US3022439A - Electric lamps - Google Patents

Electric lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
US3022439A
US3022439A US14254A US1425460A US3022439A US 3022439 A US3022439 A US 3022439A US 14254 A US14254 A US 14254A US 1425460 A US1425460 A US 1425460A US 3022439 A US3022439 A US 3022439A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
filament
atmosphere
hydrogen
halogens
carbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US14254A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr Dexter P Cooper
Hazel M Bryant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Polaroid Corp
Original Assignee
Polaroid Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL262249D priority Critical patent/NL262249A/xx
Application filed by Polaroid Corp filed Critical Polaroid Corp
Priority to US14254A priority patent/US3022439A/en
Priority to FR853556A priority patent/FR1280509A/fr
Priority to BE600661A priority patent/BE600661A/fr
Priority to GB7822/61A priority patent/GB900200A/en
Priority to DEU7863A priority patent/DE1188201B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3022439A publication Critical patent/US3022439A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/50—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified pressure thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
    • H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electric lamps and more particularly to new and improved electric incandescent lamps adapted to be operated at relatively high temperatures and possessing relatively long, useful operating life at such high temperatures.
  • Objects of the invention are to provide incandescent lamps of the character described in which a filament comprising a major percentage of tantalum carbide is positioned within the envelope of the lamp containing an atmosphere comprising, at operating temperatures, hydrogen, vaporized carbon and at least two halogens, one of the halogens being selected from the group consisting of bromine and iodine.
  • the invention accordingly comprises the product possessing the features, properties, and the relation of elements which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.
  • the preferred incandescent lamp comprises a filament comprising a major percentage of tantalum carbide positioned within an atmosphere comprising, at operating temperatures, hydrogen, vaporized carbon and at least two halogens,"such as for example chlorine and iodine, chlorine and bromine, bromine and iodine and the like.
  • a filament comprising a major percentage of tantalum carbide is positioned within an. atmosphere 12 comprising, at operating temperatures, hydrogen, volatilized carbon, and at least two halogens, one of which is iodine or bromine.
  • An inert gas such as argon may also be present within the atmosphere.
  • the components of the atmosphere may be provided by in- .Srates atent troducing, for example, carbon tetrachloride, methyl iodide or bromide and hydrogen before the bulb is sealed.
  • the filament 10 may be suspended between leads 14 which are in turn attached to subleads 16; the'subleads may be connected to a source of electric power outside the envelope 18'.
  • the filament may be mo'unted on 40 mil tantalum carbide leads within a standard T-20 envelope of about 270 cc. capacity into which about 2 cc. of carbon tetrachloride, a small amount of methyl iodide and 20 cc. of hydrogen, at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, have been introduced, along with suflicient argon to bring the total pressure Within the bulb at least to slightly less than one atmosphere.
  • the bulb and components may be cleaned and prepared in ways well known to the art. It is desirable to coat the inner surface 2% of the envelope with a material that will protect the glass from attack. This may be done by evaporating calcium fluoride, for example, upon the inner surface of the envelope before the lamp is assembled.
  • the filaments employed are comprised of a major percentage or portion of tantalum carbide.
  • the filaments may consist essentially of tantalum carbide, such as disclosed in US. Patent 2,596,469, or they may be comprised of a solid solution or mixture of a major percentage of at least one refractory metal carbide such as disclosed in copending applications Serial Nos. 5,524 and 5,525, both filed January 29, 1960.
  • a filament comprising tantalum carbide and from about 1 to about 30 percent by weight of at least one metal carbide selected from the group consisting of the carbides of zirconium and hafnium.
  • a filament comprising tantalum carbide and between about 1 and 10 percent by weight of at leastone metal carbide selected from the group consisting of the carbides of titanium, thorium, vanadium, niobium, tungsten, molybdenum and uranium.
  • the filament may be of any suitable configuration, whether straight, coiled, crimped or otherwise shaped.
  • any convenient method of forming the carbide filament (or leads) may be used, it may be convenient to convert, for example, 'a tantalum filament and leads to tantalum carbide after the bulb has been assembled.
  • a bulb may be constructed with all elements identical with those disclosed in the preferred embodiment of this invention, except that the filament and leads may comprise essentially pure tantalum.
  • the filament may then be converted to tantalum carbide by passing suflicient current'through the filament to yield a filament temperature of about 3100 C. In this way, the.
