US3083263A - Auxiliary apparatus for teletypers - Google Patents

Auxiliary apparatus for teletypers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3083263A
US3083263A US784144A US78414458A US3083263A US 3083263 A US3083263 A US 3083263A US 784144 A US784144 A US 784144A US 78414458 A US78414458 A US 78414458A US 3083263 A US3083263 A US 3083263A
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Prior art keywords
output
input
repeater
conductor
switch
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Expired - Lifetime
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US784144A
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English (en)
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Hagelin Boris Caesar Wilhelm
Sturzinger Oskar
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Anstalt Europaeische Handelsgesellschaft
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Anstalt Europaeische Handelsgesellschaft
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09C—CIPHERING OR DECIPHERING APPARATUS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PURPOSES INVOLVING THE NEED FOR SECRECY
    • G09C1/00—Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system
    • G09C1/06—Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system wherein elements corresponding to the signs making up the clear text are operatively connected with elements corresponding to the signs making up the ciphered text, the connections, during operation of the apparatus, being automatically and continuously permuted by a coding or key member
    • G09C1/10—Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system wherein elements corresponding to the signs making up the clear text are operatively connected with elements corresponding to the signs making up the ciphered text, the connections, during operation of the apparatus, being automatically and continuously permuted by a coding or key member the connections being electrical

