US3069641A - Coders and decoders for pulse code modulation systems - Google Patents

Coders and decoders for pulse code modulation systems Download PDF

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Publication number
US3069641A
US3069641A US10501A US1050160A US3069641A US 3069641 A US3069641 A US 3069641A US 10501 A US10501 A US 10501A US 1050160 A US1050160 A US 1050160A US 3069641 A US3069641 A US 3069641A
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United States
Prior art keywords
turns
winding
spiral
windings
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US10501A
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English (en)
Inventor
Brewster Arthur Edward
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Standard Electric Corp
Original Assignee
International Standard Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB21295/58A external-priority patent/GB849894A/en
Application filed by International Standard Electric Corp filed Critical International Standard Electric Corp
Priority claimed from GB15660/60A external-priority patent/GB900366A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3069641A publication Critical patent/US3069641A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
    • G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
    • G11C11/34—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
    • G11C11/36—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using diodes, e.g. as threshold elements, i.e. diodes assuming a stable ON-stage when driven above their threshold (S- or N-characteristic)
    • G11C11/38—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using diodes, e.g. as threshold elements, i.e. diodes assuming a stable ON-stage when driven above their threshold (S- or N-characteristic) using tunnel diodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
    • C04B2/02—Lime
    • C04B2/04—Slaking
    • C04B2/06—Slaking with addition of substances, e.g. hydrophobic agents ; Slaking in the presence of other compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B19/00—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source
    • H03B19/03—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source using non-linear inductance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/58—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being tunnel diodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/80—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using non-linear magnetic devices; using non-linear dielectric devices
    • H03K17/82—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using non-linear magnetic devices; using non-linear dielectric devices the devices being transfluxors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K25/00—Pulse counters with step-by-step integration and static storage; Analogous frequency dividers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/45—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of non-linear magnetic or dielectric devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B14/00—Transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B14/02—Transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission characterised by the use of pulse modulation
    • H04B14/04—Transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission characterised by the use of pulse modulation using pulse code modulation
    • H04B14/044—Sample and hold circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
    • H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
    • H03M1/14—Conversion in steps with each step involving the same or a different conversion means and delivering more than one bit