  • the leads may consist of a composition similar to the filament or they may consist of rods of carbon, tungsten, platinum, palladium, rhodium, or suitable metals coated or plated with platinum, palladium, rhodium and the like.
  • incandescent lamps which employed an atmosphere the elements of which interacted with each other and with the filament sons to provide for increased lamp life.
  • incandescent lamps employing a filament comprising a major percentage of tantalum carbide within atmospheres including, in addition to hydro gen and volatilized carbon, chlorine or fluorine.
  • uncombined carbon is deposited at the ends of the filaments and leads which are at a temperature below the operating temperature of the filament. This causes the equilibrium systems to become unbalanced, such that the amount of carbon in the atmosphere is insuflicient to prevent the metal carbide filament from decomposing into free metal and carbon.
  • the decarburized filament is then subject to'more rapid deterioration and failure. It has been found that in incandescent lamps of the abovementioned type, the deposit of uncombined carbon at the cooler portions of the filament structure can be substantially reduced and the filament and lamp life greatly extended by including within the atmosphere at least one source of a halogen selected from the group consisting I and iodine or bromine to combine with the carbon in these areas whereas these temperatures are insufiicient to appreciably decompose the more stable hydrogen halides, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride.
  • a halogen selected from the group consisting I and iodine or bromine
  • the preferred incandescent lamp atmosphere therefore comprises at least one source of: hydrogen, volatilized carbon, a halogen selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and fluorine and a halogen selected from the group consisting of bromine and iodine.
  • the preferred atmosphere may be provided by a number of materials or sources.
  • the necessary elements may be provided by introducing into the atmosphere a combination of materials.
  • the atmosphere may be provided by the use of compounds such as ethylenediamine hydrochloride or methylamine hydrochloride and the like, with bromine or iodine or a compound thereof, e.g., methyl bromide or iodide.
  • the atmosphere may be provided by utilizing materials such as ethylene or another hydrocarbon and a gaseous hydrogen halide, e.g., hydrogen chloride with, for example, bromine or iodine or a compound thereof, e.g., ethyl bromide, or iodide, hydrogen iodide, etc
  • a gaseous hydrogen halide e.g., hydrogen chloride with, for example, bromine or iodine or a compound thereof, e.g., ethyl bromide, or iodide, hydrogen iodide, etc
  • hydrogen halogens e.g., chlorine and iodine.
  • a combination of iodine or bromine or a compound thereof, hydrogen, and poly halogenated organic compounds such as tetrachloroethylene and the like may also be utilized.
  • Mixed polyhalogenated organic compounds such as, for example, dibromochloromethane, trichlorobromomethane, trichloroiodomethane, and the like, and hydrogen, may also be employed. It is obvious that the desired atmosphere thus may be obtained in any number of suitable ways.
  • any combination of materials may be used that will provide, at operating temperatures, an atmosphere of volatilized carbon, hydrogen, at least two halogens, one of which being either bromine or iodine, in the area surrounding the filament.
  • the atmosphere should be substantially free of water or oxygen; specifically, the oxygen content should be less than the order of 50 parts per million.
  • the amount of carbon in the atmosphere should be sufiicient to prevent the carbide filament from decomposing into free metal and carbon. 7
  • Hydrogen and halogens may be used in varying proportions; it is critical only that enough hydrogen be present to prevent the halogens from attacking the bulb components, and that the total amount of hydrogen and halogens be sufficient to combine with carbon atoms in all regions surrounding the filament to reduce or eliminate the deposits of uncombined carbon particularly upon the cooler portions of the filament structure.
  • the atmosphere within the envelope preferably comprises an excess by volume of halogens and hydrogen over vaporized carbon and an excess by volume of hydrogen over halogens.
  • the incandescent lamp may take any desired shape and have any desired size. It may, for example, have an envelope which is either transparent or translucent in whole or in part; and where a portion only of the envelope is light transmitting, the remainder may comprise a parabolic or other suitable reflector with the lamp filament positioned at the focus thereof.
  • a filament comprising a major percentage of tantalum carbide positioned within an atmosphere comprising, at operating temperatures, hydrogen, vaporized carbon and at least two halogens, one of said halogens being selected from the group consisting of iodine and bromine, said atmosphere being substantially free of oxygen.
  • a lamp according to claim 1 wherein the atmosphere comprises an excess by volume of halogens over vaporized carbon and an excess by volume of hydrogen over halogens.
  • a lamp according to claim 1 wherein said halogens comprise chlorine and iodine.
  • a lamp according to claim 1 wherein said halogens comprise chlorine and bromine.
  • a filament comprising a major percentage of tantalum carbide positioned within an atmosphere comprising hydrogen, carbon and at least two halogens, one of said halogens being selected from the group consisting of iodine and bromine.

