring with the elements shown in their separated relationship and embodying the features of this invention
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional View of the tank in its mounted relationship on the supporting ooring in a bottom sta- -bilized position;
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view partially in a section of a modification in the key construction
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional elevational view showing a further modification in the key construction
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional elevational view similar to that of FIG. 6 showing a still further modification in the key construction.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view partially in section of a further modification in the key construction.
  • the numeral 10 represents a ship having a hull structure formed of an outer steel hull 12 and an inner steel hull 14 spaced a short distance from the outer hull and interconnected therewith periodically to provide a sealed space in between deiining wing tanks 16 for ballast of the ship and for circulation of water or the like therethrough to control the temperature of the walls forming the inner hull thereby to .protect the outer hull in the event of escape of cold liquid to the walls of the inner hull.
  • the inner hull represents a preferred construction but it is not essential and thus reference which will hereinafter be made to the hull structure will include a single hull as well Vas a double hull of the type described.
  • Coiferdams 1S which extend crosswise of the ship beytween the hull structure subdivide the hold space of the ship into a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart separated hold compartments 20.
  • a relatively thick layer 22 of thermal insulating material is applied as a lining to the side walls of the compartments and as a flooring 24 on the bottom wall to insulate the hold space.
  • Mounted within the insulated hold space are one or more tanks 26 of large capacity for housing the liqueed natural gas or other extremely cold liquid.
  • Such storage tank or tanks may be of rectangular shape for fuller utilization of the space available -in the insulated hold of the ship or they may be of other coniigurations in crosssection but usually they will be formed with a relatively flat bottom wall 28 so that the bottom wall can rest on the insulated flooring 24.
  • the tanks of this invention are tanks having suflicient wall thickness and strength for self-sul'ciency under load and they will be formed of a temperature insensitive, structurally strong material which does not experience excessive loss in strength Vor ductility when reduced to low temperature.
  • the Itank will be tted with the usual connections such as inlet pipes 30 for filling, outlet pipes 32 for the removal of liquid cargo, pressure relief valves 34 and the like gauges for the control of fluid flow, fluid levels and pressures within the tank.
  • inlet pipes 30 for filling
  • outlet pipes 32 for the removal of liquid cargo
  • pressure relief valves 34 and the like gauges for the control of fluid flow, fluid levels and pressures within the tank.
  • iittings will extend into the tank through a trunk 36 which projects upwardly from about the central portion of the tank through an aligned opening 38 in the deck 40 of the ship to a point above the deck where access can be had to the iittings.
  • the insulating oor 24 on which the tank rests is formed of -a relatively thick layer of a structurally strong and dimensionally stable thermal insulating material.
  • such flooring is constructed of a relatively thick layer of balsa wood having a relatively flat top ply 42 of hardwood to more or less protect the softer and more porous balsa wood from the forces and impacts to which it might otherwise be subjected during installation of the tank or during use.
  • an elongated key 44 Fixed to the top surface of the hardwood layer is an elongated key 44 which extends lengthwise of the storage space, preferably in lengthwise alignment with about the center Vof the tank adapted to rest upon the supporting ooring.
  • the key is formed of hardwood sections with the grain of Athe Wood in the lower and thinner section 46 extending lengthwise of the key and with the grain of the wood forming the upper and thicker of the sections 48 extending crosswise of the key and in the direction of the more substantially rolling movements of the ship.
  • the key 44 is a continuous key as long as or substantially as long as the tank.
  • the floor 24 may be formed with 4thin scabs between modular panels whereby it becomes impractical to construct the hardwood key describedras a continuous key having a length corresponding tothe length of Ithe tank.
  • the key 44 may be fabricated of a plurality of shorter key segments 60 spaced lengthwise one from the other to provide an open space .62. therebetween across which Vthe scabs may extend.
  • a metal sheath 70 see FG. 8
  • the bottom 28 of the tank is provided with a keyway 5t) adapted to engage the key in fitting relationship therein, preferably without the key extending entirely into the keyway and without the keyway coming to rest upon the hardwood layer 42 on the oor.
  • the bottom wall of the tank is provided with a pair of elongated angle irons 52 and 54 secured to the bottom side of the tank with the upright portions 56 spaced cross- Wise one from the other by a distance corresponding to the width of the oor key 44 so as Ito receive a portion of the key in sliding relationship therebetween.
  • the upright portions 56 of the angle irons extend downwardly for a distance substantially corresponding to the thickness 0f the key to receive a major portion of the key therebetween when the tank is properly positioned on the supporting ooring.
  • the load is taken od of the key and keyway construction by a pad 58 of dimensionally stable material interposed between the bottom wall 28 of the tank and the top surface 4Z of the supporting flooring beyond the key and keyway construction.
  • Such pad which may be formed of balsa wood is dimensioned to have a thickness slightly greater than the thickness of the key and also slightly greater than the depth of the keyway so that the pad and flooring will carry the entire weight of the tank while the key and keyway will carry loads having a crosswise direction other than those which had been dissipated by the frictional resistance to relative movement available over the substantial area of contact -between the bottom of the tank and its supporting surfaces. It is possible to line the inner surfaces of the upright portions 56 of the metal angle irons with a butter material, such as wood, in order more uniformly to distribute the crosswise loads.
  • a butter material such as wood
  • a key dimensioned to have a width within the range of l2 to 24 inches and a height of -about 2 inches will be formed with the lengthwise grained portions 46 about ⁇ 1/2 inch in thickness and with lthe crosswise grained portion 48 of about l1/z inches in thickness.
  • the depth of the key Sti will also correspond to about 2 inches and the pad 58 located between the flooring and the bottom wall of the tank will be dimensioned to be about 2.1/2 inches whereby to space the upper end of the key about 1/z inch from the bottom wall of the -tank and to space the far ends of the keyway about 1/2 inch from the hardwood flooring. It will be understood that the dimensional characteristics can be varied aswell as the relative position of the longitudinally grained and crosswise ⁇ grained portions making up the key.
