US2716969A

US2716969A - Air-or liquid-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines

Info

Publication number: US2716969A
Application number: US299836A
Authority: US
Inventors: Lang Heinrich
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Durex S A
Priority date: 1951-07-25
Filing date: 1952-07-19
Publication date: 1955-09-06
Anticipated expiration: 1972-09-06

Description

Sept. 6 1955 H. LANG 2,716,969

AIR- OR LIQUID-COOLED CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed July 19, 1952. 3 Sheets-Sheet l j a II Hi i' I I:

L E I g II I l1 I ll 24 i I L 'i 11 l I INVENTOR- INVENTOR.

Heinrich Long ATTOR E) Sept. 6 1955 H. LANG 2,716,969

AIR- OR LIQUID-COOLED CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed July 19, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 F|G.4 I I I n 'i I l' {i i t 31 3 E I I l I!" IE1 /j) 18 19 12 FIG.5 f

I}, I 21 25 HI! i INVENTOR.

Heinrich Lang ATTOR United States Patent M AIR- OR LIQUID-COOLED CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Heinrich Lang, Munich, Germany, assignor to Durex,

S. A., Geneva, Switzerland, a corporation of Switzerland Application July 19, 1952, Serial No. 299,836 Claims priority, application Switzerland July 25, 1951 Claims. (Cl. 12341.16)

My invention relates to air or liquid-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines and more particularly to such cylinder heads which include a combustion chamber for the injected fuel. 7

It is an object of my invention to provide cylinder heads of that type which are highly resistant against heat, which assures a very satisfactory heat transmission and which are easy to manufacture.

According to my invention I provide the cylinderhead casting with an essentiallycylindrical recess'which registers with the bore of the engine cylinder and which is adapted to receive an insert containing the combustion chamber and the valve seats. This insert is either pressed into said recess, or the cylinder head casting is shrunk thereupon, or both are cast in a compound casting process.

By including the combustion chamber and the valve seats in an insert separated from the cylinder head casting the cylinder becomes constructively very much simpler and the distribution of material inside the casting is made considerably more uniform, so that casting stresses hardly any longer occur. However, should certain stresses still remain then the same may be safely removed by annealing.

A further advantage obtained from my new construction of the cylinder head is that the insert comprising the combustion chamber and valve seats can be cast so accurately of a specially suitable grey iron or can be wrought so accurately of a special steel with good heat resisting properties that it is possible to dispense with the machining of the combustion chamber. If the insert is wrought the same may be made of steel with low heat conductivity to ensure smaller heat losses to the cooling air or cooling liquid without the risk of producing overheated places in the combustion chamber.

In the case of light metal cylinder heads, there is the further advantage from the construction according to my invention that the hot combustion gases at high tension no longer come into immediate contact with the light metal, so that the latter is no longer subjected to the effect of the gases which are often very aggressive when lower quality fuels are used.

In order to be able to dispense with the machining of the contacting surfaces of the insert and the cylinder head and to avoid the danger of the flow of heat being unfavourably affected by oil which has penetrated between these two surfaces, the insert may be provided according to the invention in the immediate vicinity of its circumference and around the valve seat bores with sharp-edged sealing ledges which can either be pressed into the cylinder head casting or in the case of a cast-iron cylinder head and a steel insert be pressed slightly flat to form a sealing. In this respect it is also further provided for producing a metallic contact between the surfaces of the insert and the cylinder head, which now no longer require accurate machining and may even have a certain gap in between. This is achieved by making passages leading outward from the surface in the cylinder head casting and filling these passages with a certain amount of sodium, and then after bodiment of a 2,716,969 Patented Sept. 6,. 1955 filling closing them by means of screw stoppers or the like. When working, this sodium becomes fluidand is sucked by capillary action'intothe gap between'the two surfaces and in this way ensures the flow of heat from the lining to the cylinder head. v 1 t On account of the unavoidable extra weight in the case of pressed-in inserts, these are suitable in those cases where the dimensions of the engine are not very large as tomake requirements in respect of lightness. Where. the dimensions of the engine are large and where they are higher demand for a smaller engine weight, inserts cast according to the compound casting system are'more suitable, as these no longer need to be exactly of the same height in all places, andcan be reduced to a smaller height at the part which does not comprise the combustion chamber and its walls.

The valve seatings may be arranged partly in the upper wall of the combustion chamber preferably for the exhaust valve, and partly in the .part of the insert which. does not comprise the combustion chamber and its walls, or else all the valves may bearranged in the part of the insert which does notcomprise the combustion chamber and its walls. Inthe latter case the injection nozzle or any other additional device, such as. a heater plug may be arranged in the topwall of the combustion chamber. I

The said. and other objects of my invention; will be more fully understood from the following, specification when read with the accompanying drawings in which several embodiments are illustrated.

