US3090077A - Drawing of synthetic polymers - Google Patents

Drawing of synthetic polymers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3090077A
US3090077A US6786A US678660A US3090077A US 3090077 A US3090077 A US 3090077A US 6786 A US6786 A US 6786A US 678660 A US678660 A US 678660A US 3090077 A US3090077 A US 3090077A
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United States
Prior art keywords
roll
yarn
draw
feed
feed roll
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Expired - Lifetime
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US6786A
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English (en)
Inventor
Abbott Mark
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PPG Architectural Coatings Canada Inc
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Canadian Industries Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/224—Selection or control of the temperature during stretching
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/225—Mechanical characteristics of stretching apparatus

Definitions

  • 'Filament yarn made from synthetic linear polymers, such as polyethylene terephthalates is produced by spinning the molten polymer and then subjecting the filaments so produced to a stretching process to increase, inter alia, their tensile strength, and so provide an article useful in the textile industry.
  • the stretching process commonly referred to as drawing, requires, in the case of the above mentioned polyesters, the application of heat to the yarn for satisfactory drawing.
  • One way of drawing the yarn is to feed it from a feed roll, at a given rate, to a heated rod (snubbing pin). During its passage around the pin the yarn undergoes a continuous stretching operation. The tension required for the stretching operation is maintained by winding the yarn by means of a draw roll rotating at a faster peripheral speed than the feed roll.
  • a process for not-drawing filamentary synthetic linear polymers which comprises passing repeatedly the filamentary material around a heated feed roll, thereafter passing the filamentary material over an idler roll and then repeatedly around a heated draw roll arranged coaxially with the feed roll and revolving at a faster peripheral speed than the feed roll, and finally winding up the yarn so drawn.
  • the filamentary material may be passed repeatedly around the feed roll and the draw roll easily it has been found most convenient to associate with each of these rolls a separator roll.
  • This arrangement ensures that the yarn does not contact any stationary surfaces during the drawing operation and thus eliminates 3,%,077 Patented May 21, 1963 ice abrasion. Nevertheless, it may under certain conditions still be desirable to replace the separator roll associated with the feed roll by a stationary cold rod of suitable material. Moreover, it may for certain purposes still be found desirable to use a heated plate, and such a plate may be used in substitution of, or in addition to, the separator roll associated with the draw roll.
  • a heated plate at say a temperature between 150 and 190 C.
  • the tenacity of especially polyethylene terephthalate filamentary material is improved, but this advantage must be viewed against the abrasion which occurs when the material contacts the stationary surface of the heated plate.
  • the feed and draw rolls be made from a single piece of heat-conductive material, such as steel, and the unit so obtained is hereinafter referred to as a Uniroll.
  • a Uniroll would, therefore, consist of a feed roll of small diameter, conveniently between 2 and 5 cms., projecting coaxially from the draw roll of larger diameter, conveniently between 6 and 30 cms.
  • the feed roll and draw roll can, of course, be made separately.
  • the Uniroll may have a single heater fitted in the feed roll, it may have a single heater fitted in the draw roll, or it may have separate heaters fitted within the feed roll and within the draw roll.
  • the surface of the draw roll is maintained at a higher temperature than the surface of the feed roll.
  • a single heater such as an electric element
  • thermoelectric control can be achieved by the use of thermistors embedded beneath the surface of the rolls in conjunction with common thermistor control units. If a single heater is employed, it is necessary only to control the surface temperature of the draw roll since, by design, the temperature gradient between the draw roll and the feed roll can be made sufficiently stable to ensure that the temperature of the feed roll surface is acceptable.
  • the thermistors may be connected through slip rings to the control circuit.
  • the heating arrangement may be stationary or may be designed to rotate with the Uniroll by means of, for example, the use of slip rings.
  • the properties of the filamentary material produced may be varied over a wide range by adjusting the temperatures and/ or the drawspeed and also by altering the string-up arrangements which determine the time of contact of the filamentary material with the heated rolls. Also, by varying the tension of the filamentary material as it finally leaves the draw roll, the physical properties of the filamentary material such as its residual shrinkage and tensile properties may be Varied widely.
  • a Uniroll according to the present invention is likely to be most useful in the manufacture of drawn yarns having deniers within the range of from 15 to 1100 and with drawing speeds up to 1500 metres/min. Any draw ratio customarily used for the drawing of yarns made of synthetic linear polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate may be used. The preferred draw ratios are in the range 3.6:1 to 4.4:1. It will, however, be appreciated that the draw ratio of a Uniroll is fixed by the ratio of the diameter of the draw roll to that of the feed roll.
  • Undrawn yarn (Y unwinds freely from a bobbin and passes through a suitable tensioning device (not shown) to the heated feed roll (F).
