US3074830A - Combustion mixtures containing guanidine nitrate - Google Patents
Combustion mixtures containing guanidine nitrate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3074830A US3074830A US481A US48160A US3074830A US 3074830 A US3074830 A US 3074830A US 481 A US481 A US 481A US 48160 A US48160 A US 48160A US 3074830 A US3074830 A US 3074830A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- guanidine nitrate
- parts
- gas
- weight
- mixtures containing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine;nitric acid Chemical compound NC(N)=N.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O NDEMNVPZDAFUKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940079938 nitrocellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000331231 Amorphocerini gen. n. 1 DAD-2008 Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009421 Myristica fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001115 mace Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/007—Ballistic modifiers, burning rate catalysts, burning rate depressing agents, e.g. for gas generating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/30—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
- C06B45/32—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
- C06B45/34—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound the compound being an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
- Y10S149/11—Particle size of a component
- Y10S149/111—Nitrated organic compound
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
- Y10S149/11—Particle size of a component
- Y10S149/115—Organic fuel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to composition for generating gas for the purpose, inter alia, of actuating gas pressure operated devices such for instance as the propulsion of rockets and as the gas generative source for reaction motors.
- gas generating charges may be suitable for rocket propulsion and purposes such as blasting operations and dispersion of volatilisable materials or the like they are not wholly satisfactory for purposes where it is highly desirable that the decomposition is uniform throughout the decomposition period with no excessive local over-heating within the charge.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a gas generating charge preferably in compacted form which burns regularly to produce throughout its burning life a substantially even gas generation and homogeneous decomposition at a substantially steady temperature.
- the invention comprises a gas generating charge comprising mixtures preferably in granular or compacted form which include guanidine nitrate or similar amidic derivatives of carbonic acid, at least one oxidising salt, and a catalyst which serves to control and to modulise the burning.
- fillers and/or bonding agents may be incorporated, for example kaolin or china clay or wood flour.
- the invention has particular application for use as the fuel in reaction motors, particularly small reaction motors of the type used in toy or scale aircraft or other vehicles, Where it is desired to have an even thrust throughout the length of burning without any excessive local over-heating which would damage the relatively light gauge casing of the motor.
- the china clay or kaolin serves not only as a filler but also as a bonding agent enabling the mixture to be compacted by pressure without the inclusion of any separate bonding agent.
- binding agents may also be employed to give adhesion between the particles in the pellet or charge.
- heat resisting materials in addition to clay or kaolin such for example as asbestos fibre which functions solely as a heat resisting material and not as a bonding agent.
- the mixture is ground to a suitably small mesh size.
- the actual grain size used in the mixture depends upon the purpose for which the gas generating charge is required and the rate of burning and consequent rate of gas production and pressure created. It has been found that preferably the oxidising salt and the catalyst should be ground to a finer size than the guanidine nitrate and the grain size chosen is largely determined by the burning rate desired, the smaller the grain size the higher the speed of burning.
- the burning temperatures can be in the region of 1200 to 1300 C. and the fuel burns satisfactorily i.e. at a steady rate up to pressures of 100 lbs. per square inch.
- the mixtures of the present invention can be used more particularly in the compacted form as pellets or blocks in a large variety of sizes and can be stored safely without danger of spontaneous combustion or accidental igni tion otherwise than, of course, by a proper ignition temperature.
- the pellets may be coated with a thin film of inflammable lacquer for example nitro cellulose which facilitates their handling without crumbling or fracture and at the same time the film is burnt away when the pellet is fired.
- the invention has particular application for use in miniature gas reaction motors because the casing of these motors are usually made of aluminium or aluminium alloy in order to save weight and the mixtures of the invention have the advantage that local overheating is avoided
- the mixtures may be used for any other purpose where gas production and gas dissemination is required and additional agents may be added to the mixture, for example to increase the burning temperature or to give any other effect required.
- colouring materials or dyestuffs can be added to the mixture to give off a distinctively coloured combustion gas.
- a fuel for generating gas for operating gas pressureoperated devices consisting essentially of a mixture in compacted form of guanidine nitrate to parts by weight, potassium dichromate 35 to 50 parts by weight and sesquioxide of iron 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, the said potassium dichromate and sesquioxide of iron being present in particle size smaller than the particle size of said guanidine nitrate.
- a fuel according to claim 1 in which a bonding agent is present selected from the group consisting of kaolin, china clay and wood flour.
- a fuel according to claim 1 in the form of a compacted pellet in the form of a compacted pellet.
