US3009882A - Detergent compositions - Google Patents
Detergent compositions Download PDFInfo
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- US3009882A US3009882A US792719A US79271959A US3009882A US 3009882 A US3009882 A US 3009882A US 792719 A US792719 A US 792719A US 79271959 A US79271959 A US 79271959A US 3009882 A US3009882 A US 3009882A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- detergent
- caking
- alkali metal
- carbon atoms
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 61
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 ALKALI METAL SALT Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 16
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 10
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000271 synthetic detergent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHOCUJPBKOZGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacontanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VHOCUJPBKOZGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanobenzohydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C#N TWJNQYPJQDRXPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021360 Myristic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UZUODNWWWUQRIR-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;3-aminonaphthalene-1,5-disulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=CC(N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C21 UZUODNWWWUQRIR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
- C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/0026—Low foaming or foam regulating compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
Definitions
- a detergent composition having a density in the range from about 0.55 to 0.65 gm./ cc. (about 5 ounces per cup) is contemplated. This is in contrast to the more prevalent type of granulated detergent composition in the market, and produced for the most part by spray drying techniques, which normally has a density in the range from about 0.28 to 0.35 gin/cc. (about 2.7 to 3.0 ounces per cup).
- the present invention is based upon the observation that in the detergent compositions of the type disclosed in the aforementioned Schwoeppe application and which are also characterized by a high density, if a polypropoxy ether of n-butanol is substituted for the nonionic constituent of the compositions, an improvement in the caking characteristics of the composition is obtained. Moreover, this improved caking characteristic is obtained without substantial alteration oi the other desirable characteristics of such products, primary among which are the coupling of high cleansing ability with low sudsing power, i.e., generation of only a small volume of suds during use.
- the particular constituent contemplated herein as a substitute for the nonionic detergent ingredient of the Schwoeppe composition is obtained by condensing about 45 mols of propylene oxide with 1 mol of butyl alcohol, the resulting propylene ether of butyl alcohol having a molecular Weight of about 2650, and having a viscosity of about 1905 in Saybolt Universal seconds at F.
- This product is commercially available under the trade name Ucon Fluid DA 1905 and as a matter of convenience will be referred to hereinafter by its trade name.
- Such condensation product although it has no specific hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions in the molecule as do the nonionicsynthetic detergent components of the Schwoeppe compositions, when substituted for the nonionic detergent component in such compositions, unexpectedly functions to synerglstically coact with the saturated high molecular weight acyl-containing component of those compositions to give the suds depressant effect of the nonionic detergent-high molecular weight acylcontaining component combination.
- the Ucon Fluid DA 1905 imparts to the compositions a greater resistance to caking under conditions of temperature and humidity which would normally promote caking in a particulate detergent product.
- the detergent compositions of this invention are characterized by a high density and consist essentially of a.water-soluble alkali metal salt of a sulfuric reaction product having in its molecular structure an alkyl radical having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals, the said salt having pronounced sudsing and detergent power in aqueous solution, at least an equal weight of alkali metal polyphosphate, and as a suds depressant and caking inhibiting ingredient a mixture of (l) at least two compounds having acyl radicals of different carbon atom content and selected from the group consisting of saturated fatty acids having from about 14- to about 3lcarbon atoms and alkali metal soaps thereof, at least 50% of said compounds containing at least 16 carbon atoms, and (2) a water-insoluble compound comprising the reaction product of propylene oxide with butyl alcohol, the said reaction product having a molecular weight of about 2650 and a viscosity
- Product Product A Alkyl benzene 'sulfonate whose alkyl radical was derived from polypropylene and averages about 12 carbon atoms
- Pluronic L-fi l-F-GS Mix 1 Fatty acid 2 Sodium tripolyphosphate.
- Sodium silicate ratio of N 2 0- Sodium s fate Water md miscellaneous 1 Condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol andlhaving molecular weights of approximately 3,000 and 8,000 respec.- tive y.
- the anionic synthetic detergent to which, reference is made is generally referred to as a water-soluble salt of .an organic sulfuric reaction product having in its molec ular structure an alkyl radical having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfoni'c acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals.
