US3055496A - Unified paper sheet, process of making, and pressure-sensitive adhesive tape made therefrom - Google Patents

Unified paper sheet, process of making, and pressure-sensitive adhesive tape made therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
US3055496A
US3055496A US10775261A US3055496A US 3055496 A US3055496 A US 3055496A US 10775261 A US10775261 A US 10775261A US 3055496 A US3055496 A US 3055496A
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United States
Prior art keywords
web
paper
fibers
unified
backing
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English (en)
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Isaac R Dunlap
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Johnson and Johnson
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Johnson and Johnson
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL278075D priority Critical patent/NL278075A/xx
Priority to NL240641D priority patent/NL240641A/xx
Priority to NL131830D priority patent/NL131830C/xx
Priority to BE630279D priority patent/BE630279A/xx
Priority to GB3653357A priority patent/GB869231A/en
Priority to DED28510A priority patent/DE1160293B/de
Priority to FR799679A priority patent/FR1233747A/fr
Priority to CH7652059A priority patent/CH392241A/de
Application filed by Johnson and Johnson filed Critical Johnson and Johnson
Priority to US10775261 priority patent/US3055496A/en
Priority to GB1708862A priority patent/GB1012441A/en
Priority to NL278075A priority patent/NL144691B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3055496A publication Critical patent/US3055496A/en
Priority to DE19621560837 priority patent/DE1560837A1/de
Priority to DE19621546378 priority patent/DE1546378A1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • C09J7/205—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers characterised by the backing impregnating composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • C09J7/21—Paper; Textile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/042—Acrylic polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/0073—Accessories for calenders
    • D21G1/0093—Web conditioning devices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/005—Mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/04—Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating
    • D21H25/06—Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating of impregnated or coated paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/24—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for having enhanced flexibility or extensibility produced by mechanical treatment of the unfinished paper
    • D21H5/245—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for having enhanced flexibility or extensibility produced by mechanical treatment of the unfinished paper obtained by compressing the (moist) paper in directions lying in, and optionally perpendicular to, the paper plane, e.g. plain-surfaced Clupak papers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
    • C09J2400/20—Presence of organic materials
    • C09J2400/28—Presence of paper
    • C09J2400/283—Presence of paper in the substrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/904—Artificial leather
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/906—Roll or coil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24446—Wrinkled, creased, crinkled or creped
    • Y10T428/24455—Paper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/249926—Including paper layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31975—Of cellulosic next to another carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31978—Cellulosic next to another cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31982—Wood or paper

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improved unified papers suitable for many uses, particularly to unified papers useful as backings for adhesive tapes, sandpapers and the like and in artificial leathers, and to improved pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes and other products made with the improved backings; as well as to improved methods for manufacturing such papers.
  • paper backed pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes commonly are made by coating one side of the backing with an adhesive and then winding the tape upon itself with the coated side facing inwardly to form a roll. If a liner is not used, or some other special precaution is not taken, when the tape is rapidly unwound, the backing will be split into plies or delaminated because the adherence of the outside of the backing to the adhesive on the inside of the tape being unwound is greater than the coherence of the fibers in the backing.
  • the most common method of unifying the paper or strengthening it against splitting is to incorporate a unifying agent, commonly termed an impregnant, in the web to bond the fibers together.
  • a unifying agent commonly termed an impregnant
  • Various extensible polymeric materials such as rubbery polymers and mixtures thereof have been used for this purpose.
  • Such impregnants allow the sheet to retain a major portion of the characteristic flexibility of a paper web and yet bind the fibers against delamination of the backing when a roll of pressure-sensitive tape is unwound, for example.
  • Normally sufficient unification to prevent delamination can be attained if it is possible to incorporate sufiicient impregnant in the *web.
  • the web is saturated with the impregnant to provide the necessary unification.
  • the backing In addition to the delamination resistance, or internal strength, necessary in a paper backing for pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, for example, it is necessary that the backing also possesses the necessary strength, flexibility and elongation to enable curving the tape without tearing when applying it to a surface in a desired configuration, and sufficient flatness to lie against the surface to which it is applied. Improvements in tear strength of such paper-backed pressure-sensitive tapes can be obtained,
  • Creping may be described as a stepwise disruption of the starting web by the intermittent application of force to the web while the web is free to move at right angles to the plane of the web. This results in an opening up of the Web and the formation of relatively large undulations or crinkles in the web, itself.
  • the web is opened up by movement of the overlying fibers of the Web away from one another in spaced areas of the web to increase the size and perhaps the number of the interstices between them in these areas.
  • a creped masking tape backing for example, has some marked disadvantages such as high overall caliper, tendency of the paint to bleed under the tape at the points of undulations and to build up at the edge of the tape, limited ability to form curved lines and conform to curved surfaces, and the like.
  • Unified paper sheets having the above properties are ideal as backings for pressure-sensitive tapes, particularly those used as masking tapes, for example, during the spray painting of automobiles.
  • pressure-sensitive tapes particularly those used as masking tapes, for example, during the spray painting of automobiles.
  • the extraordinary conformability of the backing combined with it flatness and tear strength permit easy application to curved and irregular surfaces and give sharply defined paint lines without feathering at the edges of the tape. Due to its fiat backing and to the ease with which the tape may be applied, abrasion of the fingers of the worker applying the tape also is minimized.
  • Heavier weight unified papers possessing the above properties also are ideal for use in artificial leathers where their superior flexibility, soft hand, freedom from blistering or splitting and freedom from fiber picking are of great importance. Papers according to this invention also are highly desirable as sandpaper backings and when used for this purpose, provide sandpapers possessing superior flexibility, tear strength and crack resistance.
  • Starting webs according to this invention may be creped or uncreped and include the conventional saturating papers of the prior art. Similarly these webs may be formed from fibers which are substantially straight and possess only natural curl or they may include a substantial proportion of fibers to which a substantial amount of curl or crimp has been imparted prior to web formation.
  • the starting web comprises cellulosic fibers oriented predominantly parallel to the web faces and flatly assembled in overlapping, crossing relation with one another.
  • face refers to the outline of one surface of the web, roughly as it would appear to the naked eye. If the web or paper is pictured in a horizontal position, it possesses two faces, i.e., a top face and a bottom face.
  • the body of the web or web body is that portion of the web or paper between its two faces.
  • the fibers in the web are relatively long compared to the thickness of the web so that the ratio of the average length of the fibers to the caliper of the web is at least about four to one, preferably at least about ten to one. This means that, even in the most extreme cases, the overall orientation of a given fiber from end to end can only be at a slight angle to the faces of the starting web and that normally this angle is negligible.
  • the starting web is compacted horizontally while the cellulosic fibers in the web are plasticized with moisture and heated to a temperature sufficient to generate moisture vapor.
  • Compacting forces are applied to the web horizontally with respect to the web faces while the web body is held or restrained against substantial c'rinkling in a vertical direction. In other words, forces are applied approximately perpendicular to the direction of the compacting forces to resist the tendency of the web to crinkle and maintain the web faces substantially parallel to one another.
  • the compacting forces may be applied longitudinally, or in the machine direction of the web, or laterally in the cross machine direction.
  • the lowest degree of compaction i.e., percentage of length required for utility in this invention, is not greater than about 5% with some papers. However, with most papers more exhaustive treatment may be desirable. For instance, about -25% compaction normally is preferred, particularly when the web is treated in one pass as will be described more fully hereinafter.
  • the upper limit of the degree of compaction is determined both by the nature of raw untreated paper and the application for which the unified paper is intended. In a wide diversity of raw papers intended for various applications, the upper limit of compaction desired might be as high as or more and might in some cases approach the lower limit of another paper intended for a different end use.
  • the amount of impregnant incorporated into the paper web is in an amount of about 10-150 percent impregnant solids by weight of the raw paper (dry web), the minimum amount thereof, comprising in all cases, an amount sufficient to unify said web to a degree whereby the forces of adhesion of the particular adhesive coated on the backings are insufficient to cause delamination of an underlying ply of tape, for example.
  • the water may comprise only a small percentage of the web weight as it is treated.
  • the desired content of the sheet at the time of treatment is determined both by the nature of the raw paper and the end use contemplated. In general the more dense the untreated paper the greater the water content when compressed if tensile is to be retained in the finished unified paper or tape backing. Thus, a flat paper of fairly dense structure may be most advantageously treated at a water content, limited only by the amount permitted by the equipment and process, that is, the maximum which can be held by the sheet under the conditions of compaction inherent in the process. Normally and preferably the moisture content during treatment should be about l020% by weight of the web.
  • Compaction longitudinally or laterally, in the manner described, causes the fibers to become compressively distorted, crowded and pushed together within the body of the web.
