US3009600A - Thermal insulation - Google Patents

Thermal insulation Download PDF

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Publication number
US3009600A
US3009600A US4298A US429860A US3009600A US 3009600 A US3009600 A US 3009600A US 4298 A US4298 A US 4298A US 429860 A US429860 A US 429860A US 3009600 A US3009600 A US 3009600A
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Prior art keywords
insulation
heat
shields
insulating
radiation
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Expired - Lifetime
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US4298A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ladislas C Matsch
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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Publication date
Priority to NL260469D priority Critical patent/NL260469A/xx
Application filed by Union Carbide Corp filed Critical Union Carbide Corp
Priority to US4298A priority patent/US3009600A/en
Priority to FR850498A priority patent/FR79064E/fr
Priority to GB2530/61A priority patent/GB925417A/en
Priority to BE599428A priority patent/BE599428R/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3009600A publication Critical patent/US3009600A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J41/00—Thermally-insulated vessels, e.g. flasks, jugs, jars
    • A47J41/02—Vacuum-jacket vessels, e.g. vacuum bottles
    • A47J41/022—Constructional details of the elements forming vacuum space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved insulation having a high resistance to all modes of heat transfer and particularly concerns a low temperature, heat insulating material adapted to improve a Vacuum insulating system.
  • the basic systems for insulating the conventional double-walled container for the conveyance and storage of low boiling liqueed gases are: for small containers, -the Dewar type high vacuum-polished metal surfaces system, and for large containers, the powder-in-vacuum insulation system, which uses an insulating powder in the vacuum space between the walls.
  • This system is described in detail in U.S. Patent 2,396,459.
  • powder-invacuum heat insulation is highly effective in reducing thermal heat loss in many systems, it is not as effective as straight vacuum-polished metal surface for containers up to two feet in diameter.
  • Patent 2,396,459 the vacuum being on the order of 0.1 micron of mercury absolute, a thermal conductivity of 9.2)(10-4 B.t.u./(ihr.), (ft), ("F.) may be achieved.
  • p In order to more fully appreciate the signiiicance of such a thermal conductivity, the insulating effects of the following insulation thicknesses are set forth.
  • An insulation thickness of 1.66 inchesof a powder-in-vacuum insulation will permit an evaporation loss of 7.1% per day.
  • Such an insulation thickness results in an insulation cross sectional area equal to the useful cross sectional area of the inner storage vessel. In other words, beyond the thickness of 1.66V inches, the bulk of the insulation which must be stored and/or transported becomes greater than ,the bulk of the contained stored material.
  • the absolute pressure within the insulating space must be maintained at a value l0 to 100 times lower than when a powder-invacuum insulating system is used.
  • the vacuum should be less than 0.01 micron of mercury absolute pressure and preferably should be on the order of 0.001 micron mercury. This may be obtainable in special laboratory equipment, but it is an impractical specification for fabricated metal Vessels intended for industrial service.
  • a llower quality reiiective surface may be tolerated by interposing several concentric reflective shields Within the insulation space as described in U.S. Patent 2,643,022.
  • one of the limiting difficulties involved in such an arrangement is in assembling and supporting many reective shields within a reasonable insulation thickness so that each shield is properly spaced from adjacent shields at all points.
  • Proper spacing is an absolute necessity, for if two adjacent shields are permitted to contact in even a minute area, the insulating effect of one shield will be essentially eliminated.
