US3087883A - Pressure vessels - Google Patents

Pressure vessels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3087883A
US3087883A US769615A US76961558A US3087883A US 3087883 A US3087883 A US 3087883A US 769615 A US769615 A US 769615A US 76961558 A US76961558 A US 76961558A US 3087883 A US3087883 A US 3087883A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
shell
annular part
welded
annular
butt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US769615A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jozef J Haftke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Babcock International Ltd
Original Assignee
Babcock and Wilcox Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Babcock and Wilcox Ltd filed Critical Babcock and Wilcox Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3087883A publication Critical patent/US3087883A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/22—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
    • G21C13/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
    • G21C13/02—Details
    • G21C13/024—Supporting constructions for pressure vessels or containment vessels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
    • G21C13/08—Vessels characterised by the material; Selection of materials for pressure vessels
    • G21C13/087—Metallic vessels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C5/00—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator
    • G21C5/02—Details
    • G21C5/10—Means for supporting the complete structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/014—Suspension means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to large pressure vessels of the kind including a shell of which for greater strength the lower portion is dished and is particularly concerned with vessels of this kind in which the shell is bottom supported and an internal structure is bottom supported within the shell.
  • a typical example of such a pressure vessel is that of a gas cooled graphite moderated nuclear reactor including a core the size and weight of which are such that the dimensions of the shell required to accommodate it are large.
  • a large pressure vessel including a shell of which the lower portion is dished and contains a narrow annular part with its center on, or substantially on, the vertical axis of the shell, and in which one portion of the shell is butt-welded to the inner periphery of the annular part and another portion of the shell is butt-welded to the outer periphery of the annular part, the annular part being provided with a downwardly extending annular projection or with a plurality of downwardly extending projections spaced around the annular part and with an upwardly extending annular projection or with a plurality of upwardly extending projections spaced around the annular part, means for bottom supporting the shell butt-welded to the lower edge or edges of the downwardly extending projection or projections and means for bottom supporting an internal structure within the shell butt-welded to the upper edge or edges of the upwardly extending projection or projections, the annular part being such that its transverse thickness adjacent any weld between the annular part and a component connected to either of
  • welds connecting portions of the pressure vessel shell to the annular part, the Welds connecting the means for bottom supporting the pressure vessel to the shell and the welds connecting the means for bottom supporting the internal structure from the shell are all such that they can be inspected by radiographic means and rigorous inspection by such means is desirable in view of the stresses to which the welds are subjected.
  • the location of the welds is such as to facilitate their formation, with the consequently greater likelihood that stress raising cavities will be avoided.
  • the upwardly and downwardly extending projections can be readily disposed in any predetermined locations relatively to each other so that the location of the means for bottom supporting the shell relatively to the means for bottom supporting the internal structure can readily and positively be determined.
  • the two means are situated one immediately above the other with the consequent advantage that any bending moments on the shell resulting from the weight of the internal structure can be minimised.
  • the core is necessarily of considerable size and weight.
  • the enclosing pressure vessel shell is therefore of corresponding large dimensions and, in view of the operating pressure of the coolant and the temperatures to which the shell is subjected in operation, the shell is of necessity 0 part 5 will be described in more detail later.
  • FIGURE 1 shows somewhat diagrammatically, half of a vertical section of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel including a spherical shell that is bottom supported and cgntains means for bottom supporting a core within the s ell;
  • FIGURE 2 shows in plan a portion of an annular part of the shell shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a transverse section on the line IIIIII of FIGURE 2.
  • FIGURE 4 is a transverse section on the line IVIV of FIGURE 2.
  • the spherical shell indicated by 1, has a diameter of sixty-seven feet and is formed generally from plates buttwelded at their edges. It includes the debris removal nozzle 2 welded into the circular bottom plate 3.
  • a first course of ten petal-like plates 4 extends upwardly from the plate 3 to the narrow annular part 5 and is welded to the inner periphery of this part.
  • the annular A second course of eighteen plates 7 is welded to the outer periphery 8 of the annular part 5, and the shell is completed by a third course of eighteen plates 9, a fourth course of eighteen plates 10, a fifth course of eighteen plates 11, a sixth course of twenty plates 12, a seventh course of thirteen plates 13, an eighth course of 8 petal-like plates 14 and the circular top plate 15.