Definitions

  • the cores have hitherto usually been made from a suitable ferrite material, and the ferrite materials available at present place limitations on the switching speed, and the hysteresis loss is generally inconveniently large.
  • Certain metallic materials, such as Permalloy, are in principle more advantageous in these respects, but if the advantages are to be obtained, the corresponding cores would need to be impracticably small, and this would increase the difliculties associated with applying the windmgs.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an alternative assembly for a magnetic core device, which could, for example, be used in a pulse coder or decoder, and which is suitable for manufacture by an automatic process and which also enables metallic magnetic materials to be used instead of ferrite materials.
  • a magnetic core device comprising a toroid formed by a closely wound spiral of magnetic tape, and a winding for carrying a current, a turn of which winding passes between two of the turns of the spiral.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively show side views .at sections of FIG. 1.
  • the electrical advantage of using Permalloy, or other similar alloys, for the magnetic material for the magnetic cores of a coder is only obtained if the Permalloy is very thin, either in the form of thin tape, or of deposited coatings. It is well known in the art to make a toroidal core by closely winding a fiat spiral of Permalloy tape.
  • the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1 comprises such a wound spiral 1, though the turns are shown widely separated for clearness.
  • This embodiment also comprises a number of windings for producing the equivalent of the core assembly which determines the quantising amplitude levels in a pulse coder described, for example, in the specification of co-pending application Serial No.
  • This core assembly comprises 70 separate magnetic cores, and each core has a sampling winding, a signal wave winding, a bias winding, and several output digit pulse windings.
  • the winding of such a core assembly is a very intricate operation which has to be done by hand.
  • each turn of the spiral winding 1 at the sampling winding, and 3 which is the signal wave winding is shown with two turns, and oppositely wound, but each may in practice have 1 or any other suitable number of turns, and both may be wound in the same direction.
  • bias winding 4 At the right-hand side of FIG. 1 there is shown a bias winding 4, the turns of which link different numbers of turns of the spiral, and so must pass between these turns as indicated. Likewise four output digit windings 5, 6, 7 and 8 are also shown, but it will be understood that there may be more or less than four such digit windings. Each digit winding will link only certain of the turns of the spiral.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show side views at sections of FIG. 1 to indicate how the windings are wound. They are only diagrammatic, and are not regular sectional views.
  • FIG. 2 is taken in the neighbourhood of the windings 2 and 4 and FIG. 3 in the neighbourhood of the windings 3 and 5 to 8. From FIG. 2 it will be seen that the sampling winding 2 is an ordinary winding linking all the turns of the spiral 1, while successive turns of the bias winding link 1, 2, 3, etc., turns of the spiral. The reason for this is that the bias fields required for successive turns of the spiral increase proportionally to the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.
  • winding 3 which links all the turns of the spiral in the same way as the samping winding 2.
  • digit winding 7 This is shown as linking the first two turns of the spiral (counting from the inside) and the fifth turn. This winding may also link certain of the other turns of the spiral which are not shown in FIG. 1. Which turns are linked will be determined by the code pattern. All the other digit windings will be applied in the manner shown for digit winding 7, but will link other combinations of the turns of the spiral. Thus winding 5 links turn 1 of the spiral; winding 6 links turns 1, 3 and 5 of the spiral, and winding 8 links turns 2, 3, and 4. These windings may also link other turns of the spiral not shown.
  • the bias and digit windings will preferably be applied during the winding of the spiral, which will be done on a central mandrel (not shown).
  • the windings are put in position whiie the spiral is being wound: thus aftereach turn of the spiral has been wound, one turn of the bias winding is taken round through the centre (for example through a suitable horizontal slot in the mandrel), and a wire for each digit winding which should link the turn is put in position. Then the next turn of the spiral is wound, and the appropriate windings are put in place, and so on.
  • the sampling and signal wave windings 2 and 3 are wound on the complete core in the usual way.
  • a thin ring (not shown) of suitable non-magnetic material as a foundation on which the spiral is wound. It is also desirable to begin the first turn of the spiral at a point 9 near the position where the digit and bias windings are to be applied so that the longest possible are of contact between the first and second turns is obtained before the first turn is linked by any windings.
  • two or three turns of the spiral may be put on as a foundation before any interleaving occurs, in which case the said two or three turns may be treated as constituting the first turn of the spiral, as far as the bias and digit windings are concerned.
  • the spiral should be as tightly wound as possible so that the turns will be in contact throughout the major portion of the circle.
  • the effect of the interleaving of the windings is to divide the magnctic circuit locally into a number of parallel magnetic circuits each of which can be separately biassed and triggered, and thus each of them corresponds to one of the cores of the previously proposed arrangement mentioned above.
  • the magnetic circuits of the outer turns are, of course, longer than those of the inner turns.
  • the extreme range of length can, for example, be of the order of 2:1.
  • the magnetic circuits are triggered by using sampling pulses of specified flux linkage as described in aforesaid copending application, No. 819,089, this difference in magnetic path length is of small consequence.
  • the longer magnetic circuits will require larger currents to trigger them but these larger currents will be available if such sampling pulses are used.
  • FIG. 1 can provide for 70 levels, for example, in case it is desired to code a signal wave having 35 positive and 35 negative levels, then it is preferable to use two arrangements according to FIG. 1, each designed for 35 levels, and they would then be oppositely biassed.
  • the assembly shown in FIG. 1 should be as small as is practicable in order to minimise the hysteresis losses.
  • the core could have an internal diameter of 0.25 inch, and could be wound with suitable Permailoy tape (1.0005 inch 6.1 inch w de, and the wire used for the elled copper wire (diameter ⁇ 2.0924 inch). Then the maximum magnetic path length would be about 1.6 times the maximum path length in the case of a core which provides for 35 levels.
  • windings could alternatively be wound with thin insulated copper tape instead of copper wire.
  • FIG. 1 can be adapted for a decoder by applying and interleaving the required rindings in the manner described.
  • a device called a transfluxor used for information storage, comprises a solid toroidal core of ferromagnetic material through the material of which one or more small holes are provided parallel to the axis of the toroid, by means of which holes the magnetic circuit of the toroid is divided into two or more parallel magnetic circuits. Windings are threaded through the small hol s which do not pass through the centre of the toroid. It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the equivalent of a transfiuXor may be produced by the device shown in FIG. 1 by interleaving suitable windings with the turns of the spiral, and the arrangement can provide a much larger number of parallel magnetic circuits than would be practicable with a transfluxor in its ordinary form.
  • a magnetic core device for use in an electric pulse coder or decoder comprising a close'y wound spiral of magnetic tape forming a flat toroidal disc, a plurality of digit windings each of which comprises a conductor which passes between certain adjacent turns of the spiral in such manner that each digit winding effectively links only predetermined turns of the spiral, the predetermined turns of the spiral which are linked being different for each digit winding, a bias winding having a plurality of turns and consisting of a conductor which is inteleaved with the turns of the spiral in such manner that different turns of the bias winding effectively link respectively different numbers of turns of the spiral, and two further windings each of which links all the turns of the spiral.
  • a magnetic device comprising:
  • a toroidal core consisting of a plurality of closely wound turns of magnetic tape
  • a winding consisting of at least three coils connected in series, each coil linking a different number of adjacent turns of said toroidal core.
  • a device comprising a further winding for carrying a current, and having a plurality of turns interleaved with the turns of said toroidal core in such manner that different turns of the said further winding effectively link respectively diiferent numbers of turns of said toroidal core.
  • a device according to claim 2 comprising an addi tional winding for carrying a current, which additional winding links all the turns of said toroidal core.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Recording Or Reproducing By Magnetic Means (AREA)
US10501A 1958-07-03 1960-02-23 Coders and decoders for pulse code modulation systems Expired - Lifetime US3069641A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB21295/58A GB849894A (en) 1958-07-03 1958-07-03 Improvements in or relating to magnetic information storage arrangements
GB33933/58A GB849895A (en) 1958-07-03 1958-10-23 Improvements in or relating to magnetic information storage arrangements
GB6659/59A GB849896A (en) 1958-07-03 1959-02-26 Improvements in or relating to coders and decoders for pulse code modulation systems
GB15660/60A GB900366A (en) 1960-05-04 1960-05-04 Improvements in or relating to electrical storage and gating arrangements