Landscapes

  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
US14254A 1960-03-11 1960-03-11 Electric lamps Expired - Lifetime US3022439A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL262249D NL262249A (en(2012)) 1960-03-11
US14254A US3022439A (en) 1960-03-11 1960-03-11 Electric lamps
FR853556A FR1280509A (fr) 1960-03-11 1961-02-22 Lampes électriques
BE600661A BE600661A (fr) 1960-03-11 1961-02-27 Lampes électriques
GB7822/61A GB900200A (en) 1960-03-11 1961-03-03 Improvements in and relating to electric incandescent lamps
DEU7863A DE1188201B (de) 1960-03-11 1961-03-10 Gluehlampe

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1425360A 1960-03-11 1960-03-11
US14254A US3022439A (en) 1960-03-11 1960-03-11 Electric lamps

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3022439A true US3022439A (en) 1962-02-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14254A Expired - Lifetime US3022439A (en) 1960-03-11 1960-03-11 Electric lamps

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3022439A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE600661A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE1188201B (en(2012))
FR (1) FR1280509A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB900200A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL262249A (en(2012))

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3237043A (en) * 1961-07-26 1966-02-22 Philips Corp Gas-filled electric incandescent lamp
US3418512A (en) * 1964-07-01 1968-12-24 Philips Corp Regenerative cycle electric incandescent lamp
US3441777A (en) * 1966-06-01 1969-04-29 Gen Telephone & Elect Elements for incandescent devices
US3475649A (en) * 1966-09-20 1969-10-28 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Tungsten incandescent lamps with iodine halides
US3619701A (en) * 1968-12-27 1971-11-09 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Halogen cycle incandescent lamps
US3809942A (en) * 1971-06-21 1974-05-07 Philips Corp Closed reflector provided with incandescent lamp
US3983513A (en) * 1973-10-18 1976-09-28 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Incandescent lamp having a halogen-containing atmosphere and an integral reflector of non-reactive specular metal
DE10334365A1 (de) * 2003-05-27 2005-04-14 Ip2H Ag Lichtquelle und ein Verfahren zur Bereitstellung einer Transportfunktion für ein chemisches Element in einer Lichtquelle
WO2005055274A3 (de) * 2003-12-01 2005-09-09 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Glühlampe mit kohlenstoff-kreisprozess
US20060091800A1 (en) * 2003-05-27 2006-05-04 Ip2H Ag Light source and method for providing a transfer function for a chemical element in a light source
EP2711970A3 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-08-06 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Light source device, method for manufacturing the same and filament
US9252006B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2016-02-02 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Incandescent bulb, filament, and method for manufacturing filament