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to telecommunication equipment and more particularly to mixing apparatus to be used in conjunction with teletypewriting units, the purpose of such apparatus being the signal by signal coding and/ or decoding of messages to be supplied from the respective teletypewriting unit to a transmission line, and/ or vice versa.
  • these mixing equipments for signal-wise coding and/ or decoding may be divided into two classes.
  • the first class comprises sets in which the signals are mixed with signals taken from a ready-made key sequence, e.g. in the form of a perforated tape, whereby usually a correlation is employed whereby the impulse No. 1 of each character always is mixed with the signal recorded in track number 1 of the perforated key tape (also called camouflage tapes), impulse of the character No. 2 is mixed with the signal recorded in track number 2, etc.
  • the perforated tapes as a rule are advanced by one step per character and mixing takes place by using the four possible combinations between the respective signal impulse belonging to a character of the message and the corresponding key signal provided by the perforated tape to obtain a total of two possible results:
  • the second class of mixing equipment comprises sets in which a computer-like key mechanism comprising preset adjustable members produces a key sequence which continuously develops itself further.
  • the signals produced by these sets are mixed with the signals of the message in a manner similar to that in which the key tapes are effective, i.e. the key impulses produced by the key mechanism are combined with those of the text characters and the resulting impulses are transmitted.
  • the equipments of both classes have advantages and disadvantages.
  • the advantage of the sets of the first class resides, as mentioned, in the mathematically absolute security, since in this case keys are used which, in the .so-called camouflage tapes, comprise a sequence of signals produced strictly by hazard and which never repeats itself.
  • the drawback resides in that for a co-operation between two stations a key-tape supply organization must be available and moreover in the case of larger networks a considerable supply of key tapes of the most different kinds must be kept in store.
  • the sets of the second class are not absolutely safe from the mathematical point of view, though the arrangements known today produce key programs which practically cannot be detected with any calculating means whatsoever by unauthorized persons.
  • Their advantage consists in that the key mechanism can be reset in simple manner for each message.
  • the basic information required for this resetting will be formed as a rule of a few ciphers, so that bodily supply means are not required for the setting of the key and the stations own communication channel can be employed for the transmission of this key information.
  • This latter control method may be applied when the supply of new camouflage key tape is not possible while the use of purely mechanical control does not appear safe enough.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an arrangement by which it is possible to feed a message into the apparatus alternately from the said teletypewriter or in the form of a pre-punched record in a perforated tape.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide means whereby the apparatus while it is coding and transmitting a message, can immediately be switched to the reception of a message in uncoded form, by appropriate signals emanating from the station which is receiving the message. This makes it possible in case of disturbances that the transmitting and receiving stations agree without delay upon any appropriate measures for obviating the said disturbances.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic wiring diagram of one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 in a partial schematic wiring diagram, a
  • FIG. 3 in schematic form, the preferred general lay-out of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • the information supplied as a conventional sequence of pulses from a teletypewriter is fed pulse by pulse from an input conductor A through normally closed switches Q and U1 (to be described later) to an input relay ER which controls a change-over switch er.
  • an input relay ER which controls a change-over switch er.
  • a positive or a negative polarity signal is forwarded from a source H to a storage condenser C.
  • Each signal thus stored in the condenser C is passed on through a conventional camshaft driven input distributor (not shown), an array of change-over switches l and v (FIG. 1), or v and r (FIG.
  • the change-over switch 1 is controlled by a perforated-tape scanner L, operating in synchronism with the aforesaid distributors,
  • the respective contact pair of the change-over switch I supplies the received information signal either to one or to the other of the two branches of the doubled change-over switch v whereby, for any one condition of the respective contact pair of that switch, the signal is supplied either to the upper or to the lower end of the relay winding SR.
  • the polarity of the latter depends on the combination of the polarity sign of the pulse received through switch er with the sign indicating the presence or absence of a hole at the scanned point of the tape running through the scanner L, according to the combination rule indicated above.
  • the double change-over switch v is controlled by a mechanical key permuting device V of the well-known kind constructed, for instance, somewhat like a mechanical computer and in which a plurality of key elements each controlling one pair of contacts of the switch v are displaced step by step.
  • the positive or negative signal pulse from switch er is again supplied either to the upper or to the lower end of the relay winding SR so that, when the switch I is not actuated, the polarity of the relay winding SR depends on the combination of the polarity sign of the signal pulse coming from switch er, with the sign or which designates the condition imparted to the double change-over switch v by the mechanical key permuting device V, the sign indicating the polarity of the relay SR being again derived from the two component signs of the combination according to the said rule.
  • a double coding can be obtained by operating the scanner L and the permuting device V simultaneously.
  • the polarity of the relay SR is indicated by combining once more the sign indicating the output of the scanner-controlled change-over switch 1, with the sign indicating the position of the permuter-controlled switch v.
  • the perforated-tape scanner L of FIG. 1 and the changeover switch 1 controlled by it are replaced by the mechanical key-permuting device V and the change-over vswitch v controlled by it, which in this instance is not doubled since its function is similar to that of the single switch v of FIG. 1.
  • the perforated-tape scanner L acts, through internal change-over switch means not shown in the drawing, on a relay R which in turn controls a double change-over switch r performing the same function as the double change-over switch v in FIG. 1.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to introduce the message signals electrically through the key scanner L instead of through the input conductor A, and by means of a second perforated-tape scanner E while leaving the input relay ER inoperative.
  • perofrated tapes are run both through the message tape scannerE and through the key tape scanner L.
  • the message signals are derived from the perforations of the message key tape by internal change-over switch means which are controlled by the tape scanner E and which connect the scanner L either to the positive or to the negative pole of the source of potential I-I.
  • the respective contact pair of the changeover switch in the scanner L receives a positive or a negative potential.
  • the polarisation of the relay R, and the position of the double change-over switch r is defined by the combination of the signals read from the tapes in the two scanners E and L.
  • the polarization of the transmitting relay SR and the position of the changeover switch sr controlled thereby is defined by the condition of the relay R and by the position of the switch v controlled by the mechanical key permuting device V.
  • the apparatus diagrammatically represented in FIG. 3 is in the form of a self-contained set comprising a num ber of pre-assembled block units of which those which are not required could be omitted, disconnected, or switched out of circuit.
  • the set it is possible to produce or use the set as an apparatus for the automatic coding of messages either by means of a ready-made sequence of keys supplied on a key tape, or by means of keys derived by automatic permutation of the signs of a key to which the permuting device has been set initially, or for double coding by both means.
  • RB designates a relay block or unit com prising the required relays as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2
  • M is an electric motor for driving the various units in synchronism