  • the yarn is passed around the feed roll and the separator roll (I several times and is then passed to the heated draw roll (D) via idler roll (1 After passing around the draw roll (D) and the separator roll (I several times the drawn yarn (Y is taken up on a suitable wind-up device (not shown).
  • the temperatures of the feed roll (F) and the draw roll (D) may be any temperature known to be suitable for the yarn to be drawn. In the case of polyethylene terephthalate filaments, best results are generally obtained by maintaining the surface of the draw roll at a temperature between 120 and 150 C. and that of the feed roll at a temperature between '80 and 110 C.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A ISS-denier, 24-filament yarn was passed four times around a feed roll heated to a temperature of 90 C. and its associated separator roll.
  • the feed roll was 2.75 cms. in diameter and was an integral part of a Uniroll consisting of coaxial draw and feed rolls having a ratio of diameters of 3:65.
  • the feed and draw rolls were heated indepently and the temperature of their surfaces was measured with thermistors embedded beneath their respective surfaces. Conduction between the two rolls was minimized by suitable design of a flange connecting the two rolls.
  • Th cheaters rotated with the rolls and were supplied with current through slip rings. Slip rings were also used in the thermistor control circuits.
  • the yarn from the feed roll was passed via an idler roll, situated approx'mately 25 cms. below the feed roll, to the draw roll. After passing around the draw roll and its associated separator roll four times the yarn was wound up on a conventional down-twister spindle.
  • the draw roll surface was controlled at 140 C. and its peripheral speed was 600 metres per minute.
  • Yarn drawn in this way was found to have a denier of 50 corresponding to the imposed draw ratio of 3.65, a tenacity of 5.1 grams per denier, elongation to break of 32% and shrinkage in boiling water of 4.5%.
  • the yarn so drawn was substantially free of defects such as broken filaments, loops and undrawn yarn.
  • Undrawn yarn similar to that described in the above Example 1 was drawn on the equipment also described in Example 1, at a drawspeed of 600 metres per minute and with a feed and draw roll temperature of C. and 50 C., respectively. Yarn drawn in this way was found to have a denier of 50, a tenacity of 4.68 grams per denier, elongation at break of 34.0% and shrinkage in boiling water of 13.4%.
  • EXAMPLE 4- A SSO-denier, 24-filarnent yarn was drawn on the same heated Uniroll as that described in Example 1. A drawspeed of 180 metres per minute was used and feed and draw roll temperatures were controlled independently at C. and C. respectively. The yarn drawn on this equipment had a denier of 153, a tenacity of 4.3 grams per denier, elongation 25% and shrinkage 2.1%.
  • EXAMPLE 5 A SSO-denier, 24-fil-ament yarn was drawn on a heated Uniroll of the same dimensions as that described in EX- ample 1. However, the Uniroll was heated by means of a stationary electric heater situated inside the Uniroll and supplied with current at constant voltage. This heater heated both the feed and the draw roll surfaces, the temperatures of which were measured by means of a surface pyrorneter on stopping the roll. A drawspeed of metres per minute was used and feed and draw roll temperatures were measured as 90 C. and 108 C. respec tively. The yarn drawn on this equipment had a denier of 150, a tenacity of 4.55 grams per denier, elongation 28% and shrinkage 9.0%.
  • EXAMPLE 6 An MOO-denier, 48-filament yarn was drawn on a heated Uniroll having a feed roll diameter of 2.73 cms. and a draw roll diameter of 12.0 cms. The peripheral speed of the draw roll was 22.0 metres/minute, the feed roll surface temperature was 90 C. and draw roll surface temperature 110 C. The yarn so drawn had a denier of 253.0, a tenacity of 5.8 grams per denier, an elongation at break of 16.6% and a shrinkage in boiling water of EXAMPLE 7 in the yarn. Both yarns were passed through this instrument at a rate of 590 feet per minute and the fault counts over periods of five minutes are set out in the Table II 'below. The results clearly indicate the superior quality of the yarn produced with the heated Umroll process.
  • EXAMPLE 9 A 220-denier, 24-filament yarn was drawn on a heated Uniroll having a feed roll diameter of 2.75 cms. and a draw roll diameter of 12 crns. The peripheral speed of the draw roll was 600 metres/min. The feed roll temperature was 92 C., the draw roll temperature was 50 C. and the temperature of a hot plate interposed between the feed roll and the drawn roll was 169 C. The drawn yarn obtained had a denier of 49.6, a tenacity of 7.2 grams per denier, and extension at break of 8.2% and a shrinkage in boiling water of 9.25%.
  • EXAMPLE A 220-denier, 24-filament yarn was drawn on a heated Uniroll having a feed roll diameter of 2.75 cms. and a draw roll diameter of 12 mm.
  • the peripheral speed of the draw roll was 600 metrcs/rnin.
  • the feed roll tempera ture was 92 C.
  • the draw roll temperature was 125 C.
  • the temperature of a hot plate interposed between the feed roll and the draw roll was 174 C.
  • the denier of the drawn yarn obtained was 52.1, the tenacity 8.1 grams per denier, the elongation at break 10.0% and the shrinkage in boiling water 3.7%.
  • a process for hot-drawing polyethylene terephthalate filamentary material which comprises passing repeatedly the filamentary material around a feed roll having a surface temperature of from C. to 120 C., thereafter passing the filamentary material over an idler roll and then repeatedly around a draw roll having a surface temperature of from 50 C. to 160 C., said draw roll being arranged coaxially with the feed roll and revolving at a faster peripheral speed than the feed roll, and finally winding up the yarn so drawn.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US6786A 1959-03-13 1960-02-04 Drawing of synthetic polymers Expired - Lifetime US3090077A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8765/59A GB923714A (en) 1959-03-13 1959-03-13 Improvements in the drawing of filamentary material composed of synthetic organic polymers

