US3064577A - Practice projectile - Google Patents
Practice projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3064577A US3064577A US643815A US64381557A US3064577A US 3064577 A US3064577 A US 3064577A US 643815 A US643815 A US 643815A US 64381557 A US64381557 A US 64381557A US 3064577 A US3064577 A US 3064577A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- tail
- practice
- recess
- charge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/40—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of target-marking, i.e. impact-indicating type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
- F42B8/12—Projectiles or missiles
- F42B8/18—Rifle grenades
Definitions
- a practice projectile of this type has the disadvantage of being expensive, since it is not recoverable, whilst it must nevertheless be made with the same care and with the same margins of tolerance as the corresponding live projectile, in order to comply with the same ballistic conditions as the latter.
- the present invention aims at producing a practice projectile which is not only inexpensive but also of simple construction, and strong and accurate in firing, even at supersonic speeds.
- a projectile having a fin assembly is stable only if its center of gravity is located forward of, and at a sufficient distance from, the point of application of the air resistance (center of thrust), with a view to increasing the torque tending to keep the projectile continuously in the direction of the trajectory determined by the initial conditions of firing.
- center of thrust the point of application of the air resistance
- the object of the invention is a practice projectile to be fired from a gun, said practice projectile comprising a body, a tubular tail fixed to said body, a fin assembly at the extremity of said tail, a percussion fuze in front of said body, and a marking charge inside said body towards the front end of the tail, said tail constituting an expansion chamber for the gases of said charge, said gases being ejected at the rear end of said tail on impact of the projectile on the target.
- the body of the projectile, interrupted near the section of maxi-mum diameter has at this point a rear annular portion normal to the axis of the projectile, through the center of which portion the tail penetrates into the body, the diameter of said tail being substantially less than that of the body.
- the rear face of the body may contain a recess to the bottom of which the tail is fastened, the said recess being of a diameter greater than that of .the tail of the projectile so as to provide a peripheral space between the tail and the wall bounding said recess.
- a projectile is thus produced, the body of which is reduced to a conical part which is given a high form factor and the rear caliber-size part of which is as light as possible so that, for a given weight of the assembly and a strength compatible with the accelerations and pressures inside the bore, the construction enables the center of 3,064,577 Patented Nov. 20, 1962 gravity to be brought to the vicinity of the section of maximum diameter and hence the projectile to be given the required optimum stability and precision.
- the rear part of the body is provided with at least one tracer, eccentric in relation to the axis of the projectile.
- the projectile on being given a slow rotation on leaving the gun imparts to the tracer a helicoidal movement the result of which is to increase the visibility of the trajectory after the passing of the projectile.
- Such a projectile may be provided with a plurality of tracers distributed symmetrically over the rear part of the said body.
- FIGURE 1 is an axial semi-section of one embodiment
- FIGURE 2 is an axial section illustrating the operation of the projectile of FIG. 1 on impact on the target and
- FIGURE 3 is an axial section of a second embodiment.
- a conical body 1 contains, at the front, a fuze with a projecting head 2, in the vicinity of the maximum diameter of which is a driving band 3 and said body contains an internal recess 4 widening out from the front to the rear.
- a tubular and cylindrical tail 5 of substantially less diameter than that of the body, is screwed into the body 1 at the bottom of the recess 4 and said tail is provided, at its rear end with a stabilizing fin assembly 6, terminated by a tracer carrier 7 containing a pyrotechnic compound or tracer 8.
- a marking charge 9, housed in a case -10 is held in the front part of the tail 5 by pinching the rim 11 of the case 10 between the front portion of the said tail and a washer 12 bearing against a bearing surface 13 at the bottom of the cavity 4.
- the case 10 acts also as an obturating means which is able to yield on ignition of the marking charge 9.
- the body 1 shown in FIGURE 1 may advantageously be made of steel, while the tail 5 and the fin assembly 6 are of light alloy.
- the projectile shown in FIGURE 1 is made up into a shell inside a case (not shown on the drawing).
- the marking charge 9a is disposed, not in the tail, but inside an axial recess provided in the body 1a.
- Thesaid charge 9a is held in position by an obturator or obturating means 14, which is in turn locked by screwing the tail 5 into the body 1a.
- Two diametrically opposite tracers 15, 16 are arranged in corresponding orifices at the rear of the body 1a.
- the propulsion gases impart the ignition to the tracers 15, 16.
- the pressure of the gases is exerted simultaneously on the two faces of the tail 5, since it is open to the rear, this latter arrangement enabling the tail to be lightened in weight.
