US3060429A - Certificate of correction - Google Patents
Certificate of correction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3060429A US3060429A US73581758A US3060429A US 3060429 A US3060429 A US 3060429A US 73581758 A US73581758 A US 73581758A US 3060429 A US3060429 A US 3060429A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- jet
- ink
- platen
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L13/00—Details of the apparatus or circuits covered by groups H04L15/00 or H04L17/00
- H04L13/18—Details of the apparatus or circuits covered by groups H04L15/00 or H04L17/00 of receivers
- H04L13/182—Printing mechanisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
- B41J2/02—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet
- B41J2/035—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet by electric or magnetic field
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L15/00—Apparatus or local circuits for transmitting or receiving dot-and-dash codes, e.g. Morse code
- H04L15/24—Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end
- H04L15/28—Code reproducing apparatus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S101/00—Printing
- Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for applying a marking medium to a recording medium, and more particularly, to an electrostatic inking apparatus and a method for electrostatically depositing ink on controlled areas of a receiving surface.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of and apparatus for electrostatically forming a controled ray-like jet of a marking medium and directing it to a receiving surface.
- a still further object of the present invention is to provide a method of and apparatus for forming a controlled jet of ink electrostatically, and for guiding the jet so formed to deflect its course in accordance with a prede termined pattern.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a mechanism for and a method of electrostatically generating a ray-like jet of ink between a source of ink and a receiving surface and for utilizing electrostatic devices to accelerate the travel of the jet and to deflect the jet in accordance with a predetermined pattern.
- ink is delivered to a capillary nozzle under suflicient pressure to form a bulge or convex meniscus at the end of the nozzle, but not suflicient to product a flow of the ink out of the nozzle.
- An electrostatic field is established between the nozzle and a conductive platen which is placed opposite the exit of the nozzle, by applying a potential difference between the platen and nozzle, whereby the ink is drawn out and the bulge will be drawn into an elongated shape having a tip from which a fine ray-like jet is drawn toward the plate or platen.
- the method may be practiced by utilizing a valving plate or anode having a hole in its through which the jet of ink is directed.
- the jet may be controlled to interrupt its flow toward the ink receiving surface and platen.
- This plate also serves to prevent the jet of ink from forming into a spray and maintains the jet in a ray-like stream.
- deflecting electrodes for deflecting the direction of the jet by varying the voltage applied to the electrodes and these electrodes are controlled to cause the jet to form characters or other patterns on a tape or sheet may be held stationary against the platen or may be moved continuously or step by step along the platen.
- FIG. 1 is an illustration of the simplest form of the apparatus, wherein a jet of ink is directed against a paper tape;
- FlG. 2 is a fragmentary detailed view showing the capillary nozzle
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a second embodiment of the invention, wherein a valving plate is used for controlling the flow of the jet of ink;
- FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of an alternate embodiment of the invention utilizing an accelerating plate and a valving plate for controlling the fiow of the jet, and
- FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view similar to FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 showing, in addition to the material shown in FIG. 4, sets of electrodes for deflecting the ray-like jet or beam of ink from its path to control the deposition of the ink on the paper in a predetermined pattern which may be controlled by controlling the voltages supplied to the defleeting electrodes.
- FIG. 1 wherein there is illustrated the simplest form of the apparatus for practicing the invention, it will be seen that there is provided a web or tape 10 of paper or other ink receiving medium.
- This tape 10 may be moved across the face of a conductive platen 11 by any suitable driving means and serves as a record strip onto which a stream or jet of ink 12 is to be directed from a nozzle 13.
- the nozzle 13 at its exit end comprises a capillary tube 14 having an inside diameter of the order of .005 inch and an outside diameter of the order of .010 inch.
- This tube 14 may be made of conducting or non-conducting material.
