US3026166A - Peroxide-dipersulfate bleaching of cotton fibers - Google Patents
Peroxide-dipersulfate bleaching of cotton fibers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3026166A US3026166A US845310A US84531059A US3026166A US 3026166 A US3026166 A US 3026166A US 845310 A US845310 A US 845310A US 84531059 A US84531059 A US 84531059A US 3026166 A US3026166 A US 3026166A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- bleaching
- dipersulfate
- bleach
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OUXVDHDFKSWBOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraazanium sulfonatooxy sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O OUXVDHDFKSWBOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 25
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000012632 extractable Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 102100027988 GTP-binding protein Rhes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101000578396 Homo sapiens GTP-binding protein Rhes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RSRJCYZEMGBMDE-UHFFFAOYSA-J [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O RSRJCYZEMGBMDE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- WSTYDEJXBVROKI-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium sulfonatooxy sulfate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O WSTYDEJXBVROKI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- PITMOJXAHYPVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxybenzoic acid;n-(4-ethoxyphenyl)acetamide;1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(NC(C)=O)C=C1.CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O.CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C PITMOJXAHYPVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkyl aryl sodium Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009897 hydrogen peroxide bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
- D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
- D06L4/13—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen using inorganic agents
Definitions
- Cold-bleached cotton fibers suffer one major disadvantage, however. Their absorbencies, that is their abilities to be wetted with water, are poor. This means that they are not readily receptive to many post-bleaching treatments; as an example, they are difiicult to dye.
- the bleached fibers of the present invention exhibit this improved absorbency without any sacrifice in the other desirable properties of cold-bleached fibers.
- the bleached fibers of the present invention do not undergo undue degradation, and they do not contain undue amounts of harmful impurities. It has even been found that they exhibit somewhat improved brightnesses when compared with fibers bleached by the same technique, with a hydrogen peroxide bleaching solution not containing the dipersulfate.
- Cotton fibers in any form, and either alone or mixed with other fibers, may be treated by the present method.
- the fibers may be raw stock, or they may be carded, spun, woven, knitted, felted, or otherwise fabricated into goods.
- the fibers are dampened with'the present bleach solution. In damp condition, they contain about 50 to 150 parts by weight of bleach for each parts by weight of fiber. Dampened fibers containing 100 parts by weight of bleach for each 100 parts by weight of fiber are referred to herein as being dampened to the extent of 100 percent.
- the dampening of the fibers is carried out by conventional means. For example, they may be immersed in the bleach bath, removed from the bath, and squeezed to remove excess bleach. Other suitable means will be apparent to one skilled in fiber-treating.
- the bleaching operation is carried out at a temperature at or near room temperature, for example, at about 50 F. to 5., over about 6 to 24 hours. Some heat of reaction is given off in the bleaching operation, and may raise the temperature of the dampened fibers to as much as about 120 F. or even slightly higher. This has been found not to interfere with the bleaching operation.
- the fibers normally are kept damp; that is the bleach solution is maintained in the fibers in the amount of about 50% to While the bleach solution may be permitted to evaporate from the fibers to provide somewhat less than 50% saturation during bleaching without destroying the bleachrug efiiciency, the more sensitive cotton fibers may be damaged by the more concentrated alkaline bleach solution which results from excess evaporation, and it therefore is preferred to maintain at least about 50% of bleach liquor in the fibers.
- the desired degree of dampness may be maintained readily, by merely stacking the fibers to retard evaporation of the bleaching solution.
- Other means for maintaining the fibers in damp condition may be employed, for example, they may be stored in humid atmosphere, or they may be covered to prevent or retard evaporation.
- the fibers are washed free of bleaching solution with water, at room or elevated temperatures.
- the bleach solution comprises a typical hydrogen peroxide cold-bleach solution, containing as an added, essential ingredient, about 3 to 15 grams per liter, and preferably about 5 to 7 grams per liter, of a dipersulfate of ammonia or an alkali metal.
- the aqueous alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleach solution normally will contain, in addition to the dipersulfate, about 0.75 to 5% by weight of hydrogen peroxide, about 5 to 25 grams per liter of sodium hydroxide, or an equivalent amount of another alkalisuchas potassium hydroxide or an alkali phosphate, and a stabilizing amount of a typical bleach bath stabilizer such as sodium silicate or a phosphate.