- a practice projectile to be fired from a gun said projectile comprising a conical body, a percussion fuse on the front end of the body, said body having its maximum diameter at the rear end, said rear end having a recess of substantial depth flaring toward the rear, a driving band mounted on said body opposite the point of maximurn diameter of the recess, a cylindrical hollow tail fixed in said body in advance of said recess and of lesser 3 7 diameter than that of the smaller end of the recess, and 1,316,296 a fin assembly mounted on the rear end of the tail.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Description
Nov. 20, 1962 E. W. BRAN DT PRACTICE PROJECTILE Filed March 4, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. By MM- M4 mm Nov. 20, 1962 E. w. BRANDT 3,064,577
PRACTICE PROJECTILE Filed March 4, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 .EigzS IN V EN TOR.
@MZ M: mm M W 3,064,577 PRACTICE FROJECTILE Edgar William Brandt, Geneva, Switzerland, assignor to Anstalt fiir die Entwickluug von Erfindnngen und Gewerblichen Anwendungen Energa, Vaduz, Liechtenstein, a corporation of Liechtenstein Filed Mar. 4, 1957, Ser. No. 643,815 Claims priority, application Switzerland Mar. 8, 1956 1 Claim. (Cl. 10250) Projectiles are known which, although fired from a gun, are stabilized by a fin assembly and are given a slow rotation (resulting from a low angle of rifling of the weapon) intended to prevent the systematic deviation to which they would be subject if they did not rotate. These projectiles, which are generally fired at supersonic speeds, are often stabilized by a fin assembly of greater diameter than the caliber thereof, i.e. by one which is adapted to unfold on leaving the gun.
A practice projectile of this type has the disadvantage of being expensive, since it is not recoverable, whilst it must nevertheless be made with the same care and with the same margins of tolerance as the corresponding live projectile, in order to comply with the same ballistic conditions as the latter.
The present invention aims at producing a practice projectile which is not only inexpensive but also of simple construction, and strong and accurate in firing, even at supersonic speeds.
A projectile having a fin assembly is stable only if its center of gravity is located forward of, and at a sufficient distance from, the point of application of the air resistance (center of thrust), with a view to increasing the torque tending to keep the projectile continuously in the direction of the trajectory determined by the initial conditions of firing. As a result, it is necessary to make a number of new structural changes and to make a judicious choice of the materials used, in order thus to bring the center of gravity of the projectile as far forward as possible.
The object of the invention is a practice projectile to be fired from a gun, said practice projectile comprising a body, a tubular tail fixed to said body, a fin assembly at the extremity of said tail, a percussion fuze in front of said body, and a marking charge inside said body towards the front end of the tail, said tail constituting an expansion chamber for the gases of said charge, said gases being ejected at the rear end of said tail on impact of the projectile on the target.
By virtue of this construction, in the case of practice at a target having little resistance, for example wooden panels, marking on impact remains visible even if the projectile has already partly passed through the target on the iginition of the charge.
Preferably, the body of the projectile, interrupted near the section of maxi-mum diameter has at this point a rear annular portion normal to the axis of the projectile, through the center of which portion the tail penetrates into the body, the diameter of said tail being substantially less than that of the body.
The rear face of the body may contain a recess to the bottom of which the tail is fastened, the said recess being of a diameter greater than that of .the tail of the projectile so as to provide a peripheral space between the tail and the wall bounding said recess.
A projectile is thus produced, the body of which is reduced to a conical part which is given a high form factor and the rear caliber-size part of which is as light as possible so that, for a given weight of the assembly and a strength compatible with the accelerations and pressures inside the bore, the construction enables the center of 3,064,577 Patented Nov. 20, 1962 gravity to be brought to the vicinity of the section of maximum diameter and hence the projectile to be given the required optimum stability and precision.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the rear part of the body is provided with at least one tracer, eccentric in relation to the axis of the projectile. The projectile on being given a slow rotation on leaving the gun imparts to the tracer a helicoidal movement the result of which is to increase the visibility of the trajectory after the passing of the projectile.
Such a projectile may be provided with a plurality of tracers distributed symmetrically over the rear part of the said body.
In order to enable the invention to be more readily understood, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which illustrate diagrammatically and by way of example, two embodiments thereof, and in which:
FIGURE 1 is an axial semi-section of one embodiment,
FIGURE 2 is an axial section illustrating the operation of the projectile of FIG. 1 on impact on the target and FIGURE 3 is an axial section of a second embodiment.