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1177248B (de) * 1962-08-22 1964-09-03 Patra Patent Treuhand Elektrische Hochdruck-Dampfentladungslampe mit einer farbkorrigierenden Zusatz-Fuellung
US3521110A (en) * 1967-09-25 1970-07-21 Gen Electric Mercury-metallic halide vapor lamp with regenerative cycle
GB1318711A (en) * 1970-08-11 1973-05-31 Thorn Electrical Ind Ltd Production of tungsten halogen lamps
US4078188A (en) 1976-03-30 1978-03-07 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Regenerative-cycle incandescent lamp containing a dual-additive
DE3610922A1 (de) * 1986-03-24 1987-10-01 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Halogengluehlampe
DE3725059A1 (de) * 1987-07-29 1989-02-09 Roehm Gmbh Polymere fliessverbesserer fuer mitteldestillate
DE102008061776A1 (de) * 2008-12-11 2010-06-17 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Halogenglühlampe

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US497038A (en) * 1893-05-09 Electric lamp
US1655488A (en) * 1925-03-18 1928-01-10 Gen Electric Electric incandescent lamp
US2596469A (en) * 1951-02-27 1952-05-13 Polaroid Corp Tantalum carbide filament electric lamp containing hydrogen-volatile hydrocarbon mixture
US2928977A (en) * 1958-12-19 1960-03-15 Gen Electric Incandescent lamp

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE554054A (en(2012)) * 1956-01-16

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US497038A (en) * 1893-05-09 Electric lamp
US1655488A (en) * 1925-03-18 1928-01-10 Gen Electric Electric incandescent lamp
US2596469A (en) * 1951-02-27 1952-05-13 Polaroid Corp Tantalum carbide filament electric lamp containing hydrogen-volatile hydrocarbon mixture
US2928977A (en) * 1958-12-19 1960-03-15 Gen Electric Incandescent lamp

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3237043A (en) * 1961-07-26 1966-02-22 Philips Corp Gas-filled electric incandescent lamp
US3418512A (en) * 1964-07-01 1968-12-24 Philips Corp Regenerative cycle electric incandescent lamp
US3441777A (en) * 1966-06-01 1969-04-29 Gen Telephone & Elect Elements for incandescent devices
US3475649A (en) * 1966-09-20 1969-10-28 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Tungsten incandescent lamps with iodine halides
US3619701A (en) * 1968-12-27 1971-11-09 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Halogen cycle incandescent lamps
US3809942A (en) * 1971-06-21 1974-05-07 Philips Corp Closed reflector provided with incandescent lamp
US3983513A (en) * 1973-10-18 1976-09-28 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Incandescent lamp having a halogen-containing atmosphere and an integral reflector of non-reactive specular metal
US20060091800A1 (en) * 2003-05-27 2006-05-04 Ip2H Ag Light source and method for providing a transfer function for a chemical element in a light source
DE10334365A1 (de) * 2003-05-27 2005-04-14 Ip2H Ag Lichtquelle und ein Verfahren zur Bereitstellung einer Transportfunktion für ein chemisches Element in einer Lichtquelle
WO2005055274A3 (de) * 2003-12-01 2005-09-09 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Glühlampe mit kohlenstoff-kreisprozess
US20060103305A1 (en) * 2003-12-01 2006-05-18 Patent-Truehand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh Incandescent lamp comprising a carbon cycle
JP2007512663A (ja) * 2003-12-01 2007-05-17 パテント−トロイハント−ゲゼルシヤフト　フユール　エレクトリツシエ　グリユーラムペン　ミツト　ベシユレンクテル　ハフツング 炭素−サイクルを有する白熱電球
US7402952B2 (en) 2003-12-01 2008-07-22 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Incandescent lamp with a carbon cycle and a halogen cycle
US9252006B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2016-02-02 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Incandescent bulb, filament, and method for manufacturing filament
EP2711970A3 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-08-06 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Light source device, method for manufacturing the same and filament
US9252007B2 (en) 2012-09-21 2016-02-02 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Light source device, method for manufacturing the same and filament

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE600661A (fr) 1961-06-16
GB900200A (en) 1962-07-04
FR1280509A (fr) 1961-12-29
DE1188201B (de) 1965-03-04
NL262249A (en(2012))

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