  • the number of shields required depends on their surface reflectivity.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide in a low heat conductive material wherein radiation is the predominant remaining mode of heat transfer, a multiplicity of parallel radiant heat barriers interposed in said low conductive material for substantially reducing the passage of radiant heat therethrough.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide in a low heat conductive insulation, a series of spaced, heat reecting barriers so constructed and arranged as to irnpede the passage of radiant heat through said insulation without noticeably increasing the solid conductance thereof.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide in a restricted gas-evacuated insulating space, a plurality of radiation barriers, said barriers being disposed in spaced relation to each other, and maintained in such spaced position by a low heat conductive spacing material.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide in a vacuum-solid insulating space, a multiplicity of radiation barriers comprising spaced and parallel foils of heat reective material for reducing the transfer of heat by radiation, and a spacing material between said radiation barriers, comprising a low-conductive, heat insulating material for reducing the transfer of heat by conduction between said barriers.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a vacuum, multi-layer composite insulation system which is superior to heretofore proposed vacuum insulating systems in impeding heat transfer without requiring the extremely high vacuums associated with straight vacuum systems.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of fabricating and applying a heat insulation for cylindrical containers wherein the heat insulation comprises a low-conductive, heat insulation material for reducing the transfer of heat by conduction, and incorporates therein a multiplicity of (radiant heat) barriers for reducing the transfer of heat by radiation.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide in an enclosed volume defining a gas evacuated insulating space a 4novel insulating structure adapted to fill the insulating space and effect contact with the wall surfaces defining the insulating space, said insulating space being characterized by the absence of gross voids, and having a low rate of heat transfer by conduction and radiation.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of a double-Walled liquid gas container embodying the principles of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the composite insulating material of the invention shown in a flattened position with parts broken away to expose underlying layers;
  • FIG. 3 is a greatly enlarged detail sectional view showing the irregular path of heat transfer through the composite insulating material of the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a section-al view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 1 illustrating the spiral wrapping of insulating material of the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 4, but showing a concentric layered modification thereof.
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary elevational view, in section, of a modified double-walled liquid gas container embodying the principles of the invention.
  • a vacuum insulated space is provided with a low heat conductive material having incorporated therein a multiplicity of radiation barriers disposed substantially transversely to the direction of heat ow in spaced relation to each other.
  • the radiation barriers or shields of the invention may comprise one or more sheets of a material possessing high reflecting characteristics when exposed to infra-red radiation, such as aluminum or -tin foil.
  • the low conductive material also acts as a supporting and spacing material for retaining the radiation barrier sheets in uniformly spaced relation to each other independently of the thickness and stiffness of the barriers. In this manner, it is possible for a large number of thin foils to be supportably mounted and maintained in position in an insulation space of limited thickness.
  • a clearance of a few thousandths of an inch between foils is enough to effectively interrupt and reect the radiant heat. In this way, it is possible to provide a large number of shields in a very limited space, ranging up to several hundred shields per inch of composite insulation thickness.
  • FIG. 1 Shown in FIG. 1 is a double-walled heat insulating container having parallel inner vessel and outer casing walls 10a and 10b and an evacuated insulating space 11 therebetween.
  • a composite insulation material 12 embodying the principles of the invention, and comprising essentially a low heat conductive material 13 having incorporated therein multiple reflective shields or radiation barriers 14 in contiguous relation for diminishing the transfer of heat by radiation across the insulating space 11.
  • the insulation appears as a series of spaced reflectors 14 disposed substantially transversely to direction of heat ow and supportably carried by the low conductive insulating material.
  • the radiation shield material 14 to be used in the insulation material 12 of the invention may comprise either a metal or lmetal coated material, such as aluminum coated plastic lm, or other radiation reective material.
  • Radiation reflective materials comprising thin metallic foils are admirably suited in the practice of the present invention.
  • the foils should have sufficient thickness to resist tearing or other damage during installation. Forv high-quality insulations, the foil should be as thin as practical consistent with strength requirements. Thinness is benecial because it facilitates folding and forming the insulation to t the contour of the insulation space. lt also minimizes the weight of the container.
  • a preferred reective shield is Mt mil (0.00025 in. or 0.0062 mm. thick) plain, annealed aluminum foil without lacquer or other coating. Also, any film of oil resulting from the rolling operation should be removed as by washing.