  • the assembly to eect a tting relationship between the key and keyway, without exposing the keys to destructive unbalanced forces which might become possible when considerable play exists between the lateral edges of the key and the corresponding surfaces of the keyway, can be beneiited greatly by a modification in the construction of the continuousand preferably the keys formed of discontinuous but aligned segments.
  • Such modication illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, include side panels 66 fixed to the lateral edges of the key segments 60 to function as rupturable load bearing elements.
  • the segments are deemed to have a thickness greater than the difference between the width of the key and the keyway so that the segments will extend laterally from the key members to a point beyond the upright members deiining the keyways.
  • Such additional side panels are selected of structural materials which are easily rupturable along the lines of force applied vertically but which are capable of retaining the forces applied laterally.
  • Suitable material is available commerciaily as Panelyte marketed by the St. Regis Paper Company.
  • Such material comprises a plurality of fibrous sheets of paper, etc. arranged in parallel relationship and laminated into a composite structure with a relatively high percentage of a somewhat brittle resin, such as phenol formaldehyde resin, urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, and the like.
  • the extensions 67 are of such dimension as to require the keyway members to cut into the extensions during installation, it will be apparent that no uncontrolled or otherwise destructive movements will be permitted.
  • the key extensions will be cut by the keyway to provide a snug tting relationship between the key- Way and the key elements disposed therebetween.
  • the key and keyway construction is preferably located along the center line of the tank whereby the expansion and contraction movements of the tank will take place with reference to the stabilized center line. It will be understood, however, that the key and keyway means for stabilization can be located other than along the center line of the tank to define the reference point from which expansion and contraction movements occur.
  • Such reference point can also be embodied, if desired, in the longitudinally extending key and keyway by iixing an abutment to confront a crosswise extending portion of the key or by dropping the ends of the keyway slightly beyond the ends of the key to confine the ends of the key whereby the key can shift only a limited distance within the keyway.
  • top stabilization It is also desirable to stabilize the position of the tank at the top to minimize rocking movement of the tank responsive to rolling movement of the ship.
  • Various means for top stabilization have been developed, one of which is illustrated in FIG. 2 and is more fully described in my copending application tiled concurrently herewith and entitled Stabilization Means for Tank Mounting.
  • Other techniques are described in the Farrell et al. Patent No. 2,954,003, the copending application of Murphy, Ser. No. 71,085, filed November 22, 1960, now abandoned, entitled Tank Construction for Storage of Cold Material, and the copending application of Beam, Ser. No. 744,225,
  • a container of large capacity having a relatively flat bottom
  • means for mounting said container within a supporting structure in a manner to stabilize the position of the container within the supporting structure while permitting free expansion and contraction due to temperature change comprising a iiooring forming a part of the supporting structure having a relatively ilat top surface upon which the container rests, an elongated key member extending upwardly from the surface of the floor to extend lengthwise of the container, a pair of elongated members secured to the bottom of the container in alignment with the key member and spaced one from the other laterally by an amount corresponding to the width of said key member to form a keyway dimensioned slidably to receive the key member therebetween when the container is properly positioned within the supporting structure, and a spacer between the bottom wall of the container and the supporting floor dimensioned to have a thickness greater than the maximum thickness of any one of the members including the key and keyway but less than the sum of the
  • means for mounting said container within an insul-ated structure in a manner to stabilize the position of the tank within the insulated structure while permitting free expansion and contraction comprising a flooring Iforming a part of the insulated structure upon which the t-ank rests, an elongated key extending upwardly from the surface of the floor in lengthwise alignment -with the container, a pair of elongated angle members fixed to the bottom side of the bottom wall of the tank and spaced one yfrom the other laterally 'by an amount corresponding to the width of the key member -to dene a keyway dimensioned slidably to receive the key member therein when the tank is properly positioned within the insulated structure, a pad positioned between the bottom wall of the tank and the floor and having a thickness greater than the maximum thickness ⁇ of any one of the
  • a structure as claimed in cl-aim 3 in which the key comprises a wooden laminate having one layer with the wood grain extending in the crosswise direction ⁇ and another layer with the wood grain extending in the lengthwise direction, said one layel being of greater thickness than the other layer.
  • a system as ⁇ claimed in claim 2 in which the pad disposed Ibetween the bottom wall rand the floor comprises a balsa Wood layer which extends substantially continuously ibetween the at bottom wall of the tank ⁇ and the ⁇ relative top surface of the floor other than Within the key and keyway portion.
  • a system as claimed in Iclaim 2 which includes members extending laterally from the sides of the key formed lbetween the width of the key and width of the keyway thereby -to project in the path of the keyway upon insertion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
US96120A 1961-03-16 1961-03-16 Stabilization means for storage tanks Expired - Lifetime US3095107A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE615094D BE615094A (de) 1961-03-16
FR1317676D FR1317676A (de) 1961-03-16
NL275919D NL275919A (de) 1961-03-16
US96120A US3095107A (en) 1961-03-16 1961-03-16 Stabilization means for storage tanks
GB3436/62A GB945623A (en) 1961-03-16 1962-01-30 Stabilisation means for storage tanks
NL62275919A NL144536B (nl) 1961-03-16 1962-03-04 Inrichting voor opslag en/of vervoer van vloeistof met een van die der omgeving sterk afwijkende temperatuur.
DK102262AA DK118961B (da) 1961-03-16 1962-03-05 Beholderkonstruktion til væsker, der har en temperatur, som afviger stærkt fra atmosfærens temperatur, f. eks. fordråbet naturgas.
ES0275464A ES275464A1 (es) 1961-03-16 1962-03-14 Perfeccionamientos en dispositivos para almacenar y transportar materiales a temperatura muy diferente de la ambiente