  • Those fibers which originally are oriented primarily in the direction of compaction are caused to collapse by taking a multiplicity of kinks, crimps or tight loops as portions of the fibers are forced closer together and into the voids within the Web.
  • kinks, crimps or tight loops hereinafter called kinks occur, not only in a plane parallel to the web faces, but also in planes perpendicular thereto so that a large proportion of fiber segments forming the kinks are oriented at an angle to the web faces.
  • the starting web is relatively dense as in a flat compact paper, it will retain substantially the same density during compaction and if it is dense and moderately hydrated, for instance, fiber-to-fiber bonds will be broken so that its satura-bility will be increased somewhat during compaction; but if the starting web is relatively open, such as in creped saturating papers, it will be considerably densified and flattened out during compaction.
  • the impregnant may be incorporated in the web either before or after compaction but impregnation prior to compaction is preferred for three reasons, i.e.,
  • Impregnation may be performed in conjunction with compaction for plasticizing the fibers during compaction when an aqueous impregnant is employed, and
  • the starting web may be impregnated with an aqueous impregnant, dried to bring the moisture content to about 10-20% by weight of the web, for instance, and then compacted under the above described conditions with excellent results.
  • the moisture carried into the web with the impregnant acts to plasticize the fibers of the web.
  • the process of this invention also is highly advantageous because of the variety of cellulosic fibers and impregnants which may be employed.
  • the papers of this invention are versatile in so far as their properties, which may be attributed directly to the materials employed in their manufacture are concerned.
  • both aqueous and solvent based impregnants may be used although, when the impregnant is incorporated in the web after compaction, solvent based impregnants give better results.
  • the impregnant is incorporated prior to compaction, it makes no difference Whether it is water based or solvent based.
  • gion of viscoelastic behavior and even in the upper range of this region, are advantageously employed in unifying papers for certain applications according to this invention when the impregnant incorporated is about 1050% by weight of the dry fibers.
  • higher values for delamination resistance and other physical characteristics are attainable with a high modulus polymer when this amount of impregnant is used.
  • the transition region of viscoelastic behavior is described in some detail by Arthur V. Tobolsky, in Stress Relaxation Studies, at page in Rheology, Theory and Application, volume II, edited by Frederick R. Eirich and published by Academic Press Inc., New York, N.Y., in 1958.
  • Such polymers include unplasticized polyvinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, high styrene butadiene-styrene copolymers, and the like. Polymers in this region are preferred for masking tapes according to this invention to give the tape sufficient firmness for ease in application when only about 10-30% by weight of the unifying impregnant is present.
  • the starting web may be relatively dense, flat and moderately hydrated, it first may be compacted to break some fiber-to-fiber bonds, then impregnated with an elastomeric aqueous latex, and finally compacted again, for optimum results.
  • the starting web may be impregnated with a relatively small amount of an aqueous impregnant prior to compaction, then compacted with maximum compaction efliciency due to the presence of the impregnant in the web, and finally impregnated with a maximum amount of a solvent based impregnant, for optimum results.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of simple apparatus useful in performing the compacting step or steps employed in the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic side elevation of apparatus which may also be employed in conjunction with the apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross section of an adhesive tape utilizing, as the backing, a unified sheet treated in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic side elevation of somewhat different apparatus useful in performing the compacting step, or steps, according to this invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a greatly enlarged schematic view, partly in section and partly in elevation, of a longitudinal cross section through a flat, impregnated kr-aft paper, prior to compaction according to this invention, at an enlargement of approximately 400 to 1;
  • FIG. 6 is -a similar greatly enlarged schematic view of a longitudinal cross section through a creped, impregnated saturating paper according to this invention ,and at the same enlargement as FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view similar to FIGS. 5 and 6, and at the same enlargement, of the webs of either FIGS. 5 or 6 as they would appear after being compacted according to this invention.
  • the apparatus of FIG. 1 comprises rolls 10, 11, 12 and a heated driven roll, or drum, 13 and a thick belt '15 with a contractible surface layer preferably of rubber of durometer hardness sufficient to prevent creping of the paper 'web.
  • This belt may be formed of natural rubber or rub- .ber substitutes, a relatively inextensible layer faced with :a readily extensible and contractible surface layer of any suitable material of smooth contractible surface of sufficient hardness and extensibility, rolls 10 and :13 being adjustably movable toward or from each other so as to properly nip the belt 15 between them where the belt passes from roll 10 to the drum 13, and roll 12 being spaced away from the drum .13 sufficiently to give the belt :a short straight run from the drum -13 to roll 12.
  • the drum 13 must be accurately machine ground and finished to a true cylinder of smooth periphery. It is heated not only to cause a partial drying of the web but also to lower the co efiicient of friction between the drum and the moist web while at the same time heating the contained water and thus cause a softening and increased flexibility of the fibers. The resulting loss of water in the web makes room between the fibers for further compaction of the web as may be desired.
  • the coefficient of friction between the wet web and the heated drum 13 is most effectively reduced at drum temperatures about 212 F.
  • the coetficient of friction of the surface of the drum 13 is relatively low as compared to the coefficient of friction of the webcontaining surface of the belt 15, so that under the influence of the contracting belt surface the paper web tends to partake of such contraction of the belt surface and slide with relation to the roll surface.
  • the tension in the rubber belt is maintained sufficiently high so that with the selected hardness of the belt surface the pressure between the rubber belt and the drum 13 prevents the paper from creping and keeps the surfaces of the paper substantially fiat and parallel, so that as the web is compressively shortened, individual fibers of the paper which lie generally crosswise or lengthwise of the web or in the direction of shortening are compressively distorted crosswise or lengthwise within the body of the web.
  • Rubber is preferred as the material for the contracting surface, such as that of the belt 15, because of its ability to withstand strong tension and heavy pressure transverse to its surface, thus enabling a relatively large and effective contraction of this surface to take place without allowing the paper to crepe in response to such contraction. Rubber is also preferred for its continuously smooth surface and for its ability to grip the paper frictionally to the extent of compacting the paper laterally or longitudinally in the presence of the heavy pressure exerted between the belt and the drum 13 for prevention of creping.
  • the rubber is reinforced by comparatively inextensible material such as heavy canvas or layers of strong cords so that the necessary high tension in the belt may be maintained and also so that the surface of the belt will expand and contract uniformly while passing over the roller 10 and the heated driving drum 13.
  • FIG. 2 The apparatus of FIG. 2 was employed in conjunction with the apparatus of PEG. 1 principally to facilitate drying of the paper web.
  • a moisturepermeable belt 21 passes over an intake roll 21a and thence onto and around a heated drum 20, holding the paper web against the drum during drying.
  • FIG. 4 of the drawings there is shown apparatus similar to that of FIG. 1 which comprises; a heated metal drum 31 having a smooth, inelastic substantially unyieldable surface 32, a nip roll 33 and a relatively thick continuous rubber compacting belt 34 passing over the nip roll 33 and between the nip roll and the heated drum 31.
  • the compacting belt 34 is similar to the belt shown in FIG. 1 and presents a contractible, yieldably supported rubber outer surface 35 toward the drum. After it leaves the nip roll 33, the belt Wraps around a portion of the drum surface 32, say about a segment thereof, leaves the surface of the drum to pass around a tensioning roll 36 spaced to the left of the drum in FIG.
  • the amount that the belt 34 wraps around the drum 31 can be considerably less than a 90 segment of the drum surface or it can be considerably more as evidenced by the approximately wrap shown in FIG. 1.
  • the nip roll 33 is adjustable toward and away from the surface of the drum 31 to control pressure upon the belt passing between the nip roll and the drum and thereby regulate the pressure between the drum 31 and the belt 3 2- at the nip 38.
  • the tensioning roll 36 is considerably spaced from the drum so that the belt passes from the drum to the tensioning roll in a long straight run 39.
  • the tensioning roll 36 also is adjustable toward and away from the drum 31 to regulate the tension on the continuous compacting belt 34 and thereby regulate the pressure between the drum and the belt after the belt leaves the nip :3.
  • a starting Web 40 which may have a suitable impregnant or unifying material already incorporated therein, is unwound from the supply roll 41 at the right of FIG. 4 and led into a steam chest 42 wherein it is exposed to saturated steam for a period of approximately 30 seconds to plasticize the web and adjust its moisture content to about 10-20%, preferably about 1520% by weight of the dry web.
  • the moistened web 4t) is led from the steam chest over an exit roller 43 up and over a pair of guide rollers 44- and 45 and then down into the nip 38 formed between the drum 31 and the belt 34 where the belt passes over the nip roll 33.