  • All the plates of each course have the same contour although six of the plates 7 are provided with apertures containing the gas inlets 16 and eight of the plates 12 are provided with apertures containing the gas outlets 17. Many other nozzles and apertures are provided in the shell 1 for example to provide access to the core and to enable various testing and measuring instruments to be included, but for the sake of clarity, these are not shown in the drawings.
  • the annular part 5 is in the form of a ring of cruciform section.
  • the diameter of the inner periphery 6 of the ring is thirty feet and the part 5 includes the shell part 18 provided with a downwardly extending ridge 19 and an upwardly extending ridge 20.
  • the part 5 presents four major surfaces 21, 22, 23 and 24 respectively.
  • the edges of the surface 21 lie respectively at the outer periphery 8 and the rim 25 of the projection 20.
  • the edges of the surface 22 lie respectively at the rim 25 and the inner periphery 6.
  • the edges of the surface 23 lie respectively at the inner periphery 6 and the rim 26 of the projection 19 and the edges of the surface 24 lie respectively at the rim 26 and the outer periphery 8.
  • the annular part 5 is formed from fifteen arcuate sections 27 of equal length butt-welded end to end. Each section is formed by a hammer forging process or by pressing and bending and a part of both the projections 19 and 20 is formed integrally with the part of the ring 18, the parts of the projections stopping short of the ends of the part of the ring 18.
  • the sections are butt-welded end to end at 28. Since these welds are made between members of the same substantially rectangular section they can be readily made and tested. After the formation of these welds, filler pieces 29 are fixed in position between the ends of the parts of the projections 19 and 20 that are formed on the sections 27, the filler pieces being welded at their ends 30 and at their bases at 31.
  • the continuous skirt 32 Extending downwardly from the annular part 5 is the continuous skirt 32, butt-welded at its upper edge to the rim 26 of the projection 19.
  • the lower edge of the skirt 32 carries a flange 33 and the flange 33 rests on a circular series of piers 34 set in concrete 35.
  • a further continuous skirt 36 extends upwardly from the annular part 5 and is butt-welded at its lower edge to the rim 25 of the projection 20.
  • Skirt 36 is provided at its upper edge with a flange 37 on which the core of the reactor is mounted through a grid of any suitable construction.
  • the core is of known form and is not illustrated.
  • Both the skirts 32 and 36 are formed from curved, substantially rectangular plates welded together at their edges. They are of the same diameter and situated one immediately above the other so that the core exerts no bending stresses on the shell.
  • the thickness of the annular part 5 in the vicinity of the peripheries 6 and 8 is the same as that of the plates that are welded to the peripheries.
  • the thicknesses of the projections 19 and 20 in the regions of the rims 25 and 26 are substantially the same as those of the skirts 32 and 36 connected to the rims 2S and 26 respectively. This not only allows free access to the welds so facilitating their formation, but also enables the welds to be tested satisfactorily by radiographic means since there are no dissimilar thicknesses of the weld that would cause diffraction of, or other interference with, the rays that would render the results of the tests unreliable.
  • a narrow ring of plates may be interposed between the outer periphery 8 of the annular part 5 and the plates 7 forming the second course in the FIGURE 1.
  • the plates in this narrow ring might be in the form of extensions of the plates 4.
  • Either or each of the projections 19 and 20 should be replaced by a series of projections spaced around the annular part 5 and the means for bottom supporting the shell 1 and for bottom supporting the core could have a more skeletal form than is shown in the drawings.
  • a large pressure vessel for enclosing and supporting a heavy internal structure and including a shell of which the lower portion is dished and contains a narrow annular part integrally formed substantially as a cruciform section with its center axis substantially on the vertical axis of the shell, and in which one portion of the shell is butt-welded to the inner periphery of the annular part and another portion of the shell is butt-welded to the outer periphery of the annular part, the annular part being provided with a downwardly extending annular projection and with an upwardly extending annular projection, means for bottom supporting the shell butt-welded to the lower edge of the downwardly extending projection and means for bottom supporting an internal structure within the shell butt-welded to the upper edge of the upwardly extending projection, the annular part being Car Cit
  • annular part is provided with a downwardly extending annular projection and with an upwardly extending annular projection and the annular part presents four concavely curved surfaces each having one edge lying at a periphery of the annular part to which a portion of the shell is welded and the other edge lying at the rim of one of the upwardly and downwardly extending annular projections.
  • a pressure vessel as claimed in claim 8 in which the concavely curved surfaces merge into faces of the components welded to the inner and outer peripheries of the annular part and to the rims of the projections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
  • Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
US769615A 1957-10-28 1958-10-27 Pressure vessels Expired - Lifetime US3087883A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB33599/57A GB878122A (en) 1957-10-28 1957-10-28 Improvements in or relating to large pressure vessels, especially nuclear reactor pressure vessels