- Import-ant examples of the synthetics which form an active part of the composition of the present invention are the sodium or potassium alkyl sulfates, es-
- the preparations were carried outby first preparing a spray-dried granular composition containing substantially all of the ingredients of the respective compositions' ab ove except for the phosphate. 7 These spray-dried granular compositions were thenmechanically mixed with the sodiurn tripolyphosphate in the ratio of 1 part of phosphate to 3 parts of the. spray-dried granular composition by 7 weight. 7
- compositions 'of' the present invention in amounts from about 4 to about 40% by weight ofthecomposition.
- the high molecular weight acyl-containing component (fatty acid mixture orzsojaps thereof) which can be ern-' ployed in the practice of the present invention include mixturesof at least ,3 high molecular weight compounds 7 having acyl radicalsof'difierent carbon atom content, at
- Hyfac 431 for example, is reported to contain 8% myristic, 29% palmitic, 18% stearic, 26% arachidic, 17% behenic, and 2% oleic acids.
- Hydrofol 51 GG is reported to contain 7.5% C14 acid, C16 acid, C18 acid, C20 acid and 14.8% C acid. The unsaturated acid content of this mixture is said to be about 4.3%.
- any related fatty acid mixture having about -15% myristic acid, about 25-35% palmitic acid, about 15-30% arachidic acid, and about -20% behenic acid is of outstanding utility in the practice of the invention.
- the mixture of alkali metal soaps of the fatty acids can be employed as well as the fatty acids or mixtures of fatty acids and soaps.
- the normal alkalinity desirable in the heavy-duty detergent-compositions contemplated herein is suflicient to convert at least a part of the fatty acid to soap, and in washing solutions of the present detergent compositions the fatty acids can exist in whole or in part as the alkali metal soaps.
- acyl containing component can be varied depending upon the particular characteristics desired in the final composition and upon the amount of Ucon Fluid DA 1905 employed. Usuall the presence from about 1 to 10% of the fatty acid mixture or soap, calculated as fatty acid, and based upon the total product will suffice.
- Ucon Fluid DA 1905 is variable depending upon the ultimate characteristics desired in the final product and also upon the amount of fatty acid mixture employed. Usually from about 1 to 10% of Ucon Fluid DA 1905 based upon the total product weight is sufficient.
- Alakaline detergent salts such as alkali metal pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate or other higher polyphosphates, can be used in the compositions of the present invention in amounts from about 30 to 80% by weight of the composition.
- the alkaline salts or builders may be present in equal or much greater amounts, for instance in amount as much as ten times that of the anionic detergent, or even more,
- the upper limit of the salt to detergent ratio not being critical.
- miscellaneous materials including moisture, coloring agents, fluorescent dyes, perfume, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carbonate and other alkaline salts as well as various other materials well known as constituents in detergent compositions can also be present.
- a detergent composition possessing heavy-duty cleansing power in laundering applications and characterized by a high density, depressed sudsing action, and resistance to caking which consists essentially of about 4% to about 40% of a water-soluble alkali metal salt of a sulfuric reaction product having in its molecular structure an alkyl radical having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals, the said salt having pronounced sudsing and detergent ability in aqueous solution, at least an equal weight of alkali metal polyphosphate, and, as a suds depressant and caking inhibitor, about 2% to about 20% of a mixture of (1) about 1% to about 10% of at least two compounds having acyl radicals of different carbon atom content and selected from the group consisting of saturated fatty acids having from about 14 to about 31 carbon atoms and water-soluble alkali metal soaps thereof, at least 50% of said compounds containing at least 16 carbon atoms
- the detergent composition of claim 1 wherein the organic sulfuric reaction product is alkali metal alkyl benzene sulfonate in which the alkyl radical has an average of about 12 carbon atoms.