Description
3,074,830 COMBUSTION MIXTURES CONTAG GUANlDlNE NrrnATn Cecil A. Rassier, 177 West St., Erith, Kent, England No Drawing. Filed Jan. 5, 1960, Ser. No. 481 Claims. (Cl. 149-2) The present invention relates to composition for generating gas for the purpose, inter alia, of actuating gas pressure operated devices such for instance as the propulsion of rockets and as the gas generative source for reaction motors.
As generating charges are already known which on local heating are capable of maintaining non detonating decomposition these charges comprise mixtures in compacted form containing guanidine nitrate and a poly-nitroor poly-nitroso-derivative of phenol or of a hydroxynitro, carboxyor methyl substitution derivatives of phenol in which the guanidine nitrate is present in propor tions predominating over the total proportions of the other constituents and the phenol derivative is present in suflicient proportion to render the compact mixture capable of sustaining its own non-detonating decomposition once initiated.
Whilst such gas generating charges may be suitable for rocket propulsion and purposes such as blasting operations and dispersion of volatilisable materials or the like they are not wholly satisfactory for purposes where it is highly desirable that the decomposition is uniform throughout the decomposition period with no excessive local over-heating within the charge.
An object of the present invention is to provide a gas generating charge preferably in compacted form which burns regularly to produce throughout its burning life a substantially even gas generation and homogeneous decomposition at a substantially steady temperature.
Broadly the invention comprises a gas generating charge comprising mixtures preferably in granular or compacted form which include guanidine nitrate or similar amidic derivatives of carbonic acid, at least one oxidising salt, and a catalyst which serves to control and to modulise the burning.
Conveniently fillers and/or bonding agents may be incorporated, for example kaolin or china clay or wood flour.
The invention has particular application for use as the fuel in reaction motors, particularly small reaction motors of the type used in toy or scale aircraft or other vehicles, Where it is desired to have an even thrust throughout the length of burning without any excessive local over-heating which would damage the relatively light gauge casing of the motor.
As an example of a suitable mix for this purpose the following is given:
80 to 90 parts guanidine nitrate 35 to 50 parts potassium dichromate .5 to 2 parts of sesquioxide of iron 1 to 3 parts kaolin or china clay All parts being by Weight The china clay or kaolin serves not only as a filler but also as a bonding agent enabling the mixture to be compacted by pressure without the inclusion of any separate bonding agent. In addition to bonding agents binding agents may also be employed to give adhesion between the particles in the pellet or charge. By varying the amount of filler the duration of burning can be controlled within certain limits.
Whilst it has been found that for the purpose stated sesquioxide of iron is at this date a preferred catalyst 3,074,830 Patented Jan. 22, 1963 which ensures substantial completion of the decomposition of the guanidine nitrate other materials may also be used for example vanadium pentoxide or other vanadate or certain compounds of molybdenum.
Furthermore there may be included into the mixtures small amounts of heat resisting materials in addition to clay or kaolin such for example as asbestos fibre which functions solely as a heat resisting material and not as a bonding agent.
In addition small quantities of a material such as potassium nitrate or potassium permanganate can be introduced up to .5 part by weight since these compounds serve to produce more complete combustion.
Conveniently the mixture is ground to a suitably small mesh size. The actual grain size used in the mixture depends upon the purpose for which the gas generating charge is required and the rate of burning and consequent rate of gas production and pressure created. It has been found that preferably the oxidising salt and the catalyst should be ground to a finer size than the guanidine nitrate and the grain size chosen is largely determined by the burning rate desired, the smaller the grain size the higher the speed of burning.
With pellets made in accordance with the present invention the burning temperatures can be in the region of 1200 to 1300 C. and the fuel burns satisfactorily i.e. at a steady rate up to pressures of 100 lbs. per square inch.
The mixtures of the present invention can be used more particularly in the compacted form as pellets or blocks in a large variety of sizes and can be stored safely without danger of spontaneous combustion or accidental igni tion otherwise than, of course, by a proper ignition temperature. Conveniently the pellets may be coated with a thin film of inflammable lacquer for example nitro cellulose which facilitates their handling without crumbling or fracture and at the same time the film is burnt away when the pellet is fired.
Whilst the invention has particular application for use in miniature gas reaction motors because the casing of these motors are usually made of aluminium or aluminium alloy in order to save weight and the mixtures of the invention have the advantage that local overheating is avoided the mixtures may be used for any other purpose where gas production and gas dissemination is required and additional agents may be added to the mixture, for example to increase the burning temperature or to give any other effect required. Thus colouring materials or dyestuffs can be added to the mixture to give off a distinctively coloured combustion gas.
