US3081754A - Internal combustion engines, in particular of the constant pressure cycle type - Google Patents

Internal combustion engines, in particular of the constant pressure cycle type Download PDF

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Publication number
US3081754A
US3081754A US171432A US17143262A US3081754A US 3081754 A US3081754 A US 3081754A US 171432 A US171432 A US 171432A US 17143262 A US17143262 A US 17143262A US 3081754 A US3081754 A US 3081754A
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cylinder head
internal combustion
constant pressure
combustion engines
pressure cycle
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US171432A
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Georges Raymond
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F1/38—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/22—Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F2001/008—Stress problems, especially related to thermal stress
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/247—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/248—Methods for avoiding thermal stress-induced cracks in the zone between valve seat openings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to internal combustion engines of the reciprocating piston type. It is more espe cially but not exclusively concerned with engines of this type working with a constant pressure cycle and in particular with diesel engines, particularly in the case of light engines intended to run at high speed.
  • the object of my invent-ion is to provide an engine of this type which is better adapted to meet the requirements of practice than those known up to now, and in particular wherein the valve seats have a longer life.
  • the cylinder head body is made of a light metal or alloy which is a good conductor of heat and cylinder head linings are fitted in said cylinder head body, said linings being made of a metal or alloy, such for instance as a refractory metal or an austenitic steel, which is not as good a conductor of heat as the material forming the cylinder head body but as high mechanical resistance qualities at high temperatures, for instance averaging 900 C. and even more.
  • My invention consists in providing, in such cylinder head linings, apertures corresponding to the locations of the valves, the seats of said valves being made independent of the corresponding cylinder head linings and being fixed directly in the cylinder head body, which facilitates their cooling.
  • FIGURE shows, in axial section and with parts cut away, a diesel engine made according to the invention.
  • This engine comprises a crankcase 1 in which is mounted a cylinder head body or unit 2 made of a light metal which is a good conductor of heat, for instance aluminum.
  • Every cylinder head lining 3 is kept in position by the fixation of the cylinder head body 2 on crankcase 1.
  • Said cylinder head linings are made of a metal or alloy, such for instance as a refractory metal or austenitic steel, which is not as good a conductor of heat as the light metal or alloy of the cylinder head body 2, but having, at high temperature (for instance at tempera tures averaging 900 C. and even higher) mechanical resistance qualities much higher than those of said light metal or alloy.
  • These cylinder head linings 3 thus constitute thermal screens with respect to the cylinder head body 2 which is thus protected against any risk of deformation at the temperatures of operation of the engine.
  • the heat developed in the valve seats 5 can be easily evacuated through the cylinder head body 2, made of a light metal or alloy which is a good conductor of heat.
  • This evacuation of heat may be improved by the circula tion of a cooling fluid (water or air) through passages 6 provided for this purpose in said cylinder head body.
  • a lowering of the temperatures of the valves seats 5 which is of course desirable to increase the life of these parts, may be further improved by providing in said seats, as shown in dotted lines, a cavity 7 which is filled with sodium in a manner well known in the art.
  • Valve seats 5 may be made of any suitable metal or alloy, for instance a special bronze, and they may be fitted in the cylinder head body in any suitable manner for instance either by screwing, as shown by the drawing, or by a force fit.
  • An internal combustion engine which comprises, in combination, a cylinder, a piston fitting slidably in said cylinder for reciprocating movement therein, a cylinder head body made of a light metal material which is a good conductor of heat, a cylinder head lining fitted in said cylinder head body, said cylinder head lining made of a material which is not so good a conductor of heat as said first mentioned material and has higher mechanical resistance than said first mentioned material, said cylinder head lining having apertures formed therein, valve seats mounted in said cylinder head body in register with said apertures, valves mounted to cooperate with said valve seats respectively, each of the valve seats being provided with an internal cavity, and sodium filling said cavity.