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US96120A US3095107A (en) 1961-03-16 1961-03-16 Stabilization means for storage tanks

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3095107A true US3095107A (en) 1963-06-25

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US96120A Expired - Lifetime US3095107A (en) 1961-03-16 1961-03-16 Stabilization means for storage tanks

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3095107A (de)
BE (1) BE615094A (de)
DK (1) DK118961B (de)
ES (1) ES275464A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1317676A (de)
GB (1) GB945623A (de)
NL (2) NL144536B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206057A (en) * 1962-07-24 1965-09-14 Shell Oil Co Supported liquefied gas storage tank
US3305122A (en) * 1964-09-04 1967-02-21 Exxon Research Engineering Co Keyed cargo container
US4099649A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-07-11 Gaz-Transport Apparatus for transporting fluids at low temperature
WO2012139599A1 (de) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Nordic Yards Wismar Gmbh Lageranordnung an einem selbsttragenden tank für kalte oder kryogene flüssigkeiten
CN109080776A (zh) * 2018-09-13 2018-12-25 海南大学 一种液舱中液体晃荡的制荡装置及液舱
CN113955019A (zh) * 2021-12-07 2022-01-21 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 一种菱形液舱的顶部防横摇结构

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB667215A (en) * 1949-03-30 1952-02-27 Hodges Res & Dev Co Improvements in or relating to a portable van unit
US2905352A (en) * 1958-06-24 1959-09-22 Constock Int Methane Ltd Storage tank and means for support of same
FR1230091A (fr) * 1959-06-02 1960-09-13 Anciens Chantiers Dubigeon Sa Procédés pour assurer l'installation à bord d'un navire, de réservoirs contenantdes hydrocarbures liquéfiés à basse température

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB667215A (en) * 1949-03-30 1952-02-27 Hodges Res & Dev Co Improvements in or relating to a portable van unit
US2905352A (en) * 1958-06-24 1959-09-22 Constock Int Methane Ltd Storage tank and means for support of same
FR1230091A (fr) * 1959-06-02 1960-09-13 Anciens Chantiers Dubigeon Sa Procédés pour assurer l'installation à bord d'un navire, de réservoirs contenantdes hydrocarbures liquéfiés à basse température

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206057A (en) * 1962-07-24 1965-09-14 Shell Oil Co Supported liquefied gas storage tank
US3305122A (en) * 1964-09-04 1967-02-21 Exxon Research Engineering Co Keyed cargo container
US4099649A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-07-11 Gaz-Transport Apparatus for transporting fluids at low temperature
WO2012139599A1 (de) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Nordic Yards Wismar Gmbh Lageranordnung an einem selbsttragenden tank für kalte oder kryogene flüssigkeiten
CN109080776A (zh) * 2018-09-13 2018-12-25 海南大学 一种液舱中液体晃荡的制荡装置及液舱
CN113955019A (zh) * 2021-12-07 2022-01-21 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 一种菱形液舱的顶部防横摇结构
CN113955019B (zh) * 2021-12-07 2022-09-16 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 一种菱形液舱的顶部防横摇结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB945623A (en) 1964-01-02
NL275919A (de)
FR1317676A (de) 1963-05-10
BE615094A (de)
ES275464A1 (es) 1962-05-16
NL144536B (nl) 1975-01-15
DK118961B (da) 1970-10-26

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