Publications (1)

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US3090077A true US3090077A (en) 1963-05-21

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US6786A Expired - Lifetime US3090077A (en) 1959-03-13 1960-02-04 Drawing of synthetic polymers

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US (1) US3090077A (ja)
BE (1) BE588548A (ja)
GB (1) GB923714A (ja)
NL (1) NL248957A (ja)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3229015A (en) * 1961-08-09 1966-01-11 Farbweke Hoechst Ag Vormals Me Process for drawing a synthetic linear polymer thread
US4075274A (en) * 1973-04-07 1978-02-21 Teijin Limited Method for drawing and heat-treating polyester yarns

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2182762A (en) * 1935-11-26 1939-12-05 North American Rayon Corp Manufacture of artificial silk
US2293995A (en) * 1939-05-05 1942-08-25 American Enka Corp Manufacture of artificial silk
GB603843A (en) * 1946-03-28 1948-06-23 David Mccreath Drawing of aromatic polyester filaments, yarns, ribbons and like structures
US2533013A (en) * 1949-04-27 1950-12-05 Du Pont Method and apparatus for the twostage draw of synthetic funicular structures
US2541149A (en) * 1945-08-29 1951-02-13 Du Pont Draw roll mechanism for hot stretching of artificial filaments
US2611923A (en) * 1949-08-31 1952-09-30 Du Pont Method and apparatus for the drawing of synthetic funicular structures
US2615784A (en) * 1949-12-20 1952-10-28 Du Pont Polyethylene terephthalate monofils drawn and heat set for use as bristles
US2758908A (en) * 1952-06-25 1956-08-14 Du Pont Process of crimping polyethylene terephthalate filaments by heat stretching and heatrelaxing
US2767429A (en) * 1952-05-06 1956-10-23 Du Pont Snubbing pin for drawing yarn
US2869972A (en) * 1952-12-31 1959-01-20 Eastman Kodak Co Method of treating yarns and filaments and products produced thereby
US3001236A (en) * 1957-07-26 1961-09-26 Bayer Ag Hot stretching of polyacrylonitrile yarns with draw point located on feed roller

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2182762A (en) * 1935-11-26 1939-12-05 North American Rayon Corp Manufacture of artificial silk
US2293995A (en) * 1939-05-05 1942-08-25 American Enka Corp Manufacture of artificial silk
US2541149A (en) * 1945-08-29 1951-02-13 Du Pont Draw roll mechanism for hot stretching of artificial filaments
GB603843A (en) * 1946-03-28 1948-06-23 David Mccreath Drawing of aromatic polyester filaments, yarns, ribbons and like structures
US2533013A (en) * 1949-04-27 1950-12-05 Du Pont Method and apparatus for the twostage draw of synthetic funicular structures
US2611923A (en) * 1949-08-31 1952-09-30 Du Pont Method and apparatus for the drawing of synthetic funicular structures
US2615784A (en) * 1949-12-20 1952-10-28 Du Pont Polyethylene terephthalate monofils drawn and heat set for use as bristles
US2767429A (en) * 1952-05-06 1956-10-23 Du Pont Snubbing pin for drawing yarn
US2758908A (en) * 1952-06-25 1956-08-14 Du Pont Process of crimping polyethylene terephthalate filaments by heat stretching and heatrelaxing
US2869972A (en) * 1952-12-31 1959-01-20 Eastman Kodak Co Method of treating yarns and filaments and products produced thereby
US3001236A (en) * 1957-07-26 1961-09-26 Bayer Ag Hot stretching of polyacrylonitrile yarns with draw point located on feed roller

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3229015A (en) * 1961-08-09 1966-01-11 Farbweke Hoechst Ag Vormals Me Process for drawing a synthetic linear polymer thread
US4075274A (en) * 1973-04-07 1978-02-21 Teijin Limited Method for drawing and heat-treating polyester yarns

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB923714A (en) 1963-04-18
NL248957A (ja)
BE588548A (ja)

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