  • the belt is compressed somewhat at the nip 38 so that it normally contacts the drum 31 at a point spaced above the plane PP common to the axes of the drum and the nip roll while its outer surface 35 still is expanded in its convex path over the nip roll 33.
  • the outer surface 35 of the belt 34 is expanded where it first contacts the web 43 and where the web 40 first is gripped between the belt 34 and the drum 31.
  • its outer surface 35 tends to remain expanded to some extent even after it passes the center of the nip 38 and normally would contract as it starts to follow its concave path around the drum 31.
  • the outer surface 35 of the belt contracts as the belt approaches its normal thickness and completes passage from its convex path around the nip roll 33 to its concave path around the drum 31.
  • the surface 32 of the drum 31 is quite smooth, i.e., polished metal, and the drum is heated to further plasticize the web 40 and reduce the coefficient of friction between the drum and the web.
  • the heated drum 31 serves to dry the web to some extent as it passes between the belt 34 and the drum after leaving the nip 38.
  • the interface between the web 40 and the surface 32 of the drum 9 is heated to a temperature of at least about the boiling point of water, i.e., 212 F., so as to generate moisture vapor. This moisture vapor both plasticizes the web 40 and creates a thin film or cushion of steam which materially reduces the coeificient of friction between the wet web and the heated drum.
  • the webcontacting surface 35 of the belt preferably is relatively rough compared to that of the drum and the natural coeificient of friction of the belt is therefore greater than that of the drum.
  • the paper web 40 tends to stick to the belt 34 and slip on the drum 31 with the result that when the outer surface 35 of the belt contracts, the web 40 is compacted horizontally or parallel to its median plane, in the direction of contraction of the belt surface. Since the belt contracts longitudinally, or in the machine direction, the web also is compacted longitudinally.
  • the web 40 is confined between the belt 34 and the drum 31 by the pressure at the nip 38 and the tension on the belt 34 in such a way that the belt 34 exerts sufficient pressure with respect to the web faces to prevent substantial crinkling of the body of the Web 40 and hold the web faces substantially flat and parallel to each other.
  • the nip force is in the neighborhood of about 150-240 pounds per inch of width and the tension on the belt is in the neighborhood of 120 pounds per inch of width.
  • the Web 40 is compacted longitudinally by about -25% of its original length by passing the web once through the apparatus of FIG. 4 in the manner described.
  • the impregnant be incorporated in the Web 40 prior to compaction for the reasons indicated hereinbefore, particularly because higher compaction efficiencies can be attained.
  • This improvement in efiiciency of compaction which occurs when the web is impregnated prior to compaction may be explained on the theory that the impregnant exerts a clutch action upon the outer surface 35 of the contractible rubber belt 34, or grips the belt better, thereby increasing the frictional resistance of the web 40 to any movement relative to the outer belt surface 35.
  • the temperature of the surface 32 of the drum be in the neighborhood of about 250 F. It also is preferred that the contractible belt 34 be cooled below the temperature of the drum particularly when the drum temperature is in the neighborhood of 250 F., to further increase the grip between the web 40 and the belt 34 and increase the effective like of the belt.
  • a first cooling water spray nozzle 46 is positioned inside the belt 34, after the belt leaves the drum 31 in such a way as to direct a spray 47 of cooling water upon the underside of the belt before it reaches the tensioning roll 36.
  • a second spray nozzle 48 is positioned outside the belt 34 opposite the tensioning roll 36 in such a way as to direct a spray 49 of cooling water upon the belts outside surface 35.
  • a bath 51 of cooling water is located in a trough 52 underneath the drum 31 and the bottom guide roll 37 is positioned to run partially submerged in the bath 51 so that the belt 34 passes through the bath and is cooled thereby.
  • the belt 34 After leaving the bath 51 the belt 34 passes through the nip formed by a pair of squeeze rollers 52 which are adjusted to squeeze all but slight traces of the cooling Water from the belt.
  • the belt 34 When the surface of the drum 31 is maintained at about 250 F the belt 34 preferably is maintained at about 170 F. by the cooling apparatus described. In this way, the belt has a much longer useful life than it would have if operated at the temperature of the drum.
  • the compacted and partially dried web 40 After the compacted and partially dried web 40 leaves the surface 32 of the drum 31, it passes around a guide roller 53 and then down to a series of positioning rollers 54 which hold the web 40 out flat as it passes over a radiant heater 55 which completes the drying operation.
  • the web 40 now in the form of a unified paper according to this invention, finally is led over another guide roller 56 and onto a wind up roll 57 on which it con veniently may be stored or supported for further processmg.
  • FIGS. 5-7 are schematic drawings of longitudinal cross sections of portions of illustrative papers according to this invention before and after compaction. These cross sections are taken along lines extending longitudinally, or in the direction of compaction, of the web.
  • Each of the papers, shown, contains the desired unifying amount of impregnant but for the sake of clarity the impregnant is shown only at the left end of each the figures.
  • the distribution of impregnant at the ends of the figures is typical of impregnant distribution throughout the body of the Webs at the level of impregnation shown. In each figure, the enlargement is about 400 to 1.
  • the dotted lines extending along the top and bottom faces of the webs represent the web faces, i.e., the surfaces of the webs as they would appear to the naked eye, and the center-lines designated M'P represent the median planes of the webs.
  • FIG. 5 depicts an impregnated but uncompacted fiat starting Web such as that designated F-61 Flat Impreg. Paper, in Example I hereinafter.
  • This paper is formed from relatively unbeaten, softwood fibers 60 and is impregnated with particles or film portions 61 of a conventional rubbery latex, such as a unifying agent comprising a butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer modified with a minor amount of a butadiene-styrene copolymer and a small amount of a phenolic resin, as will be described more fully hereinafter in Example I.
  • a conventional rubbery latex such as a unifying agent comprising a butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer modified with a minor amount of a butadiene-styrene copolymer and a small amount of a phenolic resin, as will be described more fully hereinafter in Example I.
  • the fibers 60 are substantially straight and possess only their natural curl and are oriented in the Web predominantly parallel to the web faces 62 and flatly assembled in overlapping, crossing relation with one another extending in various directions parallel to the median plane MP of the web.
  • the fibers 60 are relatively long compared to the thickness of the web, i.e., averaging about 3.3 millimeters or mils in length Whereas the average thickness of the paper is about 4 or 4 /2 mils. It is obvious from this that the fibers 6t) themselves lie flat in the web so that the overall orientation of a given fiber from end to end can only be at a slight or negligible angle to the faces 6-2 of the starting web.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a creped starting web formed from the same stock as the paper of FIG. 5 and impregnated with the same amount of the same impregnant 61.
  • This paper is typical of that designated F-6l Crepe, Impreg. Paper in Example I hereinafter.
  • the web has been opened up by movement of overlying fibers 60 in the web away from one another to increase the size of the voids or interstices 63 between the fibers.
  • the web comprises large undulations, crepes or crinkles which are not clearly identifiable in FIG. 6 because of their size. In other words, the tip 64 of only one of these undulations appears in FIG. 6.
  • Creped papers of this type are most open adjacent to the tips of these undulations, or crepe-s, and it is one of these most open portions of the web which is illustrated in FIG. 6. To show the whole of this undulation in the body of the web, itself, it would be necessary to have drawing about 3, 4, or more, times as long as that of FIG. 6. As explained in connection with the paper shown in 'FIG. 5, the fibers 60 in the paper, or web, of FIG. 6 are relatively long compared to the thickness of the web and flatly assembled in overlapping crossing relation with one another in the web.
  • FIG. 7 depicts the impregnated webs of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, after compaction.
  • This paper is typical of those designated F-61 Flat, Compacted I, Web, and F-61 Crepe, Compacted I. Web, in Example I hereinafter.
  • the Webs of FIGS. 5 and 6 are held between the belt 34 and the drum 3'1 and the belt applies sulficient pressure to the web acting perpendicu- 1 1 larly with respect to the web faces 62 to prevent substantial crinkling of the web body and hold the web faces substantially flat while in contact with the drum and the belt.
  • the fibers 60 in the web of FIG. 7 are compressively distorted longitudinally, crowded and pushed together within the body of the web.
  • the fibers, originally oriented primarily in the direction of compaction, i.e., longitudinally of the web, comprise kinks, or crimps, 65 which show in the plane of the cross section. This plane is perpendicular to the web faces 62 so that the fiber segments 66 forming these kinks are oriented at an angle to the web faces 62. It appears from FIG. 7 that a large proportion of the fiber segments 66 forming the kinks 65 are oriented at an angle to the web faces 62.
  • the sectioned portions 60a of the fibers 60 represent fiber segments which are oriented, at least in part, laterally in the web, i.e., transversely of the direction of compaction.