Description

March 19, 1963 R. GEORGES 3, 8
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, IN PARTICULAR OF THE CONSTANT PRESSURE CYCLE TYPE Filed Feb. 6, 1962 3,081,754 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, IN PARTECU- LAR OF THE CONSTANT PRESSURE CYCLE TYPE Raymond Georges, 67 Avenue Foch, Paris 16, France Filed Feb. 6, 1962, Ser. No. 171,432 Claims priority, application France Feb. 14, 1961 1 Claim. (Cl. 123-4116) The present invention relates to internal combustion engines of the reciprocating piston type. It is more espe cially but not exclusively concerned with engines of this type working with a constant pressure cycle and in particular with diesel engines, particularly in the case of light engines intended to run at high speed.
The object of my invent-ion is to provide an engine of this type which is better adapted to meet the requirements of practice than those known up to now, and in particular wherein the valve seats have a longer life.
In such engines the cylinder head body is made of a light metal or alloy which is a good conductor of heat and cylinder head linings are fitted in said cylinder head body, said linings being made of a metal or alloy, such for instance as a refractory metal or an austenitic steel, which is not as good a conductor of heat as the material forming the cylinder head body but as high mechanical resistance qualities at high temperatures, for instance averaging 900 C. and even more.
My invention consists in providing, in such cylinder head linings, apertures corresponding to the locations of the valves, the seats of said valves being made independent of the corresponding cylinder head linings and being fixed directly in the cylinder head body, which facilitates their cooling.
A preferred embodiment of my invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawing given merely by way of example and in which the only FIGURE shows, in axial section and with parts cut away, a diesel engine made according to the invention.
This engine comprises a crankcase 1 in which is mounted a cylinder head body or unit 2 made of a light metal which is a good conductor of heat, for instance aluminum.
In order to keep a Wall temperature as high as possible in every combustion chamber of this engine, I make use of cylinder head linings 3 fitted in the respective cylinders. Advantageously, as shown, every cylinder head lining 3 is kept in position by the fixation of the cylinder head body 2 on crankcase 1. Said cylinder head linings are made of a metal or alloy, such for instance as a refractory metal or austenitic steel, which is not as good a conductor of heat as the light metal or alloy of the cylinder head body 2, but having, at high temperature (for instance at tempera tures averaging 900 C. and even higher) mechanical resistance qualities much higher than those of said light metal or alloy. These cylinder head linings 3 thus constitute thermal screens with respect to the cylinder head body 2 which is thus protected against any risk of deformation at the temperatures of operation of the engine.
Patented Mar. 19, 1963 ice According to the main feature of this invention, I provide in said cylinder head linings 3, apertures corresponding to the position of the valves 4 of the engine, the seats 5 of said valves being made independent of said cylinder head linings and being secured directly in the cylinder head body 2.
Thus the heat developed in the valve seats 5 can be easily evacuated through the cylinder head body 2, made of a light metal or alloy which is a good conductor of heat. This evacuation of heat may be improved by the circula tion of a cooling fluid (water or air) through passages 6 provided for this purpose in said cylinder head body.
A lowering of the temperatures of the valves seats 5 which is of course desirable to increase the life of these parts, may be further improved by providing in said seats, as shown in dotted lines, a cavity 7 which is filled with sodium in a manner well known in the art.
Valve seats 5 may be made of any suitable metal or alloy, for instance a special bronze, and they may be fitted in the cylinder head body in any suitable manner for instance either by screwing, as shown by the drawing, or by a force fit.
In a general manner, while I have, in the above description, disclosed What I deem to be a practical and efiicient embodiment of my invention, it should be well understood that I do not Wish to be limited thereto as there might be changes made in the arrangement, disposition and form of the parts Without departing from the principle of the present invention as comprehended within the scope of the accompanying claim.
What I claim is:
An internal combustion engine which comprises, in combination, a cylinder, a piston fitting slidably in said cylinder for reciprocating movement therein, a cylinder head body made of a light metal material which is a good conductor of heat, a cylinder head lining fitted in said cylinder head body, said cylinder head lining made of a material which is not so good a conductor of heat as said first mentioned material and has higher mechanical resistance than said first mentioned material, said cylinder head lining having apertures formed therein, valve seats mounted in said cylinder head body in register with said apertures, valves mounted to cooperate with said valve seats respectively, each of the valve seats being provided with an internal cavity, and sodium filling said cavity.
References (Iited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,693,520 Kondo Nov. 27, 1928 1,701,550 Woolson Feb. 12, 1929 1,857,077 Adamson May 3, 1932 1,958,004 Jehle May 8, 1934 2,362,622 Fischer Nov. 14, 1944 2,369,025 Cummings Feb. 6, 1945 2,600,529 Gregory June 19, 1952 2,716,969 Lang Sept. 6 1955
US171432A 1961-02-14 1962-02-06 Internal combustion engines, in particular of the constant pressure cycle type Expired - Lifetime US3081754A (en)

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1301655B (en) * 1965-01-12 1969-08-21 Daimler Benz Ag Internal combustion engine with fluid-cooled cylinder liners
US3822680A (en) * 1973-01-11 1974-07-09 M Showalter Isothermal valve seat for internal combustion engine
US4018195A (en) * 1975-10-06 1977-04-19 General Motors Corporation Insulated, high efficiency, low heat rejection, engine cylinder head
US4046114A (en) * 1975-10-06 1977-09-06 General Motors Corporation Insulated, high efficiency, low heat rejection, engine cylinder head
US4229867A (en) * 1978-06-16 1980-10-28 Spencer Heads, Inc. Method of repairing or modifying the firing deck of an internal combustion engine
DE2946887A1 (en) * 1979-11-21 1981-05-27 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Cylinder head for diesel engine - has valve seats with clearance to face plate to allow differential thermal expansion
DE3031926A1 (en) * 1980-08-23 1982-04-01 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln CYLINDER FOR LIFTING PISTON MACHINES
US4344390A (en) * 1979-12-31 1982-08-17 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Piston-cylinder assembly of an internal combustion engine
US4502433A (en) * 1979-07-09 1985-03-05 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Valve construction for multi-fuel engine
EP0262240A1 (en) * 1985-04-15 1988-04-06 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Composite cylinder head of internal-combustion engine
US4864987A (en) * 1987-12-14 1989-09-12 Isuzu Motors Limited Heat insulating engine
DE4018485A1 (en) * 1990-06-09 1991-12-12 Daimler Benz Ag INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH A THROTTLE VALVE IN A CYLINDER HEAD
EP0332586B1 (en) * 1988-03-11 1992-01-02 FIAT AUTO S.p.A. A head of light material for internal combustion engines, with sintered steel inserts, and a method for its manufacture
US5738061A (en) * 1995-07-06 1998-04-14 Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co., Ltd. Engine having sound absorption structures on the outer sides of combustion chambers
US5954038A (en) * 1997-09-02 1999-09-21 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Combustion face insert
US20160333751A1 (en) * 2015-05-07 2016-11-17 Frank J. Ardezzone Engine Insert and Process for Installing
US11920538B2 (en) * 2020-05-27 2024-03-05 Cummins Inc. Anti-polish ring for an engine cylinder

