US3056652A - Modification of the hydration characteristics of form ii sodium tripolyphosphate prior to detegent processing - Google Patents
Modification of the hydration characteristics of form ii sodium tripolyphosphate prior to detegent processing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3056652A US3056652A US698911A US69891157A US3056652A US 3056652 A US3056652 A US 3056652A US 698911 A US698911 A US 698911A US 69891157 A US69891157 A US 69891157A US 3056652 A US3056652 A US 3056652A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- anhydrous sodium
- sodium tripolyphosphate
- hydrating
- temperature
- tripolyphosphate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 62
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 title description 15
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 17
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
- C11D3/062—Special methods concerning phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/38—Condensed phosphates
- C01B25/40—Polyphosphates
- C01B25/41—Polyphosphates of alkali metals
- C01B25/418—After-treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the treatment of Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate, and more particularly to a process for converting fast hydrating Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate into slow hydrating Form 11 anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate.
- Sodium tripolyphosphate also called sodium triphosphate
- the anhydrous crystalline form may be either Form I or Form H, the anhydrous tripolyphosphate produced in the high temperature regions being known as Form I, While the an hydrous tripolyphosphate produced in the low temperature regions is known as Form II.
- the Form I variety hydrates quite rapidly, while the Form II variety hydrates at a much slower rate than the Form I variety. This property of rapid hydration causes lumping in aqueous slurries and accordingly the soap and detergent industry has preferred to employ the Form II variety to avoid hydration as much as possible.
- Detergent compositions containing tripolyphosphates have advantages over detergent compositions containing other phosphates, such as pyrophosphates or orthophosphates. Repeat washing tests in hard water indicate that clothes washed with detergent compositions containing tripolyphosphates have a lower ash content than clothes washed with detergent compositions containing a pyrophosphate. A given weight of a tripolyphosphate s questers more calcium from the Wash Water than does a pyrophosphate, and hence clearer solutions are obtainable in hard waters with detergent compositions containing tripolyphosphates than with detergent compositions containing pyrophosphates.
- This tripolyphosphate may be graded into fast hydrating and slow hydrating types by the following test procedure. Preheat under running hot tap water a Wide mouthed Dewar flask of approximately one pint capacity, a four-bladed glass stirrer and a thermometer, and then quickly assemble the apparatus so that the stirrer just clears the bottom of the flask and the thermometer bulb just clears the stirrer blades. Add 25 grams of anhydrous sodium sulfate and 100 cc. of boiling water to the flask and start the stirrer motor. When the sodium sulfate solution has cooled to 170 F., add grams of the Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate to the flask and start a stopwatch.
- a fast hydrating Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate may be converted into a slow hydrating Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate by heating the fast hydrating Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate.
- the temperature of heating may be from about C. to about 380 C., the time of heating, of course, being less at the higher temperature.
- conversion is obtained by heating the fast hydrating Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate for about six hours or more at a temperature of about 100 C. or for about one hour or more at a temperature of about 380 C.
- Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate The fundamental difierence between the fast and slow hydrating varieties of Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate cannot be readily established by wet chemical analyses, X-ray diffractograms, Form I content, or particle size determinations. While it will be appreciated that the invention is not to be limited by any theory expressed herein, it is believed that Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate exists in both a fast hydrating and a slow hydrating variety because of small variations in adsorbed Water on the tripolyphosphate.
- the fast hydrating Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate contains more adsorbed water than the slow hydrating Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate which adsorbed water catalyzes the rate of hydration and the fast hydrating variety is therefore converted into a slow hydrating variety by heating the fast hydrating variety to thereby remove the adsorbed water.
- the process of the present invention makes possible the avoidance of troublesome increases in viscosity in a spray mix of a tripolyphosphate detergent composition both in the crutcher and during the time between the completion or" the mixing operation and the arrival of the mix at a spray nozzle.
- Example 1 A lot of Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate as received from the supplier was divided into two portions. 75 grams of one portion was added to 100 cc. of water containing 25 grams of anhydrous sodium sulfate and having a temperature of 170 F. in accordance with the above test procedure. During the next 15 minutes the slurry thickened and the temperature thereof rose as shown below, thereby indicating that the tripolyphosphate was a fast hydrating variety.
- Example 2 A lot of Form 11 anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate as received from the supplier was divided into four portions. 75 grams of one portion was added to 100 cc. of
- Example 3 Two samples of an aqueous slurry of the following typical detergent composition (calculated on a powder basis) having an overall water content of 40% were agitated in a crutcher for 45 minutes at a temperature 75 of 160 F.