  • kinks 65 formed in the fibers as a result of compaction are reflected in small crenulations, i.e., very small and closely spaced humps 67 which may be visible to the naked eye, and adjacent depressions 67a in the surfaces of the web, the web body, itself, is not substantially crinkled.
  • the web body is densified, i.e., its fibers are brought closer together, and the web is maintained substantially fiat.
  • a large number of closely spaced kinks, or crimps 65 may be formed in the fibers originally extending in the direction of compaction.
  • FIG. 7 representing the face next to the compacting belt 34, is relatively rough or bumpy compared to the bottom face 62, representing that next to the drum 31, which is comparatively smooth.
  • the faces 62 of the web tend to correspond somewhat with the respective surfaces of the belt 34 and the drum 31 with which they have been in contact during compaction.
  • the fibers 60 are extensibly bonded together in their crowded and distorted state by the unifying material, or impregnant 61, in the web.
  • the impregnant forms bonds between fiber segments 66 making up the kinks and adjacent fibers in the web, which bonds tend to retain the kinks so that the bonded fiber segments 66 tend to remain oriented at an angle to the web faces 62 and thereby resist delamination, or laminar separation of the fibers in the paper.
  • compaction does not result in substantial crinkling, i.e., the formation of relatively large undulations in the body of the web, itself, it may result in the formation of crenulations, or very small and closely spaced humps, in one or both of the surfaces of the web but normally in the web surface in contact with the relatively rough surface of the compacting belt.
  • the web faces of the resulting unified compacted paper are substantially fiat and in all such papers the fibers are compressively distorted, crowded and pushed together within the body of the web and the fibers originally oriented primarily in the direction of compaction comprise a multiplicity of kinks, i.e., in the order of 100-400 kinks per inch in the web, with a large proportion of the fiber segments forming the kinks oriented at an angle to the web faces.
  • FIG. 4 has been described in connection with the treatment of paper which is impregnated prior to compaction, it also can be used for treatment of paper which is intended to be impregnated after compaction. Also, as mentioned hereinbefore and as will be described in the following examples, the starting web may be impregnated just prior to compaction so that some of the moisture included during impregnation may be used to plasticize the web and the steam chest may be eliminated.
  • EXAMPLE I A conventional saturating grade creped paper formed from relatively unbeaten, bleached, softwood, kraft fibers is impregnated with a conventional low modulus water based rubbery latex of the composition, set forth below, and having about 27% total solids, by passing the web through a bath of the impregnant composition and running the web through conventional squeeze rollers; and the impregnated web then is dried by conventional means. Impregnation is controlled so that the impregnant add-on, after drying, is about 25% by weight of the dry web.
  • Aqueous impregnant composition The impregnated web then is compacted in apparatus of the type shown in FIG. 4 essentially as described hereinbefore.
  • the web is steamed to adjust its moisture content prior to compaction to about l520% by weight of the dry impregnated web and is compacted at a drum temperature of about 250 F. and a belt temperature of about 170 F. with a belt tension of about pounds per inch of width and a nip force of about 230 pounds per inch of width to provide a degree of compaction of about 25% in one pass through the apparatus.
  • the web then is dried as described in connection with FIG. 4 to provide a unified paper according to this invention.
  • the impregnant in the web is cured by subjecting the web to a temperature of 380 F. in an air circulating oven for about 1 minute.
  • the resulting unified paper possesses unexpectedly high delamination resistance for the small amount of impregnant it contains, extraordinary conformability, high flexibility, flatness, high tear strength, good tensile strength, and various other properties which make it particularly suitable for a backing for a pressure-sensitive adhesive masking tape as well as other uses. At only about 25 impregnation, according to this example, great cost savings are realized, yet superior results are obtained.
  • the unexpectedly high delamination resistance of this paper and its importance will be described more fully hereinafter in connection with the data set forth in Table II. For purposes of comparison in analyzing delamination resistance, an additional sample is made and tested by compacting the starting web of this example without impregnant.
  • control sample is prepared which is treated exactly the same as the above sample according to this invention except that the impregnation step is eliminated.
  • Compacted I. Web Full data for the original starting web, the control, the impregnated starting web and the resulting unified paper, according to this invention, designated Compacted I. Web, on tensile strength, tear strength and elongation-to-break in the machine and cross directions; delamination resistance; caliper; basis weight; air porosity; apparent density and bulk; are given in Table I below under the heading F-61 Crepe.
  • a flat starting web the same as the above-described creped starting web, except for the fact that it is uncreped, is treated in the same way as the creped starting web to provide a unified paper acconding to this invention which possesses unexpectedly high delamination resistance, conformability, flexibility and elongation in the same order of magnitude as for the creped starting web, but higher tensile strength, lower tear strength and lower porosity.
  • Full data for this impregnated and compacted flat starting web and its unimpregnated compacted control are given in Table I below under the heading F-6l Flat.
  • the delamination resistance of unified papers according to this invention is unexpected because it eX- ceeds the above sum by an appreciable amount and therefore clearly exhibits synergism.
  • K a constant for any specific set of conditions.
  • Equation II From Equation II it follows that:
  • Backsize Composition Material Parts by weight Epoxy resin 6 Polyvinyl chloride-acetate (87:13) copolymer 600 High molecular weight polyester (plasticizer)-.. 210
  • the resulting rolls of tape formed from the flat and the creped starting webs of Example I are rapidly un- Windable without any sign of delamination of the paper backing and are capable of being applied to smooth and rough surfaces and removed therefrom without delamination.
  • both of these tapes possess a relatively high elongation, i.e., over 25% and are quite flexible. More importantly, perhaps, these tapes possess extraordinary ability to be conformed smoothly and easily to curved surfaces and other three-dimensional objects and to be smoothly applied in different shapes to flat surfaces. For instance, they may be applied in relatively sharp arcs to a fiat surface Without crinkling of one edge of tape and when used as a masking tape, give sharply defined paint lines without feathering at the edges of the tape.
  • tape lies flat upon the surface to be painted and is not crinkled at its edges.
  • the flatness of the tape backing also facilitates application of the tape in the first place and minimizes abrasion of the fingers of the worker applying it.
  • these tapes are quite inexpensive, mainly due to the small amount of impregnant contained in the backing and the great variety of less expensive papers which may be used.
  • EXAMPLE III A unified paper according to this invention is made by impregnating the creped starting web of Example I with the following solvent based impregnant composition, in the manner described in Example I, to provide an impregnant add-on after drying of about 22% by weight of the dry web.
  • the following materials are dissolved in about 17 gallons of toluene:
  • Example 1 The impregnated web then is compacted and dried as described in Example I.
  • the paper then is cured by exposing it to a temperature of about 425 F. in an air circulating oven for a period of about 3 minutes to provide a unified paper according to this invention possessing unexpectedly high delamination resistance, extraordinary conformability, high flexibility, flatness, high tear strength, good tensile strength and the like as described in Example I.
  • full data are given on these and other properties for the unimpregnated but compacted control, the impregnated web and the result ing unified paper in Table I below under the heading F-6l Crepe (Solvent lmpreg.).
  • Data for the starting web are the same as in Example I opposite F-61 Crepe. These data are obtained in the manner described in Example I. Data also are given for this paper in Table II on the synergistic increase in delarnination resistance according to this invention.
  • the unified paper of this example is made into a tape wound upon itself in roll form by coating the paper with a backsize composition and an adhesive mass as described in Example II.
  • the resulting pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is found to have all of the properties described in connection with the tape of Example II and therefore to possess particular advantages for use as a masking tape for curved surfaces and for masking difficult designs.
  • a unified paper according to this invention is formed from the same creped starting web and the same solvent based irnpregnant and in the manner described in Example III, but this time the starting web is compacted prior to incorporation of the impregnant, to provide a unified paper which possesses properties which are essentially equivalent to the properties of the unified paper of Example III.
  • These properties are set forth in Table I under the heading F61 Crepe (Solvent Impreg.) opposite Impreg. Control. Again, synergism is demonstrated by corresponding data for this paper in Table II.
  • a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape wound upon itself in roll form is fabricated as described in Examples II and III from the unified paper of this example with equivalent results.
  • VIL- F-60 crepe Starting web 11.6 5.3 74.6 96 9.5 5.0 200 7.5-7.9 28.8 15.1 3.5 4.01
  • a relatively dense flat paper starting web such as sold under the name Patterson 556 by the Patterson Parchment Paper Co., and formed predominantly from moderately hydrated softwood fibers is impregnated with the aqueous'impregnan-t composition of Example I and heated to dry the web as described in Example I, to provide an impregnant add-on of about 20% by weight of the dry web.