5 In the drawing M Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an tier-head according to my invention. I p

- Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a modified embodiinent thereof. v a} Fig. 3 is across sectionalview taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Big. 4 is a vertical sectional view of an additional emn air-cooled cylinder head according to my invention, and

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of still another embodiment thereof.

In all figures of the drawing the same reference numbers indicate the same or like parts. i

As shown in Fig. l the cylinder head casting 11 is provided with cooling fins 11' and contains a cylindrical recess registering with the engine cylinder and adapted to receive an essentially disclike insert 12 made of cast iron or any other heat resistant metal. This insert 12 includes the combustion chamber 13 arranged eccentrically to the aXis of the engine cylinder and the upper wall of said combustion chamber is provided with a valve seat 14 preferably for the exhaust valve which regulates the passage of the combustion gases through the

coaxial ports

15 and 16 into the exhaust channel 17 arranged in the head casting 11. One or more seats 18 for inlet valves are arranged in the bottom surface of the insert 12 outside the combustion chamber 13, preferably within a recess 19. The air intake channel 21 in the cylinder head passes smoothly into the connecting channel 20 in the insert 12 above the valve opening.

The embodiment shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is essentially identical with the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. However, whereas in the latter the upper or inner surface of the insert 12 contacts fully the bottom surface of the recess in the insert 12, according to Figs. 2 and 3 the said upper or inner surface of the insert 12 is provided with circular sharp-edged ledges 22 which surround said upper or inner surface of the insert 12 and each opening of the connecting channel 20, respectively. The cylinder head 11 is provided with one or more passages 23 into which sodium may be introduced. Said passages 23 are hermetically closed by screw stoppers or the like 24. When the engine air-cooled cylinbecomes hot while in operation the sodium is liquified and will be sucked by capillary action into the closed space between the insert and the bottom of the receiving recess and thus will ensure a very satisfactory heat transmission from the insert 12 to the cylinder head casting 1.

In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4 the insert 12 and the receiving recess in the cylinder head casting are conformingly stepped up, the portion of the insert containing the combustion chamber 13 being higher than the remaining portion.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. all valve seats, i. e. for the inlet valves, are arranged outside the combustion chamber 13 and the latter has only an opening for an injection nozzle or the like.

While specific embodiments of my invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of my invention, it will be well understood that the same may be otherwise embodied without departing from such principles. 1

What I claim as my invention is:

1. Air or liquid cooled head for cylinders of internal combustion engines comprising a cylinder head casting including inlet and exhaust ports; an at. least approximately cylindrical recess in said casting substantially forming an extension of the cylinder bore; an insert made of heat resistant metal permanently seated in said recess and filling up the same at least substantially to the brim thereof; a combustion chamber within said insert communieating with the cylinder bore and arranged eccentrically to the axis thereof; inlet and exhaust ducts in said insert forming extensions of said inlet and exhaust ports, respectively; and valve seats at the terminal duct openings facing the cylinder bore.

2. Air or liquid cooled head for cylinders of internal combustion engines comprising a cylinder head casting including inlet and exhaust ports; an at least approximately cylindrical recess in said casting substantially forming an extension of the cylinder bore; an insert made of heat resistant metal permanently seated in said recess and filling up the same at least substantially to the brim thereof; a combustion chamber within said insert communicating with the cylinder bore and arranged eccentrically to the axis thereof; inlet and exhaust ducts in said insert forming extensions of said inlet and exhaust ports, respectively, the exhaust duct terminating at the top of the combustion chamber and at least one inlet duct terminating outside said combustion chamber on the surface of the insert opposite the cylinder bore; and valve seats at the terminal duct openings facing the cylinder bore.

3. Airor liquid-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines, according to claim 1, wherein the seat for the exhaust valve is arranged at the top of the combustion chamber and the seat for at least one intake valve is arranged in the surface of the insert facing the cylinder bore outside of the combustion chamber.

4. Airor liquid-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines, according to claim 1, comprising circular sharp edged ledges on the inner surface of the insert contacting the bottom of said recess, said ledges surrounding said inner surface and the inner ends of the ducts, respectively and at least one passage in the cylinder head casting leading into the space bordered by said ledges, and closure means for said passage, the latter adapted to receive a sodium filler.

5. Airor liquid-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines according to claim 1 wherein said recess and said insert are conformingly stepped up, the portion of the insert containing the combustion chamber being higher than its remaining portion.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,180,983 Daiber et al Apr. 25, 1916 1,756,337 Bocoler Apr. 29, 1930 FOREIGN PATENTS 567,828 Germany Jan. 10, 1933 570,623 France May 5, 1924 572,261 France June 3, 1924 777,841 France Dec. 5, 1934 807,344 France Oct. 12, 1936 165,232 Austria Feb. 10, 1950