Description
3,009,882 DETERGENT COMPGSITEGNS Dav d Clarke, Bellevue, Wash and David B. Hester, Cmcmnati, Ohio, assignors to The Procter & Gamble Company, Qincinnati, Ghio, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Filed Feb. 12, 1959, Ser. No. 792,719
4 Claims. (Cl. 252- -116) In certain types of automatic laundering machines currently being marketed and which are structurally identified by a drum which is rotatable about an essentially horizontal axis and which carries internally projecting ribs mounted axially on its cylindrical wall, it has been found that general purpose laundering products characterized by the generation of a high volume of suds in use do not perform satisfactorily. In such drum-type machines which effect cleaning of clothes introduced into the drum by tumbling the clothes with a washing solution, general purpose laundering products including detergent compositions containing anionic synthetic sulfate and sulfonate detergents as the active synthetic detergent ingredient do not give their best cleaning performance because the suds formed at concentrations required for good cleansing tend to cushionthe movement of the clothes and diminish agitation to the point where inefficient cleaning results.
Recognition of this problem has resulted in the development of detergent compositions which are based upon nonionic synthetic detergents since such detergents possess cleansing ability with relatively low suds generation. Such nonionic detergent compositions are not, however, equal in washing performance to the heavy-duty anionic synthetic detergent compositions in the cleansing of heavily soiled cotton fabrics even though used in Wash ing concentrations above those customarily employed with general purpose heavy-duty laundering products.
As a consequence, a demand has arisen for detergent compositions which possess superior heavy-duty cleansing power but which are characterized by the generation of only a small amount of suds in use.
7 Efforts which have recently been made to cope with this specific sudsing and detergeney problem have resulted in the proposal of certain mixtures of nonionic compounds and saturated high molecular weight acyl-containing compounds in combination with anionic non-soap synthetics to depress sudsing of the anionic non-soap synthetic While maintaining an available high level of cleaning power. These recent advances have been made the subject of patent application Serial No. 587,505, filed May 28, 1956 (now US. Patent 2,954,348, granted September 27, 1960), and assigned by E. A. Schwoeppe to the assignee of the present application.
It has been found expedient in the industry, to market synthetic detergent compositions possessing heavy-duty cleaning power in laundering applications which have a high density, i.e. a high weight per unit volume. Such products are within the purview of the above referred to application of E. A. Schwoeppe.
It is an object of the present invention to provide improvements in such products.
it is a further object of this invention to provide heavyduty synthetic detergent compositions of the high denasz , Patented Novnfil, 1961 2 sity type which are essentially anionic, which have adequate heavy-duty cleansing power coupled with markedly depressed sudsing powder, and which also have improved caking characteristics.
Other objects will be readily apparent from the following detailed description.
Wherever herein the term high density is referred to in relation to a detergent composition it is to be understood that a detergent composition having a density in the range from about 0.55 to 0.65 gm./ cc. (about 5 ounces per cup) is contemplated. This is in contrast to the more prevalent type of granulated detergent composition in the market, and produced for the most part by spray drying techniques, which normally has a density in the range from about 0.28 to 0.35 gin/cc. (about 2.7 to 3.0 ounces per cup).
The present invention is based upon the observation that in the detergent compositions of the type disclosed in the aforementioned Schwoeppe application and which are also characterized by a high density, if a polypropoxy ether of n-butanol is substituted for the nonionic constituent of the compositions, an improvement in the caking characteristics of the composition is obtained. Moreover, this improved caking characteristic is obtained without substantial alteration oi the other desirable characteristics of such products, primary among which are the coupling of high cleansing ability with low sudsing power, i.e., generation of only a small volume of suds during use.
The particular constituent contemplated herein as a substitute for the nonionic detergent ingredient of the Schwoeppe composition is obtained by condensing about 45 mols of propylene oxide with 1 mol of butyl alcohol, the resulting propylene ether of butyl alcohol having a molecular Weight of about 2650, and having a viscosity of about 1905 in Saybolt Universal seconds at F. This product is commercially available under the trade name Ucon Fluid DA 1905 and as a matter of convenience will be referred to hereinafter by its trade name.
Such condensation product, although it has no specific hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions in the molecule as do the nonionicsynthetic detergent components of the Schwoeppe compositions, when substituted for the nonionic detergent component in such compositions, unexpectedly functions to synerglstically coact with the saturated high molecular weight acyl-containing component of those compositions to give the suds depressant effect of the nonionic detergent-high molecular weight acylcontaining component combination. In addition, the Ucon Fluid DA 1905 imparts to the compositions a greater resistance to caking under conditions of temperature and humidity which would normally promote caking in a particulate detergent product.