  • the resulting impregnated sheet then is compacted as described in Example I at an initial moisture content of about 20% by weight of the dry Web, dried and cured as described in Example I to provide a unified paper according to this invention.
  • This paper possesses exceptionally good delamination resistance for the amount of impregnant it contains, i.e., ounces delamination resistance for 20% impregnant.
  • conformability, elongation and flexibility are unusually good.
  • Tensile strength is somewhat lower than that of the starting web but still very adequate, while the tear strength is substantially unchanged.
  • the caliper of the unified paper is substantially increased over that of the starting web indicat: ing that crenulations or humps along the surface of. the paper are formed to a high degree.
  • the faces of the paper are relatively flat and are capable-of lying flat against any surface to which they may be applied.
  • paper according to this example also is particularly suitable as a backing for a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, such as a masking tape.
  • a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape such as a masking tape.
  • Full data for paper according tothis example are set forth in Table Iunder the heading Patterson 556, opposite Compactcd I. We Similar data are given in this table for the unimpregnat'ed starting web, the impregnated start ing web, and for a control in the form of the compacted starting web.
  • EXAMPLE VI A unified paper according to this invention which is particularly suitable for a tape backing is formed from the same starting web, the same impregnant and in the same manner as described in Example V with the single exception that the web is compacted before it is impregnated.
  • the resulting unified paper is substantially equivalent to that of Example V, except that its delamination resistance and elongation are not as high in proportion to the amount of impregnant added.
  • the resulting paper possesses excellent delamination resistance, conformability, elongation, flexibility, flatness, and is particularly suited for use as a paper masking tape backing.
  • EXAMPLE VIII A 400 yard length of a cheap (13/ lb.) toweling grade, absorbent paper of 36# basis weight, produced by the 2% described. After compaction, the impregnant in sample L is cured as described in Example I.
  • Butadiene-styrene (50 1 50) copol- Naugatuck butadiene sty- 3, 320
  • the impregnated 400 yard sample is dried and stored at room temperature for two to three weeks, wound upon a core and coded L for identification purposes.
  • an impregnated paper under any given set of conditions in any given apparatus will produce a substantially higher degree of compaction and a higher efiiciency of compaction than will be attained in processing an unimpregnated but otherwise identical paper in the same apparatus under substantially the same operating conditions.
  • the resulting unified paper according to this invention possesses remarkably improved delamination resistance for the cheap paper used and the relatively low amount of impregnant added and is extremely flexible and conformable, making it particularly suitable for a masking tape backing.
  • the unified sheet of this example is coated on one side with the backsize composition of Example II and heated in the manner described in Example II to dry The resulting backsize layer weighs about 0.3 ounce per square yard.
  • the opposite side of the sheet is coated with the following self-curing pressure-sensitive adhesive mass dissolved in toluene to about 33 percent solids to apply a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer weighing about 2.4 ounces per square yard:
  • the resulting pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet is slit as described in Example II into rolls of tape wound in successive convolutions upon itself in the form of a roll with the pressure-sensitive layer facing inwardly.
  • the tape rolls obtained do not delaminate when the tape is unwound rapidly from the roll and the tape exhibits extraordinary ability to conform to surfaces of various shapes. It also may be applied in sharp curves to flat surfaces without puckering at either edge of the tape. In other words the tape may be applied flat upon a flat surface in the form of a sharp curve. When used to mask a design of this type for spray painting, a sharply defined curved design is obtainable.
  • the tape of this example is superior in this respect to competitive commerical tapes and yet is considerably less expensive due to the fact that it is made from a much cheaper starting web and much less impregnant, i.e., only about 15% by Weight, is added to the backing.
  • EXAMPLE IX A toweling grade Kowtowl web of the type described in Example VIII is impregnated with about 20% by weight of a high modulus, unplasticized, polyvinyl acetate resin in an aqueous dispersion containing about 15% solids. The impregnated web is compacted and cured as described in Examples I and VIII to provide a unified paper according to this invention with decidedly improved delamination resistance as indicated below:
  • the unified paper of this example is made into a pressure-sensitive masking tape in the manner described in Example VIII.
  • the resulting tape is extremely flexible and conformable despite the high modulus impregnant employed and yet possesses improved firmness which facilitates handling and application of the tape to surfaces to be masked.
  • EXAMPLE X The same Kowtowl starting web is impregnated as described in Example VIII using high modulus material of the following composition diluted to about 20 percent total solids by the addition of water.
  • the resulting paper is made into a masking tape as described in Examples VIII and IX which is extremely 22 flexible and conformable and yet possesses good firmness for ease of application. This is another example of how a high modulus impregnant improves the firmness of the backing without seriously detracting from its conformability.
  • An artificial leather according to this invention is made from a relatively unhydrated flat bleached sulfate paper about 20 mils thick and having a basis weight of about 162 lbs., by first impregnating the paper with a water based acrylic latex to add about 21% impregnant solids by weight of the dry web and then compacting the impregnated web as described in Example I.
  • the acrylic latex is one sold by Rohm and Haas of Philadelphia under the name Rhoplex B-l5 and is believed to be essentially an ethyl acrylate polymer with a small percent of an acrylic acid modification.
  • the impregnant composition comprises Rhoplex B-15 diluted to 25% solids and modified by the addition of 0.5% (solids on solids) of tetra-sodium ethylene diamine tetraecetic acid.
  • Example XII The starting web of Example V is treated as described in Example V except that the acrylate impregnant of Example XI is substituted for the impregnant composi tion of Example I with results very similar to those of Example V. Values obtained for delamination resistance are given below:
  • Delamination Paper resistance (ozs.) Starting web 16 Control (compacted unimpregnated starting web) p 32 Impregnated web 24 Compacted impregnated web 48
  • the resulting paper according to this invention is capable of many uses but is particularly suited for use as a tape backing because of its unexpectedly high delamination resistance and its extraordinary conformability.
  • EXAMPLE XIII The percent impregnation, i.e., add-on, is about 50% by weight of the dry starting web.
  • the impregnated Web is compacted as described in connection with FIG. 4 by adjusting its moisture content to about 15 by weight of the web and then passing the web through the com 23 pactin'g unit to achieve a total degree of compaction of about 20% without substantially increasing the thickness of the web.
  • the resulting paper according to this invention has improved flexibility, tear strength, and delamination resistance.
  • the unified paper of this example then is made into a sandpaper.
  • a barrier coat comprising a polyvinyl chloride resin plasticized with a copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile, and then a binder coat based upon a phenol-formaldehyde resin is applied to the barrier layer.
  • the binder coat is several times thicker than the barrier coat and sand granules are applied to the paper by partially imbedding them in the wet binder coat.
  • a conventional sand size next is applied over the binder layer to provide a sandpaper according to this invention which possesses superior flexibility, tear strength and crack resistance.
  • EXAMPLE XIV M.D. tensile strength 24 lbs./ in. Caliper .002 inch. Gurley density 45 sec. (2 ply 400 cc.) 5 oz.
  • Samples of treated and untreated paper are impregnated in an aqueous colloidal dispersion of 33% total solids comprising as the dispersed phase:
  • EXAMPLE XV A fiat kraft paper of 38 lbs. basis weight (24 x 36 x 480) of the following characteristics:
  • the delamination resistance of the control sheet is only ounces due to the poor impregnation thereof.
  • EXAMPLE XVI 5 A rope paper of cylinder machine manufacture of lbs. basis weight (24 x 36 x 480) is compressed in the cross machine direction in a laboratory adaption of the equipment shown in the drawings. One sample of the sheet is passed through the compression machine once and 10 another sample twice.
  • the starting web may comprise a major proportion of softwood kraft pulp preferably bleached or semi-bleached and slightly to moderately hydrated.
  • Other cellulosic fibers such as rope fibers may be used as the major constituent and other fibers including hardwood fibers and even certain non-cellulosic fibers may be used as the minor constituent of the starting web in papers according to this invention.
  • the starting web may be formed from fibers which are substantially straight and possess only natural curl or it may include a substantial proportion of fibers to which a substantial amount of curl or crimp has been imparted prior to web formation.
  • unified papers means primarily papers possessing increased resistance to splitting but is intended to also include increased resistance to fiber removal by spot picking or surface abrasion.
  • a unifying amount of the impregnant means that amount which prevents the paper from delaminating under normal conditions of use.
  • elastomeric fiber bonding agents may be applied from water or from solvent based systems such as those based on volatile organic solvents, depending upon the material. They also may be classified as high and 0 low modulus impregnants, both of which may be used in making papers according to this invention, as described hereinbefore.