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3087883A true US3087883A (en) 1963-04-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US769615A Expired - Lifetime US3087883A (en) 1957-10-28 1958-10-27 Pressure vessels

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US (1) US3087883A (ru)
BE (1) BE572470A (ru)
GB (1) GB878122A (ru)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3677021A (en) * 1969-10-18 1972-07-18 Kvaerner Brug As Tank construction for liquified and/or compressed gas
US3680323A (en) * 1969-10-18 1972-08-01 Kvaerner Brug As Tanker for liquified and/or compressed gas
US3793145A (en) * 1971-05-25 1974-02-19 Pittsburgh Des Moines Steel Nuclear containment vessel and method of making same
US3998350A (en) * 1974-04-25 1976-12-21 Gazocean Semi-membrane like container, heat-insulated fluid-tight tank embodying same and methods of making same
USRE29424E (en) * 1970-10-15 1977-10-04 Kvaerner Brug As Tank construction for liquified and/or compressed gas
USRE29463E (en) * 1969-10-10 1977-11-01 Kvaerner Brug A/S Tanker for liquified and/or compressed gas
US4302291A (en) * 1979-05-03 1981-11-24 Severs Stephen B Underwater nuclear power plant structure
US4551065A (en) * 1982-12-13 1985-11-05 Becker John H Composite horizontally or vertically split casing with variable casing ends
US7978806B1 (en) 2001-04-23 2011-07-12 Hayman Iii W Z Zack Seafloor power station
US10748666B2 (en) * 2011-10-11 2020-08-18 State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation Ltd. Head module, large-scale container and method for manufacturing the both

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1389134A (en) * 1972-07-04 1975-04-03 Clarke Chapman Ltd Sub-assembly for nuclear power plant

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US797577A (en) * 1904-04-20 1905-08-22 Paulus Heylandt Storage vessel for liquefied gases.
US2577171A (en) * 1946-07-31 1951-12-04 John H Wiggins Multishell fluid storage apparatus
US2730798A (en) * 1950-04-27 1956-01-17 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Method of constructing a field-erected vapor-storage vessel
US2768432A (en) * 1951-02-15 1956-10-30 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Method for erecting roofs of tanks

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US797577A (en) * 1904-04-20 1905-08-22 Paulus Heylandt Storage vessel for liquefied gases.
US2577171A (en) * 1946-07-31 1951-12-04 John H Wiggins Multishell fluid storage apparatus
US2730798A (en) * 1950-04-27 1956-01-17 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Method of constructing a field-erected vapor-storage vessel
US2768432A (en) * 1951-02-15 1956-10-30 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Method for erecting roofs of tanks

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE29463E (en) * 1969-10-10 1977-11-01 Kvaerner Brug A/S Tanker for liquified and/or compressed gas
US3677021A (en) * 1969-10-18 1972-07-18 Kvaerner Brug As Tank construction for liquified and/or compressed gas
US3680323A (en) * 1969-10-18 1972-08-01 Kvaerner Brug As Tanker for liquified and/or compressed gas
USRE29424E (en) * 1970-10-15 1977-10-04 Kvaerner Brug As Tank construction for liquified and/or compressed gas
US3793145A (en) * 1971-05-25 1974-02-19 Pittsburgh Des Moines Steel Nuclear containment vessel and method of making same
US3998350A (en) * 1974-04-25 1976-12-21 Gazocean Semi-membrane like container, heat-insulated fluid-tight tank embodying same and methods of making same
US4302291A (en) * 1979-05-03 1981-11-24 Severs Stephen B Underwater nuclear power plant structure
US4551065A (en) * 1982-12-13 1985-11-05 Becker John H Composite horizontally or vertically split casing with variable casing ends
US7978806B1 (en) 2001-04-23 2011-07-12 Hayman Iii W Z Zack Seafloor power station
US10748666B2 (en) * 2011-10-11 2020-08-18 State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation Ltd. Head module, large-scale container and method for manufacturing the both

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB878122A (en) 1961-09-27
BE572470A (ru)

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