  • G is a set of gear wheels provided for that purpose
  • T is a unit similar to a conventional regenerating repeater and comprising the'timing camshafts
  • E is the message tape scanner used in the mounting shown in FIG. 2
  • L is the key tape scanner
  • V is the mechanical key permuting unit used in both mountings according to FIGS. 1 and 2; T, E and L are actuated by the same shaft while the permuting device V is driven by a separate shaft.
  • the invention also comprises a number of provisions to suit particular operating conditions and which now will be described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • each letter or information group of signals is preceded by a break pulse and followed by a stop pulse If in that system, the receiving set drops out of synchronism with the transmitting set, it is the usual practice to let the receiving set transmit a continuous break pulse to the line. Whenever the system contains an automatic direction change-over means, the transmitting station then will run off since it will be re-started by the continuous break pulse immediately after each stopping. This running ofi of the trans mitting set will be noticed by the operator and will induce him to switch over to clear operation, in order to agree with his partner upon any measures to be taken.
  • the apparatus may comprise an automatic switching means K which is immediately responsive to any break pulse coming in from the transmission line B regardless of whether the apparatus is transmitting clear or coded text. If such a break pulse comes in while the apparatus is not operating, it will cause the switching means K to condition the apparatus for reception.
  • a pair of relay-controlled switches U1 and U2 are provided in the connection between the input line A and the input relay ER, and in the connection between the output switch sr and the transmission line B, respectively.
  • switches U1 and U2 are so connected that when the switching means K causes their controlling relays (not shown) to be energized in response to the coming-in of a break pulse through line 'B, switch U2 will break the connection between output switch sr and line B and connect the latter to the input relay ER, and switch U1 will disconnect that relay ER from the line A coming from .the teletypewriter but connect the output from the switch sr to the said line A leading to the teletypewriter.
  • the apparatus is ready for passing messages from the line B through input relay ER/er, any interposed change-over switches, and output relay SR/sr, to the teletypewriter.
  • a switch D is provided in the connection between the condenser C and the output relay SR.
  • This switch D is under the combined control of the switching means K and of an additional normally open pair of contacts controlled by the distributor mechanism indicated at T in FIG. 3, this pair of contacts being closed each time the distributor leaves its rest position and reopened only when it reaches that position again. In its normal position shown in FIG. 1, the said switch D connects the condenser C to the first change-over switch I.
  • the switch D connects the condenser C to a bypass line which shunts the keying change-over switches l and v and leads directly to the lower end of the output relay SR.
  • the receiving station may be switched in at any time and may even, when transmisison is made from a message tape, write back immediately without requiring the operator of the initially transmitting station to effect any manipulation since by the break pulse signal his station has been switched from transmission to reception.
  • This is quite important for immediate agreement on the measures to be taken in case of faulty transmission, and saves much time since the operator of the initially transmitting station can readily be informed about the reasons why a break pulse signal was given. If the mixing apparatus of the initially transmitting station is equipped with a mess-age tape transmitter, this will immediately be stopped by the automatic break-pulse responsive switching device K and the whole apparatus is again switched to reception.
  • a further switch Q which controls the connection between the input A from the teletypewriter and the apparatus is controlled jointly with the clear/ coding switch D to interrupt the said connection as the switch D is moved to the clear position.
  • the apparatus itself contains a message tape scanner such as that indicated at E in FIG. 2, a switch similar to, and operated in the same manner as, the switch Q just described will be provided to disconnect or stop that message tape scanner.
  • a further relay S controlling a signal lamp and buzzer alarm device R is connected to the switching relay K in such a manner as to be energized each time the latter is actuated by an incoming break pulse as described. The operators attention will then be called by the alarm device R to the incoming message.
  • a modulating relay Z is connected to the switching means K to modulate the signal forwarded to the relay S.
  • a mum ually operable switch L0 is provided for this purpose.
  • This switch L0 is arranged to connect the output of the apparatus in a first and normal position to the transmission line B, and in a second position to a local line through which the coded message delivered by the output switch sr is fed back to the teletypewriter through A, where it may be delivered to an appropriate tape recorder provided for such purposes.
  • relay UE Jointly with the moving of the switch Lt into its second position a relay UE is rendered sensitive to any signals coming in through the transmission line B thus disconnected.
  • relay S On receipt of any signal through E while UE is sensitive, relay S is energized and causes the alarm device R to call the operator who then may take appropriate steps for receiving the message thus announced.
  • the teletypewriters are equipped with automatic call sign transmitters which in response to the receipt of CCITT combination No. 4 (the signal corresponding to the letter D in the numerals series) automatically transmit the stations own call sign to acknowledge receipt of the call.
  • the operator 7 f the calling station iactuates the said automatic call sign transmitter of the receiving station a second time and immediately starts transmitting.
  • the break pulse responsive switching means K at the receiving station is actuated since that stations call sign transmitter is run ning; thereby, the rest contact Q of the local line is opened and transmission is blocked.
  • a timer switch NG is provided in the connection to the relay which operates switch Q.
  • switch Q will automatically be closed to seconds after the last signal has been transmitted.
  • Apparatus for the automatic coding or decoding of mess-ages constituted by successive electric signals in teletypewriting systems comprising an input conductor for connection with a teletypewriting unit, and output conductor for connection with a transmission line, a repeater device having an input and an output and including signal modifying means for transmitting signals in selectively modified form from said input to said output, by-pass conductor means for transmitting such signals in unmodified form from said input to said output, by-passing switch means for selectively connecting in a first position said signal modifying means and and in a second position said by-pass conductor means between said input and said output, and means for sensing the operative or inoperative condition of said repeater device, said apparatus further comprising reversing switch means connected between said input conductor and said repeater input and between said repeater output and said output conductor for selectively connecting in a first position said input conductor to said repeater input and said repeater output to said output conductor, and in a second position said output conductor to said repeater input and said repeater output
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim '1 which further comprises a normally closed breaker switch in the connection between said input conductor and said repeater input on the input conductor side of said reversing switch means, the said signal-responsive means being operatively connected to said breaker switch for automatically opening it on reception of said predetermined signal while said repeater device is in its operative condition.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 which further comprises a timer switch operatively connected to said signal-responsive means for causing them to close said breaker switch a predetermined time after the cessation of signals coming in through said output conductor.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 which further comprises a local operation switch for selectively connecting said repeater output in a first position to said output conductor and in a second position to said input conductor.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
US784144A 1958-01-07 1958-12-31 Auxiliary apparatus for teletypers Expired - Lifetime US3083263A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5444158A CH374717A (de) 1958-01-07 1958-01-07 An einen Fernschreiber anschliessbares Mischgerät