- a stabilizing amount of the silicate is about to 50 grams-per liter, and of the phosphate is about 2 to 15 grams per liter.
- this solution Will also contain a wetting agent of the type normally used in bleach ing solutions, preferably a non-ionic or anionic wetting agent such as an alkyl aryl sodium sulfonate or an alkyl aryl polyether alcohol, in the amount of about 1 to 5 grams per liter, Hydrogen peroxide and alkali may be place part of the hydrogen peroxide for bleaching, as
- the bleaching solution containing the dipersulfate should not undergo prolonged heating above about 100 F.before application to the fibers, as such preheating reduces the effectiveness of the dipersulfate in improving the absorbencies and brightnesses of the fibers in bleaching. Heating the dampened fibers containing the bleach to about 120 F. or even higher, however, does not have this deleterious effect.
- the brightnesses of the bleached fibers were determined on a Gardner Automatic Multi-Purpose Reflectrometer, manufactured by Gardner Laboratory, Inc., of Bethesda, Maryland. Brightnesses of 80% or better are considered satisfactory.
- the absorbencies of the fibers were measured by placing a sample of the cloth in taut condition on a horizontal frame, dropping one drop of distilled water from a height of /8 inch onto the cloth, and measuring the time for disappearance of a specular reflection from the water. Time values of to seconds or less are considered satisfactory.
- Fluidities a measure of the extent of damage to the fibers, were measured by the ASTM Cuprarnmonium Method, D-539-53, with the results being stated as rhes units. Rhes values on the order of about 6 to 7 or lower are considered satisfactory.
- the fibers also were tested for ash, for their contents of water-extractable materials, their contents of enzymeextractable materials, and for their contents of fats, oils and waxes, by standard techniques. These additional determinations were made to compare the general properties of fibers c01d-bleached with solutions containing, and those not containing, the dipersulfate. The ash determinations were made by charring samples of cloth in a platinum crucible using a Mekker burner, and mufiling to constant weight. Ash values on the order of 20% to .25% or lower are considered satisfactory. The percent enzyme-extractable values were determined with a solution of Rapidase, a proteolytic enzyme sold by Penetone Co., of Tenafly, New Jersey.
- Example 1 Swatches of cotton drill cloth, having a weight of 1.85 yards per pound and a reflectance of 63% was immersed in following solutions A and B, and passed, through rollers to adjust the content of bleach solution on the cloth to 100%. The samples were then packed into, a vessel and covered with a further cloth containing the bleach solution, and permitted to stand for 19 hours at room temperature, about 75 -F. to F. The treated fibers were then washed free of bleach solution by three water washings and dried in an air circulating oven at 200 F. The bleached samples were then tested, with the results reported under the heading Cloth Analysis.
- the amount of sodium silicate reported in the various examples is the amount of 42 B. solution employed.
- the detergent used in the various examples was an alkyl aryl sodium sulionate.
- Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, employing the following bleach solutions:
- Example 3 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, employing the following bleach solutions:
- Swatches of the cloths treated with solutions A and B were washed and tested after being stored for 6 hours.
- the swatches treated with solution A had a reflectance of 79.9% absorbencies of over 3 minutes.
- the swatches treated with solution B had reflectances of 82.0%, and absorbencies of only seconds.
- Example 4 the cloth treated was an 80 x 80 thread cotton print cloth, having a weight of 4 yards per pound.
- cotton fibers bleached with the present dipersulfate-containing cold-bleach solutions have better brightnesses, and much better absorbencies, than similar fibers treated with typical cold-bleach solutions not containing a dipersulfate.
- These improvements are achieved with no increase in the active oxygen content of the bleaching bath, and with no substantial change in other properties of the bleached cloth.
- These improved bleaching results make the cold-bleaching method suitable for bleaching cotton fiber products which must have high absorbencies, and thereby bring the economic advantages of the cold-bleach process into this area of fiber bleaching.
- the improvement which comprises employing as the bleaching bath an aqueous alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution containing as an essential ingredient, a dipersulfate from the group consisting of the alkali metal dipersulfates and ammonium dipersulfate, whereby the absorbency of said cotton fibers is not materially diminished.