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1693520A (en) * 1928-01-30 1928-11-27 Kondo Rennosuke Cylinder of an internal-combustion engine
US1701550A (en) * 1929-02-12 Lionel m
US1857077A (en) * 1930-11-03 1932-05-03 Adamson Ernie Internal combustion engine
US1958004A (en) * 1931-04-20 1934-05-08 White Motor Co Internal combustion engine and similar machine
US2362622A (en) * 1944-11-14 Injection engine
US2369025A (en) * 1943-08-30 1945-02-06 Thompson Prod Inc Valve insert seat
US2600529A (en) * 1946-06-19 1952-06-17 Fairchild Engine & Airplane Engine cylinder construction for cooling valve seat inserts
US2716969A (en) * 1951-07-25 1955-09-06 Durex S A Air-or liquid-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1701550A (en) * 1929-02-12 Lionel m
US2362622A (en) * 1944-11-14 Injection engine
US1693520A (en) * 1928-01-30 1928-11-27 Kondo Rennosuke Cylinder of an internal-combustion engine
US1857077A (en) * 1930-11-03 1932-05-03 Adamson Ernie Internal combustion engine
US1958004A (en) * 1931-04-20 1934-05-08 White Motor Co Internal combustion engine and similar machine
US2369025A (en) * 1943-08-30 1945-02-06 Thompson Prod Inc Valve insert seat
US2600529A (en) * 1946-06-19 1952-06-17 Fairchild Engine & Airplane Engine cylinder construction for cooling valve seat inserts
US2716969A (en) * 1951-07-25 1955-09-06 Durex S A Air-or liquid-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1301655B (en) * 1965-01-12 1969-08-21 Daimler Benz Ag Internal combustion engine with fluid-cooled cylinder liners
DE1301655C2 (en) * 1965-01-12 1970-04-23 Daimler Benz Ag Internal combustion engine with fluid-cooled cylinder liners
US3822680A (en) * 1973-01-11 1974-07-09 M Showalter Isothermal valve seat for internal combustion engine
US4018195A (en) * 1975-10-06 1977-04-19 General Motors Corporation Insulated, high efficiency, low heat rejection, engine cylinder head
US4046114A (en) * 1975-10-06 1977-09-06 General Motors Corporation Insulated, high efficiency, low heat rejection, engine cylinder head
US4229867A (en) * 1978-06-16 1980-10-28 Spencer Heads, Inc. Method of repairing or modifying the firing deck of an internal combustion engine
US4502433A (en) * 1979-07-09 1985-03-05 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Valve construction for multi-fuel engine
DE2946887A1 (en) * 1979-11-21 1981-05-27 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Cylinder head for diesel engine - has valve seats with clearance to face plate to allow differential thermal expansion
US4344390A (en) * 1979-12-31 1982-08-17 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Piston-cylinder assembly of an internal combustion engine
DE3031926A1 (en) * 1980-08-23 1982-04-01 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln CYLINDER FOR LIFTING PISTON MACHINES
EP0262240A1 (en) * 1985-04-15 1988-04-06 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Composite cylinder head of internal-combustion engine
US4864987A (en) * 1987-12-14 1989-09-12 Isuzu Motors Limited Heat insulating engine
EP0332586B1 (en) * 1988-03-11 1992-01-02 FIAT AUTO S.p.A. A head of light material for internal combustion engines, with sintered steel inserts, and a method for its manufacture
DE4018485A1 (en) * 1990-06-09 1991-12-12 Daimler Benz Ag INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH A THROTTLE VALVE IN A CYLINDER HEAD
US5738061A (en) * 1995-07-06 1998-04-14 Isuzu Ceramics Research Institute Co., Ltd. Engine having sound absorption structures on the outer sides of combustion chambers
US5954038A (en) * 1997-09-02 1999-09-21 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Combustion face insert
US20160333751A1 (en) * 2015-05-07 2016-11-17 Frank J. Ardezzone Engine Insert and Process for Installing
US11920538B2 (en) * 2020-05-27 2024-03-05 Cummins Inc. Anti-polish ring for an engine cylinder

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