  • the high modulus impregnants or polymers are in fact preferred at low levels of impregnation, i.e., about l030% by weight of the dry web. These high modulus materials, in the transition range of viscoelastic behavior,
  • polyvinyl acetate polymers and copolymers include polyvinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, high styrene copolymers, such as high styrene (60-90% styrene) butadiene-styrene copoly- 0 mers, polymethacrylate esters, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl acetals,
  • Suitable high modulus impregnants may be compounded by adding large amounts of modifying resins in conventional 10w modulus elastomer systems. For instance,
  • phenolic resins may be used with chloroprene, isoprene, butadiene-styrene, butadieneacrylonitrile or alkyl acrylate ester polymers and copolymers in such systems.
  • Polyisocyanates and blocked polyisocyanates also may be used in the impregnant to increase the strength and modulus of the impregnant and to improve the bond between the polymer and the paper fibers.
  • Conventional low modulus extensible polymers also are suitable as impregnants in this invention. These include natural rubbers; diene polymers and copolymers such as: butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene polymers; copolymers of these materials with styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, acrylic or methacrylic acids, acrylic or methacrylic acid esters; isobutylene polymers and copolymers; alkyl acrylate ester polymers and copolymers; polyvinyl ethers; glue-glycerine; and the like.
  • impregnation and compaction may be reversed although it is preferred to add the impregnant before compaction, and in certain cases it may be advantageous to perform impregnation and compaction in more than two steps.
  • Another modification of the invention involves deposition of the unifying agent on the fibers prior to sheet formation. This prior treatment of the fibers with the bonding agent may be carried out by means of any of the known beater impregnation techniques and is most advantageously used when the compression mechanism is set up in connection with a paper machine.
  • the principle may be modified by drying and rewetting the beater impregnated paper; or the paper, of suitable moisture content, may be stored in a moist condition and compressed after a convenient time interval.
  • the fiber bonding materials applicable in this modification are limited to those which can be deposited by beater impregnation.
  • the quantities of fiber bonding agent relative to fiber are limited naturally to the highest quantity which can be deposited onto the fibers. Usually somewhat less than the maximum quantity which can be deposited will make paper machine operation easier and result in an equal or superior final product. The lower limit may be determined only by evaluation of the final product for the use intended.
  • the unified papers of this invention are particularly useful as backings for pressuresensitive adhesive tapes.
  • the paper backing may be coated in a suitable manner with a suitable adhesive mass to form a new and improved adhesive tape.
  • the adhesive mass itself may be any of the conventional normally nontacky solvent-activated, or normal-1y tacky and pressuresensitive adhesive masses that are so well known in the prior art.
  • Most of the commonly used pressure-sensitive adhesives are based on relatively non-polar elastomers such as natural rubber, polyisoprene and the vulcanizable el-astomeric copolymers and interpolymers of at least 40 percent butadiene and at least percent styrene.
  • Such an adhesive mass may be especially compounded, copolymerized or interpolymerized to have the desired degree of adhesiveness in absence of additional tackifiers.
  • any of the conventional tackifiers may be used such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, dehydro-genated rosin, the glycols and glycerides of any of these resinous materials, p'olyterpenes, coumarone indene resins, polyalkyl styrenes, oil-soluble aldehyde resins, or any other desired tackifier in any of the proportions that are so well known in the art.
  • the adhesive mass may be free of an inert filler or may contain inert filler such as zinc oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, lead oxide, clay, titanium dioxide, aluminum, hydrated alumina, silica or any of the other conventional fillers for normally tacky and pressure-sensitive adhesives.
  • inert filler such as zinc oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, lead oxide, clay, titanium dioxide, aluminum, hydrated alumina, silica or any of the other conventional fillers for normally tacky and pressure-sensitive adhesives.
  • Other ingredients such as anti-oxidants or heat stabilizers, dyes or pigments may be present or absent depending upon the particular desired use for the adhesive sheet.
  • Typical normally tacky and pressure-sensitive adhesive masses are disclosed in Johnson & Johnsons British Patent No.
  • Suitable normally non-tacky adhesives are conventional water-activatable glue adhesives, organic solvent-activated resinous adhesives such as those based upon vinyl chloride polymers, etc.
  • a priming coating may be interposed between the impregnated paper backing and the adhesive mass in order to secure improved adhesion of these two laminae.
  • Any suitable priming coatings may be employed as, for example, those disclosed in the United States patent to Morris, No. 2,424,996.
  • Any suitable conventional release coating for such products may be employed as, for example, a lacquer, a surface-active material of the type disclosed in the United States patent to Collins, No. 2,913,355, etc.
  • the paper backing for pressure-sensitive adhesive tape according to this invention is formed by compacting the paper horizontally by at least about 5% to about 40% of its length
  • the tape resulting from processing as described above normally will be extensible to the extent of at least about 5% to about 40% in length when stretched lengthwise.
  • FIG. 3 An example of such a tape according to this invention is shown in FIG. 3 wherein a coating 2 of a normally tacky and pressure-sensitive adhesive is applied to one side of a unified sheet produced in accordance with this invention, which sheet forms the backing of the tape.
  • a pressure-sensitive adhesive masking tape comprising a unified paper backing coated on one surface thereof with a pressure-sensitive adhesive, said tape being wound in successive convolutions upon itself to form a roll from which it is rapidly unwinda-ble without delamination of said paper backing, and when so unwound, is extensible to the extent of at least about 5 in length when stretched lengthwise; said unified paper backing being composed of distorted, longitudinally crowded cellulose fibers,
  • the fibers of said backing being distorted and longitudinally crowded by subjecting a starting web having an elongated Web body composed of cellulose fibers and having two opposed web faces, while heated to a temperature sufiicient to generate moisture vapor, simultaneously to (a) sufiicient confining pressure, acting perpendicularly with respect to said web .faces to prevent substantial crinkling of the web body,
  • an inexpensive tape acting longitudinally with respect to the length of said web (i) to cause the .web fibers to be longitudinally distorted and forced closer together in changed orientation lengthwise within the web body and (ii) to cause the web body thereby to contract in length by at least about 5%; whereby an inexpensive tape is provided characterized by (a) high resistance to delamination, (12) high conformability, and (c) good firm- 2.