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US3069641A true US3069641A (en) 1962-12-18

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US10501A Expired - Lifetime US3069641A (en) 1958-07-03 1960-02-23 Coders and decoders for pulse code modulation systems
US34948A Expired - Lifetime US3110895A (en) 1958-07-03 1960-06-09 Coders for electric pulse code modulation systems

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US34948A Expired - Lifetime US3110895A (en) 1958-07-03 1960-06-09 Coders for electric pulse code modulation systems

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US (2) US3069641A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH378949A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1223879B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (2) GB847334A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (4) NL248777A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3181001A (en) * 1958-11-13 1965-04-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Magnetic trigger devices
US3296455A (en) * 1962-08-15 1967-01-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Bistable magnetic core circuit
US3387264A (en) * 1964-07-29 1968-06-04 Allen Bradley Co Time division multiplexer having synchronized magnetic core transmitter and receiver

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1849485A (en) * 1930-02-15 1932-03-15 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Transformer
US2284401A (en) * 1940-08-27 1942-05-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Modulation circuit

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2696347A (en) * 1953-06-19 1954-12-07 Rca Corp Magnetic switching circuit
US2768367A (en) * 1954-12-30 1956-10-23 Rca Corp Magnetic memory and magnetic switch systems
US2913596A (en) * 1957-08-05 1959-11-17 Gen Electric Magnetic frequency converter
FR78798E (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1958-10-23 1963-01-02

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1849485A (en) * 1930-02-15 1932-03-15 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Transformer
US2284401A (en) * 1940-08-27 1942-05-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Modulation circuit

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Publication number Publication date
GB847334A (en) 1960-09-07
NL248777A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-03-10
CH378949A (de) 1964-06-30
NL264359A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-06-10
NL253229A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-03-25
DE1223879B (de) 1966-09-01
US3110895A (en) 1963-11-12
NL244645A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB849896A (en) 1960-09-28

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