Thus, the detergent compositions of this invention are characterized by a high density and consist essentially of a.water-soluble alkali metal salt of a sulfuric reaction product having in its molecular structure an alkyl radical having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals, the said salt having pronounced sudsing and detergent power in aqueous solution, at least an equal weight of alkali metal polyphosphate, and as a suds depressant and caking inhibiting ingredient a mixture of (l) at least two compounds having acyl radicals of different carbon atom content and selected from the group consisting of saturated fatty acids having from about 14- to about 3lcarbon atoms and alkali metal soaps thereof, at least 50% of said compounds containing at least 16 carbon atoms, and (2) a water-insoluble compound comprising the reaction product of propylene oxide with butyl alcohol, the said reaction product having a molecular weight of about 2650 and a viscosity of about 1 905 Saybolt Universal seconds at 100 (Ucon Fluid DA 3 1905). This Ucon can be employed in the detergent composition in an amount from about 1% to about 10% by weight thereof, the amount in all cases, however, being suflicient to inhibit caking of the compositions.
The ability of the aforesaid Ucon to inhibit caking is' so pronounced that it has been possible to market the 7 high density products, to which this invention is directed, in plain paperboard cartons without concern that the product will cake in the carton if subjected to adverse humidity and temperature conditions. In contrast, if high density products of the type disclosed in the aforementioned application of E. A. Schwoeppe were to reach the consumer in the most desirable and acceptable physical condition, i.e., relatively completely uncaked, it was generally considered that packaging in asphalt impregnated cartons was necessary-the asphalt impregnation giving a degree of Water-impermeability to the carton so that the adverse effect which excessive humidity has upon product caking is minimized. This will be more evident from the following specific example in which all parts are by weight.
The ability of the products of the present invention to maintain a desirable free-flowing state even though packaged in untreated cartons results in a significant economic advantage, the cost of the untreated paperboard cartons being substantially less than that of asphalt-impregnated cartons.
Example] Two detergent products having the following high density compositions were prepared.
Parts by weight Product Product A B Alkyl benzene 'sulfonate whose alkyl radical was derived from polypropylene and averages about 12 carbon atoms Pluronic L-fi l-F-GS Mix 1 Fatty acid 2 Sodium tripolyphosphate. Sodium silicate (ratio of N 2 0- Sodium s fate Water md miscellaneous 1 Condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol andlhaving molecular weights of approximately 3,000 and 8,000 respec.- tive y.
2 A commercial mixture of fatty acids derived from hydrogenated fish oil, bearing the brand name Industrenc 250, having a constitution within the following range:
and a grade of 10 representing a product having the free flowing properties of dry sand. The actual grade given was an arbitrary valuerepresentative of the proportion of the total amount of product in the carton which would pour out under conti'olled and reproducible conditions Pour' grade Month Product A Product B It is evident from the above comparison that the prodhumid storage conditions such as are encountered in Florida. Such products were observed to retain their good caking characteristics for up to 6 months asevidenced by the following data. 7 Months: Pour grade It is to be appreciated that the proceeding specific example is not to be considered limiting of the presentinvention and that wide latitude in the choice and amounts of the various constituents of the compositions of this invention can 'be exercised without loss of the particular I benefits of the invention.
The anionic synthetic detergent to which, reference is made is generally referred to as a water-soluble salt of .an organic sulfuric reaction product having in its molec ular structure an alkyl radical having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfoni'c acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals. Import-ant examples of the synthetics which form an active part of the composition of the present invention are the sodium or potassium alkyl sulfates, es-
pecially those derived by sulfation of higher alcohols produced :by reduction of glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; sodium or potassium alkyl benzene sulfonates, es-
C pereent 0-2 C14" d0 816 010 do 3949 013 a ...(l.O 25-31 C do 7-14 0 and higher do 7 1-9 1 cr( O 505(g IV. maximum 1..