- the exit end of the nozzle 13 was spaced from the platen 11 a distance of approximately .035 inch and the nozzle 13 was supplied with ink from a reservoir 15 under suflicient hydrostatic pressure to cause the ink to form a convex meniscus such as shown at 16 in FIG. 2, but not suflicient to cause the ink to flow from the nozzle 13 unless influenced by other forces than the hydrostatic pressure.
- the voltage applied between the plate 11 and the ink through the electrode 17 produces a force on the surface of the ink which is equivalent to a positive pressure tending to extend the bulge at the capillary orifice. This pressure was found to be equivalent to several inches of hydrostatic pressure.
- This extra charge is also attracted toward the platen and therefore increases the force on the protuberance, making it extend even more.
- the cumulative effect of this action is to form a ray-like jet of the ink moving toward the platen.
- the degree of extension of the meniscus and drawing out of the ink into the jet depends upon the surface tension of the liquid (which seeks to minimize the area of the bulge), the net hydrostatic pressures (which tend to exert a pressure outward in all directions) and on the outside diameter of the capillary tube 14 (which determined the basic size of the meniscus or bulge in the first place).
- the stream can be maintained uniform along its entire length after it has been reduced to the size of the jet only under proper conditions of the shape of the electrostatic field and the intensity gradient. Otherwise, because of diverging field effects and mutual repulsion of the droplets, a spray will be formed.
- the applied voltage should be maintained within predetermined limits. For example, if the end of the capillary tube 14 and the web supporting surface of the platen 11 are spaced apart .040 to .045 inch and a potential difference of 2000 volts is applied between the capillary tube 14 and the platen 11, a jet will be formed substantially conforming to the configuration disclosed in FIG. 2. This jet will start to form when the potential diiference is 1800 volts, will completely form when the potential difference reaches 2000 volts and will be maintained if the potential difference is maintained between 2000 and 2200 volts.
- the potential difference between the nozzle 13 and the platen 11 is increased to 2500 volts, there is a tendency for the meniscus to move back toward the shape shown at 16.
- a jet of ink will still be formed and may be guided by suitable electrodes at the proper potentials.
- the potential diflference is raised to approximately 3000 volts, a corona or are is formed and the jet is destroyed.
- the spacing of the nozzle 13 from the platen 11 was .040 to .045 inch.
- a plate similar to the platen 11, was spaced from a nozzle, similar to the nozzle 13, a distance of approximately .075 inch, this plate was covered with a layer of insulation approximately .006
- the ray-like jet of ink is so fine that, while a very fine line of ink on a moving web of paper will be formed when the hydrostatic head of ink at the capillary is maintained as described hereinbefore, it has been found that the jet will be forced to carry more ink if the hydrostatic pressure at the nozzle is increased.
- a head of pressure of 18 inches has produced a highly satisfactory jet even though this high a head of pressure may cause the ink to ooze out of the capillary tube when no jet is being formed electrostatically.
- the electrostatic effect will disappear and the ink configuration will return to that of the slight bulge or meniscus as shown at 16 in FIG. 2.
- the dynamic configuration will re-appear, but not immediately.
- the time lag is largely a function of the viscosity of the marking medium or ink that is used, and obviously, the time lag will increase as the viscosity increases. The time lag thus could decrease if a less viscous ink were used than the ink described hereinbefore.
- the nozzle 13 having ink supplied to it at a pressure sufficient to form the proper meniscus or bulge 16, is
- a valving plate 21 positioned at a distance of .040 to .045 inch from a valving plate 21 and is maintained at +2000 volts either by utilizing the electrode 17 or by using a nozzle made of conducting material and connecting the voltage source to the nozzle.
- the platen 11 is constantly maintained at approximately 5000 volts and the valving plate 21 is interposed between the nozzle 13 and the platen 11.
- the valving plate 21 has an aperture 22 formed in it which is of the order of .015 inch in diameter and the jet 12 is directed from the nozzle 13 toward the platen 11 through this aperture.
- the valving plate 21 is connected to a suitable voltage source through a control device 23 which may be operated to maintain the plate 21 at either ground potential or at +500 volts.