- Method of claim 2 in which the bleach comprises about 0.75% to 5% by weight of hydrogen peroxide, about 3 to 15 grams per liter of a dipersulfate from the group consisting of the alkali metal dipersulfates and ammonium dipersulfate, an amount of alkali equivalent to about 5 to 25 grams per liter of sodium hydroxide, and a stabilizing amount of a stabilizer.
- dipersulfate is potassium dipersulfate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE595566D BE595566A (en)) | 1959-10-09 | ||
| US845310A US3026166A (en) | 1959-10-09 | 1959-10-09 | Peroxide-dipersulfate bleaching of cotton fibers |
| FR839551A FR1268288A (fr) | 1959-10-09 | 1960-09-26 | Perfectionnement au blanchiment des fibres de coton |
| GB33430/60A GB894070A (en) | 1959-10-09 | 1960-09-29 | Improvements in and relating to the bleaching of cotton fibres |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US845310A US3026166A (en) | 1959-10-09 | 1959-10-09 | Peroxide-dipersulfate bleaching of cotton fibers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3026166A true US3026166A (en) | 1962-03-20 |
Family
ID=25294935
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US845310A Expired - Lifetime US3026166A (en) | 1959-10-09 | 1959-10-09 | Peroxide-dipersulfate bleaching of cotton fibers |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3026166A (en)) |
| BE (1) | BE595566A (en)) |
| GB (1) | GB894070A (en)) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3104152A (en) * | 1961-08-30 | 1963-09-17 | Springs Cotton Mills | Continuous peroxide bleaching of cross linked cellulose fabrics |
| US3634024A (en) * | 1970-08-21 | 1972-01-11 | Fmc Corp | Desize-scouring of textiles with alkaline peroxydiphosphate solutions |
| US3649164A (en) * | 1970-08-21 | 1972-03-14 | Fmc Corp | Activation of hydrogen peroxide bleach solutions with peroxydiphosphate |
| US4106899A (en) * | 1977-01-19 | 1978-08-15 | Gaston County Dyeing Machine Company | Textile goods bleaching means and method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1894277A (en) * | 1928-07-28 | 1933-01-17 | Edward H Manahan | Bleaching composition and process |
| US2110649A (en) * | 1934-02-01 | 1938-03-08 | Franz Ehrhart | Continuous bleaching process |
| US2882121A (en) * | 1954-12-07 | 1959-04-14 | Stevensons Dyers Ltd | Permonosulfuric acid for bleaching synthetic polymer textiles |
| US2901319A (en) * | 1957-10-31 | 1959-08-25 | Du Pont | Preparation of potassium monopersulfate |
-
0
- BE BE595566D patent/BE595566A/xx unknown
-
1959
- 1959-10-09 US US845310A patent/US3026166A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1960
- 1960-09-29 GB GB33430/60A patent/GB894070A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1894277A (en) * | 1928-07-28 | 1933-01-17 | Edward H Manahan | Bleaching composition and process |
| US2110649A (en) * | 1934-02-01 | 1938-03-08 | Franz Ehrhart | Continuous bleaching process |
| US2882121A (en) * | 1954-12-07 | 1959-04-14 | Stevensons Dyers Ltd | Permonosulfuric acid for bleaching synthetic polymer textiles |
| US2901319A (en) * | 1957-10-31 | 1959-08-25 | Du Pont | Preparation of potassium monopersulfate |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3104152A (en) * | 1961-08-30 | 1963-09-17 | Springs Cotton Mills | Continuous peroxide bleaching of cross linked cellulose fabrics |
| US3634024A (en) * | 1970-08-21 | 1972-01-11 | Fmc Corp | Desize-scouring of textiles with alkaline peroxydiphosphate solutions |
| US3649164A (en) * | 1970-08-21 | 1972-03-14 | Fmc Corp | Activation of hydrogen peroxide bleach solutions with peroxydiphosphate |
| US4106899A (en) * | 1977-01-19 | 1978-08-15 | Gaston County Dyeing Machine Company | Textile goods bleaching means and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE595566A (en)) | |
| GB894070A (en) | 1962-04-18 |
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