The preparations were carried outby first preparing a spray-dried granular composition containing substantially all of the ingredients of the respective compositions' ab ove except for the phosphate. 7 These spray-dried granular compositions were thenmechanically mixed with the sodiurn tripolyphosphate in the ratio of 1 part of phosphate to 3 parts of the. spray-dried granular composition by 7 weight. 7
The above products werepackaged in cartons which had received no special moistureproofing treatment, i.e.,
pecially those of the type described in U.S. LetterslPatent 2,220,099 and 2,477,383 in which the -alkyl groups contain from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates,- especially] those ethers' having alkylgroups derived from tal-low and coconut oil; sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceiidesulfatesj and sulfonates; sodium salts of sulfuric acidesters 'of the reaction product'of one mole of a higherfatty alcohol (eig. tallow or coconut oil alcohols) and about3 moles of ethylene oxide; and others known in the art, a number being specifically set' forth in the Byerly .U.S. Letters Patent 2,486,921 and Strain U.S. Lettersv Patent 2,486,922.
Such anionic synthetic detergents canbeutilized in ,the'
compositions 'of' the present invention in amounts from about 4 to about 40% by weight ofthecomposition. a
The high molecular weight acyl-containing component (fatty acid mixture orzsojaps thereof) which can be ern-' ployed in the practice of the present invention include mixturesof at least ,3 high molecular weight compounds 7 having acyl radicalsof'difierent carbon atom content, at
least.50%' of the said compounds .having at 1east-l6 carbonatoms. The presence of at least 5% of said Percent Myristic acid -25 Palmitic acid 0-50 Stearic acid 0-50 Arachidic acid 0-40 Behenic acid 0-40 Lignoceric id 0-25 Cerotic acid 0-25 Melissic acid 0-25 Oleie acid 0-30 Linoleic acid 0-10 Fatty acid compositions which find value in the practice of the present invention are commer-ical products known as Triple Pressed Stearic Acid, which is mainly a mixture of palrnitic and stearic acids, Hyfac 431, and Hydrofol 51 G6. Bulletins issued by the manufacturers report that the latter two products, which are particularly effective, are mixtures of fatty acids, derived from hydrogenated marine oils. Hyfac 431, for example, is reported to contain 8% myristic, 29% palmitic, 18% stearic, 26% arachidic, 17% behenic, and 2% oleic acids. Hydrofol 51 GG is reported to contain 7.5% C14 acid, C16 acid, C18 acid, C20 acid and 14.8% C acid. The unsaturated acid content of this mixture is said to be about 4.3%. Generally, any related fatty acid mixture having about -15% myristic acid, about 25-35% palmitic acid, about 15-30% arachidic acid, and about -20% behenic acid is of outstanding utility in the practice of the invention.
As above indicated, the mixture of alkali metal soaps of the fatty acids can be employed as well as the fatty acids or mixtures of fatty acids and soaps. Actually, the normal alkalinity desirable in the heavy-duty detergent-compositions contemplated herein is suflicient to convert at least a part of the fatty acid to soap, and in washing solutions of the present detergent compositions the fatty acids can exist in whole or in part as the alkali metal soaps.
The amount of acyl containing component can be varied depending upon the particular characteristics desired in the final composition and upon the amount of Ucon Fluid DA 1905 employed. Usuall the presence from about 1 to 10% of the fatty acid mixture or soap, calculated as fatty acid, and based upon the total product will suffice.
The amount of Ucon Fluid DA 1905 is variable depending upon the ultimate characteristics desired in the final product and also upon the amount of fatty acid mixture employed. Usually from about 1 to 10% of Ucon Fluid DA 1905 based upon the total product weight is sufficient. Alakaline detergent salts such as alkali metal pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate or other higher polyphosphates, can be used in the compositions of the present invention in amounts from about 30 to 80% by weight of the composition.
In terms of the amount of anionic nonsoap detergent, the alkaline salts or builders may be present in equal or much greater amounts, for instance in amount as much as ten times that of the anionic detergent, or even more,
the upper limit of the salt to detergent ratio not being critical.
Many miscellaneous materials including moisture, coloring agents, fluorescent dyes, perfume, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carbonate and other alkaline salts as well as various other materials well known as constituents in detergent compositions can also be present.