- the valving plate 21 When the valving plate 21 is maintained at ground potential, the jet 12 will be directed through it and will be accelerated by it, toward the platen 11.
- the control device 23 When the control device 23 is operated to change the voltage of the plate 21 from ground potential to +500 volts, this change in the potential difference between the nozzle 13 and the valving plate 21 will be sufficient to interrupt the flow of ink from the nozzle 13 and cause the meniscus at the nozzle to return to the configuration as illustrated at 16 in FIG. 2.
- the valving plate 21 serves as a means for turning the jet 12 on and off and may be controlled by the control device 23 in any suitable manner to determine the duration of the jet. Consequently, if the tape is drawn past the platen 11 as shown in FIG. 3 at a constant known rate, the apparatus as shown in FIG. 3 will effect the same result as described in connection with the apparatus of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 there is illustrated an embodiment of the invention wherein the jet 12 is directed from the nozzle 13 onto the tape 10 in front of the platen 11 and is con trolled by a pair of electrodes or plates 31 and 33 having apertures 32 and 34 in them, respectively.
- the electrode or plate 31 serves as a jet forming electrode whereas the plate 33 serves as a valving or shut-off electrode.
- the aperture 32 in the plate 31 was .015 inch in diameter and the aperture 34 in plate 33 was .040 inch in diameter.
- the plate 31 was positioned .035 inch from the end of the nozzle 13, the plate 33 was located .045 inch from the plate 31 and the platen 11 was .200 inch from the plate 33.
- a jet of ink may be directed to the tape 10 under control of the valving plate 33.
- the potential of the valving plate 33 is raised to approximately +2500 volts, the jet of ink will be directed back against the surface of the plate 31 substantially as indicated by the dotted lines at 35 and with this arrangement, it is possible to get a faster response than with the previously described embodiments of the apparatus, by varying the voltage of the valving plate or electrode 33, since the stream of ink from the nozzle 13 is never stopped but rather is diverted by the valving plate or electrode 33 away from the paper 10.
- FIG. 5 there is illustrated an embodiment of the invention wherein the beam or jet of ink 12 which is projected from the nozzle 13 is directed through an aperture 40, in a valving plate 41, in its path toward the platen 11.
- the jet or ray of ink 12, after passing through the aperature 40 is directed between a pair of vertical deflection electrodes 42 and 43 and thence between a pair of horizontal deflecting electrodes 44 and 45.
- the electrodes 42, 43, 44 and 45 serve to guide the jet 12 somewhat in the manner that the deflecting electrodes of a cathode ray tube deflect the electron beam therein.
- the structure to provide for generating an ink jet and using it for the printing of character images there is embodied the structure to provide for generating an ink jet and using it for the printing of character images.
- the reservoir 15 would prefer-ably be positioned approximately 6 inches above the nozzle 13 in order to provide the proper meniscus 16 at the orifice of the nozzle, as is true in all the other embodiments of the invention discussed hereinbefore.
- a suitable jet 12 may be generated and directed from the nozzle to the tape or web of paper 10.
- the nozzle voltage has been found to be effective if it is maintained at +4000 volts with the plate 41 at a potential of +2000 volts and the platen 11 potential at -3000 volts.
- the jet may be turned off by raising the voltage of the plate 41 from +2000 volts to +2500 volts positive so that the potential difference between the nozzle 13 and the plate 41 is reduced from 2000 volts to 1500 volts.
- This shift in potential difference will turn the jet on or ofl.
- the deflecting electrodes 42, 43, 44 and 45 comprise two pairs of fine wires, but might well be plates, spaced about .015 inch to either side of the axis of the jet 12.
- the pair of electrodes 42 and 43 were located approximately .040 inch from the plate 41 and the second pair, that is, the pair of electrodes which effects the horizontal deflection and are designated 44 and 45, were spaced .040 inch from the first pair.