  • ⁇ Other radiation reflective materials which are susceptible of use in the practice of the invention are tin, silver, gold, copper, cadmium or other metals.
  • the omissivity of the reective shield material should be between about 0.005 and 0.2, and preferably between 0.015 and 0.06.
  • Emissivities of 0.015 to 0.06 (98.5% to 94.2% reflectivity) are obtainable with aluminum and are preferred in the practice of this invention, While with more expensive materials such as polished silver, copper or gold, emissivities as low as .005 may be obtained.
  • the above ranges represent an optimum balance between the high performance and high cost of low omissivity materials.
  • the physical properties of the paper materials must be closely controlled to obtain the highly efficient composite insulating material of the present invention.
  • the bers must be extremely ne and must be so matted together as to provide a reasonably strong sheet without reliance upon bonding materials. Bonding agents cannot be tolerated in the insulation of the present invention because of the resulting excessive solid conduction. Resin bonding is frequently employed in the manufacture of fibrous materials, and while such procedure might be used as an intermediate step in producing effective heat insulating papers, the resins must subsequently be removed completely by such means as heat or a solvent.
  • Fibers having diameters in the range of 0.2 to 0.5 microns such as those commercially designed as 104 or AAAA ber, and bers designated as 106 or AAA ber having diameters in the range of 0.5 to 0.75 microns are normally available as papers, and are suitable for practicing this invention.
  • a characteristic of the paper materials of this invention is that they are composed of relatively short bers. While the bers composing fluffy webs may be on the order of 11/2 inches long, those of the preferred paper materials are less than about 1A. inch in length. These bers are deposited in amount suicient to produce sheets weighing no more than 8 gms. per sq. ft. and preferably less than 3 gms. per sq. ft.
  • It is believed that the ability of the present glass papers to remain permanently compacted even a-fter the removal of the compressive load applied during manufacture is at least partly due to the relatively small diameter and short length of the bers. contrast to the larger and longer bers employed in the webs, which bers are more spring-like andv produce a resilient mass.
  • the papers may be made very thin, for example, on the, order of 2 mils thick, and still provide ample point con-v tact resistances for low solid conductance This is in.
  • Hg Hg are required in straight vacuum systems or in coarse particle fillers where the dimensions across the void spaces are relatively long. In such systems, a slight increase in absolute pressure not only increases the number of molecules present but also reduces the mean-free-path so that the voids no longer restrict molecular motion. The gas then attains its maximum heat carrying capacity, and the ⁇ full elfect of the short circuit by gaseous conduction develops rapidly. In commercial vessels constructed of metal and subject to rough treatment, it is usually impractical to maintain extremely low absolute pressures such as 106 mm. Hg in the insulation at all times, A paper material composed of very fine fibers between the shields relaxes the vacuum requirement for the insulation and results in a dependable high-quality insulation system. Accordingly, yfor the aforementioned reasons it has been found that ber diameters below microns provide far superior quality insulation than tibers with larger diameters and are required to practice this invention.
  • a common characteristic of low conductive, particulate insulating materials including papers and webs is that they are compression-sensitive, which means that varying the compression on the insulation will change the thermal conductivity. Fine fibrous insulations with rehective shields are particularly sensitive to compression. Slight compression increases the number of reflective shields per unit thickness and thus tends to reduce the overall heat transmission by decreasing radiation. However, continued increase in compression compacts more and more solid heat conductive material in a xed volume and the ad: verse effect of increased solid conduction soon overrides the decrease in radiation to nroduoo a not rise in heat transmission.
  • Fiber materials in either paper or web form exhibit the above described compressionsensitivity, but when conn ⁇ bined with reflective shields it has been unexpectedly discovered that the overall thermal conductivity is strik.- ingly different for the two types of materials.