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed 1. A detergent composition possessing heavy-duty cleansing power in laundering applications and characterized by a high density, depressed sudsing action, and resistance to caking which consists essentially of about 4% to about 40% of a water-soluble alkali metal salt of a sulfuric reaction product having in its molecular structure an alkyl radical having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and a radical selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid ester radicals, the said salt having pronounced sudsing and detergent ability in aqueous solution, at least an equal weight of alkali metal polyphosphate, and, as a suds depressant and caking inhibitor, about 2% to about 20% of a mixture of (1) about 1% to about 10% of at least two compounds having acyl radicals of different carbon atom content and selected from the group consisting of saturated fatty acids having from about 14 to about 31 carbon atoms and water-soluble alkali metal soaps thereof, at least 50% of said compounds containing at least 16 carbon atoms, and (2) a water-insoluble compound comprising the reaction product of about 45 mole of propylene oxide with about 1 mol of butyl alcohol, the said reaction product having a molecular weight of about 2650 and a viscosity of about 1905 Saybolt Universal seconds at F. and being present in the detergent composition in an amount from about 1% to about 10% by weight thereof and sufficient to inhibit caking of the composition.
2. The detergent composition of claim 1 in which the acyl containing component corresponds to a mixture of about 0-2% lauric acid, about 816% myristic acid, about 39-49% palmitic acid, about 25-31% stearic acid, about 7-14% arachidic acid and about 1-9% behenic and higher fatty acids.
3. The detergent composition of claim 1 wherein the organic sulfuric reaction product is alkali metal alkyl benzene sulfonate in which the alkyl radical has an average of about 12 carbon atoms.
4. The detergent composition of claim 1 in which the alkali metal polyphosphate is sodium tripolyphosphate.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,480,579 Holuba Aug. 30, 1949 2,560,839 Ayo et al July 17, 1951 2,874,123 Schaafsma et a1 Feb. 17, 1959 2,892,795 Dalton June 30, 1959 FOREIGN PATENTS 802,302 Great Britain Oct. 1, 1958 OTHER REFERENCES Ucon Fluids and Lubricants (1949), pub. of Carbide and Carbon Chem. Corp., pp. 10, 12 and 25.
Ucon Fluids and Lubricants (1956), pub. of Carbide and Car-bon Chem. Corp., p. 24.
Claims (1)
1. A DETERGENT COMPOSITION POSSESSING HEAVY-DUTY CLEANSING POWER IN LAUNDERING APPLICATION AND CHARACTERIZED BY A HIGH DENSITY, DEPRESSED SUDSING ACTION, AND RESISTANCE TO CAKING WHICH CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 4% TO ABOUT 40% OF A WATER-SOLUBLE ALKALI METAL SALT OF A SULFURIC REACTION-PRODUCT HAVING IN ITS MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AN ALKYL RADICAL HAVING FROM 8 TO 18 CARBON ATOMS AND A RADICAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SULFONIC ACID AND SULFURIC ACID ESTER RADICALS, THE SAID SALT HAVING PRONOUNCED SUDSING AND DETERGENT ABILITY IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION, AT LEAST AN EQUAL WEIGHT OF ALKALI METAL POLYPHOSPHATE, AND, AS A SUDS DEPRESSANT AND CAKING INHIBITOR, ABOUT 2% TO ABOUT 20% OF A MIXTURE OF (1) ABOUT 1% TO ABOUT 2% TO ABOUT LEAST TWO COMPOUNDS HAVING ACYL RADICALS OF DIFFERENT CARBON ATOM CONTENT AND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SATURATED FATTY ACIDS HAVING FROM ABOUT 14 TO ABOUT 31 CARBON ATOMS AND WATER-SOLUBLE ALKALI METAL SOAPS THEREOF, AT LEAST 50% OF SAID COMPOUNDS CONTAINING AT LEAST 16 CARBON ATOMS, AND (2) A WATER-INSOLUBLE COMPOUND COMPRISING THE REACTION PRODUCT OF ABOUT 45 MOLS OF PROPYLENE OXIDE WITH ABOUT 1 MOL OF BUTYL ALCOHOL, THE SAID REACTION PRODUCT HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF ABOUT 2650 AND A VISCOSITY OF ABOUT 1905 SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL SECONDS AT 100*F. AND BEING PERSENT IN THE DETERGENT COMPOSITION IN AN AMOUNT FROM ABOUT 1% TO ABOUT 10% BY WEIGHT THEREOF AND SUFFICIENT TO INHIBIT CAKING OF THE COMPOSITION.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US792719A US3009882A (en) | 1959-02-12 | 1959-02-12 | Detergent compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US792719A US3009882A (en) | 1959-02-12 | 1959-02-12 | Detergent compositions |