In FIGURE 1, a conical body 1 contains, at the front, a fuze with a projecting head 2, in the vicinity of the maximum diameter of which is a driving band 3 and said body contains an internal recess 4 widening out from the front to the rear. A tubular and cylindrical tail 5 of substantially less diameter than that of the body, is screwed into the body 1 at the bottom of the recess 4 and said tail is provided, at its rear end with a stabilizing fin assembly 6, terminated by a tracer carrier 7 containing a pyrotechnic compound or tracer 8.
A marking charge 9, housed in a case -10 is held in the front part of the tail 5 by pinching the rim 11 of the case 10 between the front portion of the said tail and a washer 12 bearing against a bearing surface 13 at the bottom of the cavity 4. The case 10 acts also as an obturating means which is able to yield on ignition of the marking charge 9. The body 1 shown in FIGURE 1 may advantageously be made of steel, while the tail 5 and the fin assembly 6 are of light alloy.
The projectile shown in FIGURE 1 is made up into a shell inside a case (not shown on the drawing).
When the projectile illustrated in FIGURE 1 strikes the target (FIGURE 2), the fuze 2 ignites the marking charge 9. The gases of the charge and the smoke pro duced thereby expand in the tail 5 and eject the tracer carrier 7. The result is an opaque cloud, which locates the position of the impact.
In the embodiment shown in FIGURE 3 the marking charge 9a is disposed, not in the tail, but inside an axial recess provided in the body 1a. Thesaid charge 9a is held in position by an obturator or obturating means 14, which is in turn locked by screwing the tail 5 into the body 1a. Two diametrically opposite tracers 15, 16 are arranged in corresponding orifices at the rear of the body 1a. On firing, the propulsion gases impart the ignition to the tracers 15, 16. It will further be noted that the pressure of the gases is exerted simultaneously on the two faces of the tail 5, since it is open to the rear, this latter arrangement enabling the tail to be lightened in weight.
What I claim is:
A practice projectile to be fired from a gun, said projectile comprising a conical body, a percussion fuse on the front end of the body, said body having its maximum diameter at the rear end, said rear end having a recess of substantial depth flaring toward the rear, a driving band mounted on said body opposite the point of maximurn diameter of the recess, a cylindrical hollow tail fixed in said body in advance of said recess and of lesser 3 7 diameter than that of the smaller end of the recess, and 1,316,296 a fin assembly mounted on the rear end of the tail. 1, 27,372 2,338,137 References Cited in the file of this patent 2,801,586
UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 1,005,578 Schneider Oct. 10, 1911 443,451 1,011,863 Semple Dec. 12, 1911 1,077,082
1,159,653 Cushing Nov. 9, 1915 4 Gathmann Sept. 16, 1919 Bessiere Ian. 6, 1920 Shea Jan. 4, 1944 Mongello Aug. 6, 1957 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain Feb. 28, 1936 France Apr. 28, 1954 France Sept. 10. 1956
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH804899X | 1956-03-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3064577A true US3064577A (en) | 1962-11-20 |
Family
ID=4537970
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US643815A Expired - Lifetime US3064577A (en) | 1956-03-08 | 1957-03-04 | Practice projectile |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3064577A (en) |
BE (1) | BE554609A (en) |
CH (2) | CH328473A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1063065B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1176138A (en) |
GB (1) | GB804899A (en) |
LU (1) | LU34920A1 (en) |
NL (2) | NL214725A (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3343488A (en) * | 1965-11-10 | 1967-09-26 | Robert J Sherwood | Mortar shell |
US3726495A (en) * | 1970-01-20 | 1973-04-10 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Projectile |
US3810426A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1974-05-14 | Celesco Industries Inc | Gun launched training projectile |
US3811381A (en) * | 1972-03-16 | 1974-05-21 | Fmc Corp | Smoke spotting cartridge |
US20150083012A1 (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2015-03-26 | Enrico R. Mutascio | Rear ejection impact marking ammunition assembly |
US20220026186A1 (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2022-01-27 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Test and/or practice ammunition |
US11287236B1 (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-03-29 | Frank Dindl | Training cartridge with day/night/thermal visible signature |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2726945A1 (en) | 1977-06-15 | 1979-01-04 | Nico Pyrotechnik | UEB FLOOR FOR MOERSER O.DGL. |