  • a unified, compacted paper sheet adapted to be used as a backing for adhesive tape, abrasive sheet material, artificial leather and the like; said paper sheet comprising (a) cellulosic papermaking fibers that are compressively distorted, and crowded together within the body of said sheet and (b) an extensible, polymeric fiber-bonding agent, distributed substantially throughout the body of said sheet in unifying amount and in fiber-bonding relationship with said cellulosic fibers to bond said fibers in their distorted and crowded state; said unified, compacted paper sheet being formed by compaction of a paper starting web having a sheet-like web body composed essentially of cellulosic papermaking fibers, and a median plane lying generally between its web faces, by carrying out the following operations upon said starting web, to wit:
  • sufiicient confining force acting in a direction generally perpendicular to said median plane, to prevent substantial crinkling of said web body during such compaction
  • a relatively dense, unified, compacted paper sheet adapted to be used as a backing for adhesive tape, abrasive sheet material, artificial leather and the like; said paper sheet comprising (a) cellulosic papermaking fibers that are compressively distorted, crowded and pushed together within the body of said sheet and (b) an extensible polymeric fiber bonding agent, distributed within the body of said sheet in unifying amount and in fiber-bonding rela tionship with said cellulosic fibers to bond said fibers in their distorted and crowded state; said distorted fibers being formed from a paper web composed of cellulosic papermaking fibers and having a Web body between two opposed, substantially parallel web faces, by carrying out the following operations upon said paper web, to wit: (1) incorporating into said web a unifying proportion of said polymeric fiber-bonding agent dispersed in an aqueous vehicle; thereafter (2) simultaneously (a) applying force, acting perpendicularly with respect to said web faces, to prevent substantial crinkling of said polymercontaining web body
  • a relatively dense, unified, compacted paper sheet adapted to be used as a backing for adhesive tape, abrasive sheet material, artificial leather and the like; said paper sheet comprising (a) cellulosic papermaking fibers that are compressively distorted, crowded, and pushed together within the body of said sheet and (b) an extensible, polymeric fiber-bonding agent, distributed within the body of said sheet in unifying amount and in fiber-bonding relationship with said cellulosic fibers to bond said fibers in their distorted and crowded state; said distorted fibers being formed from a paper web composed of cellulosic papermaking fibers and having a web body between two opposed, substantially parallel web faces, by carrying out the following operations upon said paper web, to wit: (1) incorporating into said web a unifying proportion of said polymeric fiber-bonding agent; thereafter (2) simultaneously (a) applying force, acting perpendicularly with respect to said web faces, to prevent substantial crinkling of said polymer-containing web body and to maintain said web faces substantially parallel to each
  • a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape by forming a unified, extensible, elongated paper backing, coating one surface of said backing with a water insoluble, normally tacky and pressure-sensitive adhesive mass and winding the coated backing upon itself to form a roll of tape; that improvement which comprises forming said unified extensible paper backing by (a) impregnating a paper web having opposed, substantially parallel web faces and an elongated web body composed of cellulose fibers, with an aqueous dispersion of an extensible polymeric fiber-bonding agent in an amount sufficient substantially to increase the resistance of the dried Web to delamination; (b) passing said impregnated web, while plasticized with moisture, between two moving surfaces, (i) one of said moving surfaces being a heated, inelastic, polished metal surface that, in cooperation with the moisture vapor generated during contact of the web therewith, offers relatively low frictional resistance to the movement of the web in contact therewith, (ii) the other of said moving surfaces being a contractible, yieldably supported, rubber surface that,
  • a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape comprising a unilied paper backing coated on one surface thereof with a 5 normally tacky and pressure-sensitive adhesive, said tape being wound in successive convolutions upon itself to form a roll from which it is rapidly unwindable without delamination of said backing; said backing being composed of (a) paper-making cellulosic fibers that are compressively distorted and crowded together within the body of the backing, and (b) an extensible, polymeric, fiberbonding agent, distributed substantially throughout the body of such backing in unifying amount and in fiberbond-ing relationship with said fibers to bond said fibers together in their distorted and crowded state; said backing being formed by carrying out the following operations, to wit:
  • a starting web comprising an open, porous paper web composed essentially of paper-making cellulosic fibers, said starting web having a sheetlike web body with a median plane lying generally between its web faces;
  • sufiicient confining force acting in a direction generally perpendicular to said median plane, to prevent substantial crinhling of said web body during such compaction
  • a pressureasensitive adhesive tape comprising a unified paper backing coated on one surface thereof with a normally tacky and pressure-sensitive adhesive, said tape being wound in successive convolutions upon itself to form a roll from which it is rapidly unwindable without delarnination of said backing; said backing being composed of (a) paperanaking cellulosic fibers that are compressively distorted and crowded together the body of the backing, and (b) an extensible, polymeric, fiber-bonding agent, distributed substantially throughout the body of such backing in unifying amount and in fiber-bonding re- 70 lations'hip with said fibers to bond said fibers together in their distorted and crowded state; said tape being formed by carrying out the following operations, to wit:
  • rous paper web composed essentially of paper-making cellulosic fibers, said starting web having a sheet- 31 like web body with a median plane iying generally between its web faces;
  • suflicient compacting force acting in a direction generally parallel to said median plane, substantially to contract the area of said web body and to distort and crowd said fibers closer together in changed orientation with respect to each other, within said web body between said faces;

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
US10775261 1956-11-23 1961-05-04 Unified paper sheet, process of making, and pressure-sensitive adhesive tape made therefrom Expired - Lifetime US3055496A (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL278075D NL278075A (de) 1956-11-23
NL240641D NL240641A (de) 1956-11-23
NL131830D NL131830C (de) 1956-11-23
BE630279D BE630279A (de) 1956-11-23
GB3653357A GB869231A (en) 1956-11-23 1957-11-22 Paper sheets and tapes
DED28510A DE1160293B (de) 1956-11-23 1958-07-12 Imgraegniertes, verdichtetes, dehnbares Papier mit hohem Aufspaltwiderstand und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
FR799679A FR1233747A (fr) 1956-11-23 1959-07-08 Papiers de support perfectionnés pour rubans adhésifs et leur procédé de fabrication
CH7652059A CH392241A (de) 1956-11-23 1959-08-03 Verstärktes Papier und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US10775261 US3055496A (en) 1956-11-23 1961-05-04 Unified paper sheet, process of making, and pressure-sensitive adhesive tape made therefrom
GB1708862A GB1012441A (en) 1956-11-23 1962-05-03 Improvements in and relating to paper products
NL278075A NL144691B (nl) 1956-11-23 1962-05-04 Versterkt, langs de natte weg vervaardigd vezelvlies met een grote weerstand tegen het splijten in lagen en een grote rekbaarheid en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen daarvan.
DE19621560837 DE1560837A1 (de) 1956-11-23 1962-10-19 Kunstleder
DE19621546378 DE1546378A1 (de) 1956-11-23 1962-10-23 Impraegniertes,verdichtetes,dehnbares Papier und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

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US62414456A 1956-11-23 1956-11-23
US10775261 US3055496A (en) 1956-11-23 1961-05-04 Unified paper sheet, process of making, and pressure-sensitive adhesive tape made therefrom
DEJ0022522 1962-10-19
DEJ0022536 1962-10-23

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BE (1) BE630279A (de)
DE (2) DE1560837A1 (de)
GB (2) GB869231A (de)
NL (4) NL144691B (de)

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US3285771A (en) * 1962-12-21 1966-11-15 Johnson & Johnson Permanent attachment pressure sensitive adhesive tape
US3345204A (en) * 1963-06-06 1967-10-03 Johnson & Johnson Process of impregnating an instantaneously wettable paper with a rubber latex
US3454463A (en) * 1966-07-12 1969-07-08 Clupak Inc Methods of making newsprint paper
US3464848A (en) * 1966-04-11 1969-09-02 Kimberly Clark Co Pressure sensitive tape having improved backing
US3466187A (en) * 1965-06-21 1969-09-09 Grace W R & Co Pressure-sensitive tape
US3483018A (en) * 1966-11-07 1969-12-09 Johnson & Johnson Extensible adhesive tape
US3497380A (en) * 1966-11-22 1970-02-24 Kimberly Clark Co Oil absorbent,oil resistant impregnated paper
US3507691A (en) * 1966-11-22 1970-04-21 Kimberly Clark Co Heat formable artificial leather product and method of manufacture
US3523865A (en) * 1962-11-15 1970-08-11 Billeruds Ab Method of producing extensible paper
DE2126897A1 (en) * 1971-05-29 1972-11-30 Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, N.J. (V.St.A.) Adhesive tape - of paper fibres in flexible binder with pressure sensitive adhesive
US3874905A (en) * 1973-06-28 1975-04-01 Union Oil Co Wax coated paper of improved water resistance
US3923583A (en) * 1972-02-16 1975-12-02 Giacomo Bianchini Machine for the coupling of fabrics
US4024015A (en) * 1972-12-07 1977-05-17 Valmet Oy Web-forming method and apparatus
DE2832054A1 (de) * 1978-05-18 1979-11-22 Beloit Corp Endloses druckband aus elastomerem werkstoff zum laengsweisen verdichten einer materialbahn
US4460426A (en) * 1980-06-06 1984-07-17 Showa Seitai Kogyo Kaisha Ltd. Composite paper sheets adapted to manufacture bags and process