  • a uffy web if compressed suiciently'to provide a large number of shields per inch, will result in 'an insulation of mediocre quality, while a paper otherwise identical to the web and installed with the same number of shields per inch will require much less compresion and accordingly pro- ⁇ vide Aan excellent insulation,
  • the number of shields per inch in the paperftype insulation will be much larger than inthe web-'type insulation, and radiative heat transfer through the former will be relatively small.
  • k1 therrnal conductivity of the solid, base material of which the bers are composed, B.t.u./ (hr.) (ft.)( F.)
  • Heat transmission by radiation may be expressed by the following equation:
  • While-glass and especially borosilicate glass is the preferred ber material, other silicaceous materials including ceramics and quartz are also suitable.
  • the material should preferably be selected for low values of k1 and for high values of hardness and modulus of elasticity E.
  • the multiple shield insulation of the invention maybe mounted in the insulation space in any one of a variety of ways.
  • the insulation 12 may be mounted concentrically with respect to the inner container 10a, or it may be, as in FIG. 4, spirally wrapped around the inner vessel with one end of the insulation wrapping in contact with the inner vessel 10a, and the other end nearest the outer casing 10b or 11 in actual contact therewith, the latter form of mounting being preferred and illustrated herein.
  • the metal foil may be loosely spirally wrapped around the inner vessel a, the tightness and number of turns being selected preferably to obtain best performance as discussed above.
  • the composite insulation material 12 of the invention may be employed in the cylindrical portion 11a of the insulation space 11, and the end portions 11b of the insulation space, including the flat bottom portion and the upper spherical portion, provided with a supplemental low heat conductive material 16.
  • the supplemental low heat conductive materials which may be used in the terminal sections 11b may comprise a finely divided powder of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 2,396,459, or a thermal insulation such as disclosed in the co-pending application to LC. Matsch et al., Serial No. 580,897, filed April 26, 1956, or any other suitably low conductive material.
  • the supplemental insulation 16 provides the means for producing low thermal heat transfers in containers of a wide variety of shapes.
  • the cooperative relationship between the supplemental insulation 16 and the composite insulation 12 meets the requirements of the most critical present day insulation standards, and has extended the usefulness and capabilities of the present invention.
  • a very significant advantage of the present invention arises from the elastic properties of the insulation, particularly when a fibrous insulation is employed in the annular insulating space of a double walled container.
  • the ability of the insulation to give and resist movement of the inner container, and to restore or expand itself when the forces exerted upon it are relaxed, enables it to operate along the lines of a shock mount.
  • Obvious advantages to using the insulation as an elastic support are that the inner vessel is maintained in substantially centered position, and the need for lateral braces or other centering devices is obviated, thus further reducing the heat leak into the container. It is to be understood, however, that the present invention does not provide support for the weight of the inner vessel, nor support for the walls of' the vacuum space against external loads and, hence, is external load-free and that specific means for such support must be provided.
  • the present invention provides in a solid-in-vacuum type insulation, a permanently precompacted low heat conductive material having incorporated therein multiple radiation shields for impeding radiative heat transmission through the insulation, while minimizing the flow of heat by conductionV therethrough.
  • the low conductive material uniformly supports and maintains the radiation shields in spaced relation.
  • a low conductive material which is admirably suited for use in the practice of the invention is one having a fibrous structure oriented in a direction perpendicular to the direction of heat flow.
  • the low conductive insulating material provides'a very small, solid conduction heat path between radiation foils, and is remarkably efficient in minimizing the transmission of heat leak by conduction.