FR2448705A1 (en) * | 1979-02-08 | 1980-09-05 | Losfeld Christian | Smoke emitting base for rifle launched practice grenade - of moulded type having escape holes opened by gas on firing, and has internal reinforcement and ring fitted in grenade |
SE427694B (en) * | 1979-04-02 | 1983-04-25 | Bofors Ab | SPECIAL FOR TRAINING ENDAMELY USED FULL-CALIBRATED OVEN GRANGE |
GB2223294A (en) * | 1988-06-17 | 1990-04-04 | Royal Ordnance Plc | Impact indicator |
DE19640707A1 (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 1998-04-09 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Ballistic practice floor |
DE102018107182A1 (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-09-26 | Rwm Schweiz Ag | Projectile with ground lighters and markers |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1005578A (en) * | 1911-05-03 | 1911-10-10 | Eugene Schneider | Incendiary projectile. |
US1011863A (en) * | 1911-04-24 | 1911-12-12 | John B Semple | Tracer for projectiles. |
US1159653A (en) * | 1915-02-19 | 1915-11-09 | John B Semple | Projectile. |
US1316296A (en) * | 1919-09-16 | High-explosive shell | ||
US1327372A (en) * | 1917-05-14 | 1920-01-06 | Bessiere Gustave | Projectile |
GB443451A (en) * | 1934-11-03 | 1936-02-28 | Blackburn Aeroplane & Motor Co | Improvements in or relating to practice bombs, smoke and gas shells and the like |
US2338137A (en) * | 1942-08-04 | 1944-01-04 | Gerald H Shea | Mortar flare shell |
FR1077082A (en) * | 1959-03-10 | 1954-11-04 | Soc Tech De Rech Ind | Rocket safety device |
FR1129581A (en) * | 1955-07-11 | 1957-01-23 | Soc Tech De Rech Ind | Smoke projectile |
US2801586A (en) * | 1953-09-03 | 1957-08-06 | Mongello Thomas | Subcaliber mortar trainer shell |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB460842A (en) * | 1935-05-04 | 1937-02-04 | Latham Valentine Stewart Black | Improvements in and relating to projectiles |
-
0
- NL NL99095D patent/NL99095C/xx active
- LU LU34920D patent/LU34920A1/xx unknown
- NL NL214725D patent/NL214725A/xx unknown
- BE BE554609D patent/BE554609A/xx unknown
-
1956
- 1956-03-08 CH CH328473D patent/CH328473A/en unknown
- 1956-10-25 CH CH331883D patent/CH331883A/en unknown
-
1957
- 1957-01-31 DE DEA26494A patent/DE1063065B/en active Pending
- 1957-01-31 FR FR1176138D patent/FR1176138A/en not_active Expired
- 1957-02-18 GB GB5471/57A patent/GB804899A/en not_active Expired
- 1957-03-04 US US643815A patent/US3064577A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1316296A (en) * | 1919-09-16 | High-explosive shell | ||
US1011863A (en) * | 1911-04-24 | 1911-12-12 | John B Semple | Tracer for projectiles. |
US1005578A (en) * | 1911-05-03 | 1911-10-10 | Eugene Schneider | Incendiary projectile. |
US1159653A (en) * | 1915-02-19 | 1915-11-09 | John B Semple | Projectile. |
US1327372A (en) * | 1917-05-14 | 1920-01-06 | Bessiere Gustave | Projectile |
GB443451A (en) * | 1934-11-03 | 1936-02-28 | Blackburn Aeroplane & Motor Co | Improvements in or relating to practice bombs, smoke and gas shells and the like |
US2338137A (en) * | 1942-08-04 | 1944-01-04 | Gerald H Shea | Mortar flare shell |
US2801586A (en) * | 1953-09-03 | 1957-08-06 | Mongello Thomas | Subcaliber mortar trainer shell |
FR1129581A (en) * | 1955-07-11 | 1957-01-23 | Soc Tech De Rech Ind | Smoke projectile |
FR1077082A (en) * | 1959-03-10 | 1954-11-04 | Soc Tech De Rech Ind | Rocket safety device |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3343488A (en) * | 1965-11-10 | 1967-09-26 | Robert J Sherwood | Mortar shell |
US3726495A (en) * | 1970-01-20 | 1973-04-10 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Projectile |
US3811381A (en) * | 1972-03-16 | 1974-05-21 | Fmc Corp | Smoke spotting cartridge |
US3810426A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1974-05-14 | Celesco Industries Inc | Gun launched training projectile |
US20150083012A1 (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2015-03-26 | Enrico R. Mutascio | Rear ejection impact marking ammunition assembly |
US20220026186A1 (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2022-01-27 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Test and/or practice ammunition |
US11287236B1 (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-03-29 | Frank Dindl | Training cartridge with day/night/thermal visible signature |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL214725A (en) | |
LU34920A1 (en) | |
CH328473A (en) | 1958-03-15 |
GB804899A (en) | 1958-11-26 |
DE1063065B (en) | 1959-08-06 |
CH331883A (en) | 1958-08-15 |
BE554609A (en) | |
NL99095C (en) | |
FR1176138A (en) | 1959-04-07 |
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