- the vertical deflection electrodes 42 and 43 were maintained at a level of about 1200 volts positive while the horizontal deflection electrodes 44 and 45 were maintained at a level of about 400 volts positive. These levels are such as to keep an approximately constant potential gradient between the plate 41 and the platen 11. Deflection of the jet 12 may be produced by raising the potential of one electrode of a pair of electrodes while lowering the potential on the other electrode. A potential difference of 500 volts between the members of either the pair 42 and 43 or the pair 44 and 45 will produce a deflection of about .070 inch at the platen 11.
- the tape 10 may be stepped intermittently, and each time it comes to rest, a character may be formed on the tape by deflecting the jet 12 under control of the electrodes 42 to 45 and turning the jet on and off by means of the plate 41.
- This result may be efiected in a number of ways, for example, the ink spot can be made to sweep the character area several times in a vertical direction, and to he stepped horizontally during each retrace, forming a line raster covering the character image.
- the jet may be turned on when a dark portion of the image is to be recorded and oh when a background portion is to be recorded.
- An apparatus for directing a jet of ink onto a recording medium which comprises (a) a nozzle, (b) means for supplying ink to said nozzle at a pres- '8 sure that maintains a bulging meniscus at the exit of the nozzle,
- (11) means for applying a potential between the exit of the nozzle and the plate in the range of approximately 1800 to 2200 volts to generate a jet of ink in a single file of droplets
- (It) means for applying a potential of 7000 volts to 8000 volts between the platen and the nozzle to attract the file of droplets onto said recording medium.
- An apparatus for directing a jet of ink onto a recording medium comprising (a) a nozzle,
- (g) means for applying a potential which is 2500 volts different from the potential of the nozzle in the said gradient to stop the flow of ink from the nozzle.
- An apparatus for directing a jet of a marking me dium from a nozzle and attracting it onto a recording medium comprising (a) a nozzle,
- an accelerating electrode spaced approximately .035 from said nozzle and having an aperture in alignment with a jet of marking medium drawn from the orifice of the nozzle.
- (h) means operable to maintain the valving electrode at zero potential to sustain the jet of marking medium and direct it toward the paten and to shift the potential of the valving electrode to +2500 volts to direct the jet of marking medium back onto the surface of the accelerating electrode closest to the platen.
- (g) means for changing the potential of said accelerating electrode to approximately +2500 volts to stop said jet of marking medium from coming from the nozzle
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL239226D NL239226A (US06521211-20030218-C00004.png) | 1958-05-16 | ||
BE577784D BE577784A (US06521211-20030218-C00004.png) | 1958-05-16 | ||
US73581758 US3060429A (en) | 1958-05-16 | 1958-05-16 | Certificate of correction |
GB12419/59A GB853700A (en) | 1958-05-16 | 1959-04-13 | Method of and apparatus for producing a printed record by means of a controlled jet of ink |
DET16630A DE1187816B (de) | 1958-05-16 | 1959-04-30 | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Aufzeichnungen auf einer Schreibflaeche durch elektrostatisch gesteuertes Aufspritzen von Tinte aus einer Duese |
FR793757A FR1223700A (fr) | 1958-05-16 | 1959-04-30 | Procédé et appareil de production d'un enregistrement imprimé au moyen d'un jet d'encre |
CH7327159A CH371467A (de) | 1958-05-16 | 1959-05-15 | Vorrichtung zum Aufzeichnen durch Aufspritzen von Tinte auf einen Zeichnungsträger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US73581758 US3060429A (en) | 1958-05-16 | 1958-05-16 | Certificate of correction |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3060429A true US3060429A (en) | 1962-10-23 |
Family
ID=24957299
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US73581758 Expired - Lifetime US3060429A (en) | 1958-05-16 | 1958-05-16 | Certificate of correction |
Country Status (5)
Cited By (158)
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CH371467A (de) | 1963-08-31 |
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