GB3778361A GB940127A (en) | 1961-10-20 | 1961-10-20 | Detergent compositions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3009882A true US3009882A (en) | 1961-11-21 |
Family
ID=26263573
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US792719A Expired - Lifetime US3009882A (en) | 1959-02-12 | 1959-02-12 | Detergent compositions |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3879478A (en) * | 1972-02-23 | 1975-04-22 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Non-caking composition of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol |
US3959165A (en) * | 1972-09-15 | 1976-05-25 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Biodegradable, non-polluting, heavy duty synthetic organic detergent composition |
US3960780A (en) * | 1974-10-31 | 1976-06-01 | Kao Soap Co., Ltd. | Non-caking alkyl ether sulfate-containing detergent composition |
US3998762A (en) * | 1974-11-20 | 1976-12-21 | Kao Soap Co., Ltd. | Granular or powdery detergent composition |
US4017409A (en) * | 1975-01-02 | 1977-04-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid household cleaner |
US4028283A (en) * | 1975-09-30 | 1977-06-07 | Kao Soap Co., Ltd. | Granular or powdery detergent composition |
US4029608A (en) * | 1975-09-30 | 1977-06-14 | Kao Soap Co., Ltd. | Granular or powdery detergent composition |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2480579A (en) * | 1943-10-21 | 1949-08-30 | Colgate Palmolive Peet Co | Detergent products and their preparation |
US2560839A (en) * | 1947-07-24 | 1951-07-17 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Detergent composition |
GB802302A (en) * | 1955-10-27 | 1958-10-01 | Hedley Thomas & Co Ltd | Detergent compositions |
US2874123A (en) * | 1954-09-07 | 1959-02-17 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Process for the preparation of granular compositions |
US2892795A (en) * | 1953-12-29 | 1959-06-30 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Paste scouring cleanser |
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1959
- 1959-02-12 US US792719A patent/US3009882A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2480579A (en) * | 1943-10-21 | 1949-08-30 | Colgate Palmolive Peet Co | Detergent products and their preparation |
US2560839A (en) * | 1947-07-24 | 1951-07-17 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Detergent composition |
US2892795A (en) * | 1953-12-29 | 1959-06-30 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Paste scouring cleanser |
US2874123A (en) * | 1954-09-07 | 1959-02-17 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Process for the preparation of granular compositions |
GB802302A (en) * | 1955-10-27 | 1958-10-01 | Hedley Thomas & Co Ltd | Detergent compositions |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3879478A (en) * | 1972-02-23 | 1975-04-22 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Non-caking composition of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol |
US3959165A (en) * | 1972-09-15 | 1976-05-25 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Biodegradable, non-polluting, heavy duty synthetic organic detergent composition |
US3960780A (en) * | 1974-10-31 | 1976-06-01 | Kao Soap Co., Ltd. | Non-caking alkyl ether sulfate-containing detergent composition |
US3998762A (en) * | 1974-11-20 | 1976-12-21 | Kao Soap Co., Ltd. | Granular or powdery detergent composition |
US4017409A (en) * | 1975-01-02 | 1977-04-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Liquid household cleaner |
US4028283A (en) * | 1975-09-30 | 1977-06-07 | Kao Soap Co., Ltd. | Granular or powdery detergent composition |
US4029608A (en) * | 1975-09-30 | 1977-06-14 | Kao Soap Co., Ltd. | Granular or powdery detergent composition |
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