What I claim is:
1. A fuel for generating gas for operating gas pressureoperated devices consisting essentially of a mixture in compacted form of guanidine nitrate to parts by weight, potassium dichromate 35 to 50 parts by weight and sesquioxide of iron 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, the said potassium dichromate and sesquioxide of iron being present in particle size smaller than the particle size of said guanidine nitrate.
2. A fuel according to claim 1 in which a bonding agent is present selected from the group consisting of kaolin, china clay and wood flour.
3. A fuel according to claim 1 in the form of a compacted pellet.
4. A fuel according to claim 1 in the form of a compacted pellet having a complete protective coating of a combustible lacquer.
5. A fuel according to claim 1 in the form of a compacted pellet having a complete protective coating of a combustible lacquer in the form of a film of nitro-cellulose lacquer.
(References on following page) References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Taylor May 23, 1939 Hull et a1 May 20, 1952 Taylor et a1. May 5, 1953 Mace Apr. 3, 1956 OTHER REFERENCES Chemistry and Engineering News, Oct. 7, 1957, pp.
(Copy in Scientific Library.)
Claims (1)
1. A FUEL FOR GENERATING GAS FOR OPERATING GAS PRESSUREOPERATED DEVICES CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A MIXTURE IN COMPACTED FORM OF GUANIDINE NITRATE 80 TO 90 PARTS BY WEIGHT, POSTASSIM DICHROMATE 35 TO 50 PARTS BY WEIGHT AND SEQUIODIDE OF IRON 0.5 TO 2 PARTS BY WEIGHT POTASSIUM DICHROMATE AND SESQUIOXIDE OF IRON BEING PRESENT IN PARTICLE SIZE SMALLER THAN THE PARTICLE SIZE OF SAID GUANIDINE NITRATE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US481A US3074830A (en) | 1960-01-05 | 1960-01-05 | Combustion mixtures containing guanidine nitrate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US481A US3074830A (en) | 1960-01-05 | 1960-01-05 | Combustion mixtures containing guanidine nitrate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3074830A true US3074830A (en) | 1963-01-22 |
Family
ID=21691704
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US481A Expired - Lifetime US3074830A (en) | 1960-01-05 | 1960-01-05 | Combustion mixtures containing guanidine nitrate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3074830A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995009825A1 (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-04-13 | Nigu Chemie Gmbh | Gas developing agent |
| DE19932466A1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-01-18 | Trw Airbag Sys Gmbh & Co Kg | Azide free gas generating composition |
| US20050066835A1 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2005-03-31 | Anders Hafstrand | Propellant powder charge for barrel weapon |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2159234A (en) * | 1935-03-11 | 1939-05-23 | Ici Ltd | Gas-producing nondetonating composition |
| US2597641A (en) * | 1945-12-03 | 1952-05-20 | Gen Electric | Pressure-operated starting device |
| US2637274A (en) * | 1946-11-29 | 1953-05-05 | Ici Ltd | Power-gas generating device |
| US2740702A (en) * | 1945-07-27 | 1956-04-03 | Aerojet General Co | Propellant composition |
| US2923612A (en) * | 1956-01-27 | 1960-02-02 | Ici Ltd | Gas-producing compositions |
| US2925942A (en) * | 1957-05-21 | 1960-02-23 | Grand Central Rocket Company | Liquid dispenser |
-
1960
- 1960-01-05 US US481A patent/US3074830A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2159234A (en) * | 1935-03-11 | 1939-05-23 | Ici Ltd | Gas-producing nondetonating composition |
| US2740702A (en) * | 1945-07-27 | 1956-04-03 | Aerojet General Co | Propellant composition |
| US2597641A (en) * | 1945-12-03 | 1952-05-20 | Gen Electric | Pressure-operated starting device |
| US2637274A (en) * | 1946-11-29 | 1953-05-05 | Ici Ltd | Power-gas generating device |
| US2923612A (en) * | 1956-01-27 | 1960-02-02 | Ici Ltd | Gas-producing compositions |
| US2925942A (en) * | 1957-05-21 | 1960-02-23 | Grand Central Rocket Company | Liquid dispenser |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1995009825A1 (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-04-13 | Nigu Chemie Gmbh | Gas developing agent |
| DE19932466A1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-01-18 | Trw Airbag Sys Gmbh & Co Kg | Azide free gas generating composition |
| US20050066835A1 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2005-03-31 | Anders Hafstrand | Propellant powder charge for barrel weapon |
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