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US3083263A true US3083263A (en) 1963-03-26

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US784144A Expired - Lifetime US3083263A (en) 1958-01-07 1958-12-31 Auxiliary apparatus for teletypers

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US (1) US3083263A (de)
CH (1) CH374717A (de)
DE (1) DE1111239B (de)
DK (1) DK105986C (de)
FR (1) FR1209000A (de)
GB (1) GB910648A (de)
NL (1) NL233484A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4350844A (en) * 1975-11-20 1982-09-21 Anstalt Europaische Handelsgesellschaft Encipering- and deciphering apparatus in the form of a typewriter

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH515576A (de) * 1970-08-20 1971-11-15 Hagelin Boris Caesar Wilhelm Gerät zur Ver- und Entschlüsselung von mehrstellig codierten Signalen
CH604432A5 (de) * 1977-03-16 1978-09-15 Europ Handelsges Anst

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1310719A (en) * 1919-07-22 Secret signaling system
US2028818A (en) * 1934-06-21 1936-01-28 American Telephone & Telegraph Printing telegraph system
US2504621A (en) * 1946-12-03 1950-04-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Enciphering and deciphering device for secret telegraph systems
US2547515A (en) * 1949-06-23 1951-04-03 Teletype Corp Secrecy system

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1017206B (de) * 1955-04-05 1957-10-10 Siemens Ag Lochstreifensender mit Schluesselzusatzeinrichtung
DE1066610B (de) * 1956-09-20 1959-10-08 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Aktiengesellschaft, Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen Sicherheitseinrichtung für Mischgeräte bei Verschlüsselungsverfahren
DE1006458B (de) * 1957-01-18 1957-04-18 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Erzeugen und Aussenden bzw. zum Entschluesseln verschluesselter Mehrschritt-Alphabet-Fernschreiben und Einrichtungen zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1310719A (en) * 1919-07-22 Secret signaling system
US2028818A (en) * 1934-06-21 1936-01-28 American Telephone & Telegraph Printing telegraph system
US2504621A (en) * 1946-12-03 1950-04-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Enciphering and deciphering device for secret telegraph systems
US2547515A (en) * 1949-06-23 1951-04-03 Teletype Corp Secrecy system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4350844A (en) * 1975-11-20 1982-09-21 Anstalt Europaische Handelsgesellschaft Encipering- and deciphering apparatus in the form of a typewriter

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Publication number Publication date
CH374717A (de) 1964-01-31
NL233484A (de)
DK105986C (da) 1966-12-05
DE1111239B (de) 1961-07-20
FR1209000A (fr) 1960-02-26
GB910648A (en) 1962-11-14

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