US4638907A (en) * 1984-11-28 1987-01-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Laminated laundry product
US4699824A (en) * 1979-09-19 1987-10-13 Joseph Pufahl Adhesive tape
US4839076A (en) * 1988-04-07 1989-06-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Pouched through the washer and dryer laundry additive product having at least one wall comprised of finely apertured polymeric film
US5209973A (en) * 1988-10-19 1993-05-11 Beiersdorf Aktiengesellschaft Adhesive paper tapes
US5251551A (en) * 1988-09-29 1993-10-12 Jujo Paper Co., Ltd. Calendering apparatus for paper making process
US20040241435A1 (en) * 2003-04-11 2004-12-02 Tesa Ag Adhesive masking tape
US20040247843A1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2004-12-09 Mcleod John Method of applying a protective film, optionally including advertising or other visible material, to the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway
US20050118400A1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2005-06-02 Ronald H. Ball Method of and apparatus for applying a film optionally including advertising or other visible material, to the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway
US20050194114A1 (en) * 2004-03-03 2005-09-08 Weinstein David I. Paper machine belt conditioning system, apparatus and method
US20060070216A1 (en) * 2003-07-04 2006-04-06 Ernst Klas Method for compressive shrinking and rubber blanket shrinking system
US20070269626A1 (en) * 2006-05-18 2007-11-22 Neenah Paper, Inc. Self-releasing lint tape
US20090123715A1 (en) * 2007-11-09 2009-05-14 Escalator Handrail Company Inc. Elastic and resilient film having a barrier layer
US20100115745A1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2010-05-13 Paul Morris Apparatus and method for transporting a fabric
US20100307411A1 (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-12-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Masking article for producing precise paint lines and method of improving paint line performance of masking articles
US20120021661A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2012-01-26 Albany International Corp. Thermally sprayed protective coating for industrial and engineered fabrics
CN102535230A (zh) * 2010-11-24 2012-07-04 美卓造纸机械公司 用于纤维幅材加工机器的模块
US20150240129A1 (en) * 2014-02-26 2015-08-27 Seiko Epson Corporation Adhesive paper and manufacturing method of adhesive paper
US9968149B2 (en) 2007-02-27 2018-05-15 Talon Technologies, Inc. Garment formed with extensible garment fabric
US20220235505A1 (en) * 2021-01-22 2022-07-28 Gregory Alan Holmes Compactor for lengthwise compressive shrinkage of fabrics

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CN108166315A (zh) * 2017-12-08 2018-06-15 安徽金亿禾特种纸有限公司 一种复写纸幅的修饰方法
CN108481728B (zh) * 2018-03-23 2020-01-03 苏州市嘉创电子材料有限公司 贴保护膜工艺

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Cited By (56)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3523865A (en) * 1962-11-15 1970-08-11 Billeruds Ab Method of producing extensible paper
US3285771A (en) * 1962-12-21 1966-11-15 Johnson & Johnson Permanent attachment pressure sensitive adhesive tape
US3345204A (en) * 1963-06-06 1967-10-03 Johnson & Johnson Process of impregnating an instantaneously wettable paper with a rubber latex
US3466187A (en) * 1965-06-21 1969-09-09 Grace W R & Co Pressure-sensitive tape
US3464848A (en) * 1966-04-11 1969-09-02 Kimberly Clark Co Pressure sensitive tape having improved backing
US3454463A (en) * 1966-07-12 1969-07-08 Clupak Inc Methods of making newsprint paper
US3483018A (en) * 1966-11-07 1969-12-09 Johnson & Johnson Extensible adhesive tape
US3497380A (en) * 1966-11-22 1970-02-24 Kimberly Clark Co Oil absorbent,oil resistant impregnated paper
US3507691A (en) * 1966-11-22 1970-04-21 Kimberly Clark Co Heat formable artificial leather product and method of manufacture
DE2126897A1 (en) * 1971-05-29 1972-11-30 Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, N.J. (V.St.A.) Adhesive tape - of paper fibres in flexible binder with pressure sensitive adhesive
US3923583A (en) * 1972-02-16 1975-12-02 Giacomo Bianchini Machine for the coupling of fabrics
US4024015A (en) * 1972-12-07 1977-05-17 Valmet Oy Web-forming method and apparatus
US3874905A (en) * 1973-06-28 1975-04-01 Union Oil Co Wax coated paper of improved water resistance
DE2832054A1 (de) * 1978-05-18 1979-11-22 Beloit Corp Endloses druckband aus elastomerem werkstoff zum laengsweisen verdichten einer materialbahn
US4699824A (en) * 1979-09-19 1987-10-13 Joseph Pufahl Adhesive tape
US4460426A (en) * 1980-06-06 1984-07-17 Showa Seitai Kogyo Kaisha Ltd. Composite paper sheets adapted to manufacture bags and process
US4638907A (en) * 1984-11-28 1987-01-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Laminated laundry product
US4839076A (en) * 1988-04-07 1989-06-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Pouched through the washer and dryer laundry additive product having at least one wall comprised of finely apertured polymeric film
US5251551A (en) * 1988-09-29 1993-10-12 Jujo Paper Co., Ltd. Calendering apparatus for paper making process
US5209973A (en) * 1988-10-19 1993-05-11 Beiersdorf Aktiengesellschaft Adhesive paper tapes
US20040247843A1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2004-12-09 Mcleod John Method of applying a protective film, optionally including advertising or other visible material, to the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway
US20050118400A1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2005-06-02 Ronald H. Ball Method of and apparatus for applying a film optionally including advertising or other visible material, to the surface of a handrail for an escalator or moving walkway
US7951254B2 (en) 1999-02-19 2011-05-31 Ehc Canada, Inc. Method of applying advertising to the surface of a moving handrail
US20100088183A1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2010-04-08 Ball Ronald H Method of applying advertising to the surface of a moving handrail
US20070284031A1 (en) * 1999-02-19 2007-12-13 Mcleod John Method of applying a flexible film to a handrail and forming a joint between the ends of the film
US20040241435A1 (en) * 2003-04-11 2004-12-02 Tesa Ag Adhesive masking tape
US20060070216A1 (en) * 2003-07-04 2006-04-06 Ernst Klas Method for compressive shrinking and rubber blanket shrinking system
US7171732B2 (en) * 2003-07-04 2007-02-06 A. Monforts Textilmaschinen Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for compressive shrinking and rubber blanket shrinking system
US7300551B2 (en) * 2004-03-03 2007-11-27 Nalco Company Paper machine belt conditioning system, apparatus and method
US20050194114A1 (en) * 2004-03-03 2005-09-08 Weinstein David I. Paper machine belt conditioning system, apparatus and method
US20080110474A1 (en) * 2004-03-03 2008-05-15 Weinstein David I Paper machine belt conditioning system, apparatus and method
US8147652B2 (en) * 2004-03-03 2012-04-03 Nalco Company Paper machine belt conditioning system, apparatus and method
US20120000622A1 (en) * 2004-03-03 2012-01-05 Weinstein David I Paper machine belt conditioning system, apparatus and method
US7811415B2 (en) 2004-03-03 2010-10-12 Nalco Company Paper machine belt conditioning system, apparatus and method
AU2005227852B2 (en) * 2004-03-03 2010-08-26 Nalco Company Paper machine belt conditioning system, apparatus and method
WO2005094403A3 (en) * 2004-03-03 2007-03-29 Nalco Co Paper machine belt conditioning system, apparatus and method
US9994997B2 (en) * 2005-04-13 2018-06-12 Albany International Corp. Thermally sprayed protective coating for industrial and engineered fabrics
US20120021661A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2012-01-26 Albany International Corp. Thermally sprayed protective coating for industrial and engineered fabrics
US7794832B2 (en) * 2006-05-18 2010-09-14 Neenah Paper, Inc. Self-releasing lint tape
US20070269626A1 (en) * 2006-05-18 2007-11-22 Neenah Paper, Inc. Self-releasing lint tape
US9290349B2 (en) 2007-02-27 2016-03-22 Talon Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for transporting a fabric
US9968149B2 (en) 2007-02-27 2018-05-15 Talon Technologies, Inc. Garment formed with extensible garment fabric
US8544156B2 (en) * 2007-02-27 2013-10-01 Talon Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for transporting a fabric
US20100115745A1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2010-05-13 Paul Morris Apparatus and method for transporting a fabric
US20090123715A1 (en) * 2007-11-09 2009-05-14 Escalator Handrail Company Inc. Elastic and resilient film having a barrier layer
US8206528B2 (en) 2007-11-09 2012-06-26 Ehc Canada, Inc. Method of applying a film to an endless moving handrail having a layer with a barrier coating
US20090123714A1 (en) * 2007-11-09 2009-05-14 Escalator Handrail Company Elastic and resilient film having a layer with a barrier coating
US8337977B2 (en) 2007-11-09 2012-12-25 Ehc Canada, Inc. Elastic and resilient film having a layer with a barrier coating
US20090120575A1 (en) * 2007-11-09 2009-05-14 Escalator Handrail Company Inc. Method of manufacturing a film having a layer with a barrier coating
US20090126858A1 (en) * 2007-11-09 2009-05-21 Escalator Handrail Company Inc. Method of applying a film to an endless moving handrail having a layer with a barrier coating
US20100307411A1 (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-12-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Masking article for producing precise paint lines and method of improving paint line performance of masking articles
US8833295B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2014-09-16 3M Innovative Properties Company Masking article for producing precise paint lines and method of improving paint line performance of masking articles
CN102535230A (zh) * 2010-11-24 2012-07-04 美卓造纸机械公司 用于纤维幅材加工机器的模块
CN102535230B (zh) * 2010-11-24 2014-12-10 维美德技术有限公司 用于纤维幅材加工机器的模块
US20150240129A1 (en) * 2014-02-26 2015-08-27 Seiko Epson Corporation Adhesive paper and manufacturing method of adhesive paper
US20220235505A1 (en) * 2021-01-22 2022-07-28 Gregory Alan Holmes Compactor for lengthwise compressive shrinkage of fabrics

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1546378A1 (de) 1969-06-12
GB869231A (en) 1961-05-31
NL144691B (nl) 1975-01-15
NL278075A (de) 1900-01-01
NL240641A (de) 1900-01-01
DE1560837A1 (de) 1969-07-24
BE630279A (de) 1900-01-01
GB1012441A (en) 1965-12-08
NL131830C (de) 1900-01-01

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