- the spray-dried product of Formula A was also undesirable in that an aqueous solution thereof contained a large amount of silica floc and hence was quite turbid as contrasted with an aqueous solution of the spray-dried product of Formula B which had only a slight amount of silica floc and hence would not be unsightly to the consumer.
- the spray-dried product of Formula A contained a large amount of decomposition products (pyroand orthophosphates) of the tripolyphosphate
- the spray-dried product of Formula B employing the slow hydrating variety of Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate produced in accordance with the process of the invention contained only a slight amount of decomposition products.
- the process of converting fast hydrating Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate into slow hydrating Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate comprising heating the solid fast hydrating Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate alone at a temperature of from about 100 C. to about 380 C. for a time of from at least about 6 hours to at least about 1 hour respectively to remove the adsorbed water; said fast hydrating Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate being characterized by the fact that a stirred aqueous slurry thereof consisting of 100 parts of water, 25 parts of anhydrous sodium sulfate, and parts of said fast hydrating phosphate at an initial temperature of 170 F.
- said slow hydrating Form II anhydrous sodium tripolyphosphate being characterized by the fact that a stirred aqueous slurry thereof consisting of parts water, 25 parts of anhydrous sodium sulfate, and 75 parts of said slow hydrating phosphate at an initial temperature of F. will remain thin and the temperature will fall during standing for 15 minutes.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL233632D NL233632A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1957-11-26 | ||
| US698911A US3056652A (en) | 1957-11-26 | 1957-11-26 | Modification of the hydration characteristics of form ii sodium tripolyphosphate prior to detegent processing |
| FR1208869D FR1208869A (fr) | 1957-11-26 | 1958-11-25 | Perfectionnements relatifs aux polyphosphates |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US698911A US3056652A (en) | 1957-11-26 | 1957-11-26 | Modification of the hydration characteristics of form ii sodium tripolyphosphate prior to detegent processing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3056652A true US3056652A (en) | 1962-10-02 |
Family
ID=24807162
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US698911A Expired - Lifetime US3056652A (en) | 1957-11-26 | 1957-11-26 | Modification of the hydration characteristics of form ii sodium tripolyphosphate prior to detegent processing |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3056652A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR1208869A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL233632A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3272752A (en) * | 1961-03-07 | 1966-09-13 | Knapsack Ag | Method of producing detergents |
| US3852212A (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1974-12-03 | Fmc Corp | Method of producing hydrated sodium tripolyphosphate composition |
| US4255274A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1981-03-10 | Fmc Corporation | Preparation of granular sodium tripolyphosphate products |
| US4283299A (en) * | 1978-10-03 | 1981-08-11 | Lever Brothers Company | Production of detergent compositions |
| US10343212B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 | 2019-07-09 | Wenhui Jiang | Hardfacing containing tungsten carbide particles with barrier coating and methods of making the same |
| US11466364B2 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2022-10-11 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Methods for forming protective coatings containing crystallized aluminum oxide |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB680346A (en) * | 1948-10-21 | 1952-10-01 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent composition |
| US2622068A (en) * | 1948-06-04 | 1952-12-16 | Procter & Gamble | Process of making heat dried detergent compositions containing form ii sodium triphosphate |
| US2920939A (en) * | 1957-02-14 | 1960-01-12 | Monsanto Chemicals | Method of producing phosphates |
-
0
- NL NL233632D patent/NL233632A/xx unknown
-
1957
- 1957-11-26 US US698911A patent/US3056652A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1958
- 1958-11-25 FR FR1208869D patent/FR1208869A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2622068A (en) * | 1948-06-04 | 1952-12-16 | Procter & Gamble | Process of making heat dried detergent compositions containing form ii sodium triphosphate |
| GB680346A (en) * | 1948-10-21 | 1952-10-01 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent composition |
| US2920939A (en) * | 1957-02-14 | 1960-01-12 | Monsanto Chemicals | Method of producing phosphates |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3272752A (en) * | 1961-03-07 | 1966-09-13 | Knapsack Ag | Method of producing detergents |
| US3852212A (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1974-12-03 | Fmc Corp | Method of producing hydrated sodium tripolyphosphate composition |
| US4283299A (en) * | 1978-10-03 | 1981-08-11 | Lever Brothers Company | Production of detergent compositions |
| US4255274A (en) * | 1979-01-02 | 1981-03-10 | Fmc Corporation | Preparation of granular sodium tripolyphosphate products |
| US10343212B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 | 2019-07-09 | Wenhui Jiang | Hardfacing containing tungsten carbide particles with barrier coating and methods of making the same |
| US11466364B2 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2022-10-11 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Methods for forming protective coatings containing crystallized aluminum oxide |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1208869A (fr) | 1960-02-26 |
| NL233632A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
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