  • Insulating systems of the invention using a low conductive, permanently precompacted paper-type insulating material,
  • a composite multi-layered, external load-free insulation in said space comprising low conductive fibrous sheet material layers composed of fibers for reducing heat transfer by gaseous conduction and thin, flexible radiant heat reflecting shields, said radiant heat reflecting shields being supportably carried in superposed relation by said fibrous sheet layers to provide a large number of radiant heat reflecting shields in a limited space for reducing the transmission of radiant heat across said space without perceptively increasing the heat transmission by solid conduction thereacross, each radiant heat reflecting shield being disposed in contiguous relation on opposite sides with a layer of the fibrous sheet material, the fibers of said fibrous sheet material being oriented substantially parallel to the heat reflecting shields and substantially perpendicular to the direction of heat inleak across the insulating space, said fibrous sheet material being a permanently precompacted paper composed of unbonded fibers having diameters less than 5 microns and a length of less than about 0.5 inch, said radiant heat reflecting shields having a thickness less than about 0.2
  • a composite multi-layered external load-free insulation in said space comprising low conductive fibrous sheet material layers composed of fibers for reducing heat transfer by gaseous conduction and thin, flexible radiant heat reflecting shields, said radiant heat reflecting shields being supportably carried in superposed relation by said fibrous sheet layers to provide a large number of radiant heat reflecting shields in a limited space for reducing the transmission of radiant heat across said space without perceptively increasing the heat transmission by solid conduction thereacross, each radiant heat reflecting shield disposed in contiguous relation on opposite sides with a layer of the fibrous sheet material, the fibers of said fibrous sheet material being oriented substantially parallel to the heat reflecting shields and substantially perpendicular to the direction of heat inleak across the insulating space, said fibrous sheet material being a permanently precompacted paper composed of unbonded fibers having diameters less than about 5 microns and a length of less than about 0.5 inch so as to provide low gaseous conductance, the absolute pressure in said insulating space being

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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US4298A 1960-01-25 1960-01-25 Thermal insulation Expired - Lifetime US3009600A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL260469D NL260469A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1960-01-25
US4298A US3009600A (en) 1960-01-25 1960-01-25 Thermal insulation
FR850498A FR79064E (fr) 1960-01-25 1961-01-23 Isolant thermique
GB2530/61A GB925417A (en) 1960-01-25 1961-01-23 Thermal insulation
BE599428A BE599428R (fr) 1960-01-25 1961-01-24 Isolant thermique

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BE (1) BE599428R (enrdf_load_html_response)
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Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3139206A (en) * 1961-11-20 1964-06-30 Union Carbide Corp Thermal insulation
US3149742A (en) * 1963-03-27 1964-09-22 Nat Res Corp Vacuum device
US3199715A (en) * 1962-07-20 1965-08-10 Union Carbide Corp Insulation construction
US3224622A (en) * 1963-02-01 1965-12-21 Union Carbide Corp Stabilized insulated containers
US3231125A (en) * 1962-08-30 1966-01-25 Aerojet General Co Insulating material for vacuum insulating system
US3265236A (en) * 1962-05-10 1966-08-09 Union Carbide Corp Thermal insulation
US3327884A (en) * 1964-02-07 1967-06-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp High pressure and high temperature vessels
US3341052A (en) * 1963-09-12 1967-09-12 Union Carbide Corp Double-walled container
US3367530A (en) * 1963-08-29 1968-02-06 Union Carbide Corp Thermal insulating structure
US3390703A (en) * 1966-09-30 1968-07-02 Ryan Ind Inc Multilayer insulating means
US3441164A (en) * 1966-08-24 1969-04-29 Union Carbide Corp Cryogenic storage tanks
US3595275A (en) * 1968-07-24 1971-07-27 Vacuum Barrier Corp Spacer means for cryogenic coaxial tubing
US3655086A (en) * 1970-10-09 1972-04-11 Cryotan Inc Receptacles for the storage of liquefied gases at cryogenic temperatures
US3695483A (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-10-03 Louis A Pogorski Thermal insulation and thermally insulated device
US3715265A (en) * 1969-09-03 1973-02-06 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Composite thermal insulation
US3866785A (en) * 1972-12-11 1975-02-18 Beatrice Foods Co Liquefied gas container
US4055268A (en) * 1975-11-18 1977-10-25 Union Carbide Corporation Cryogenic storage container
US4104783A (en) * 1976-11-12 1978-08-08 Process Engineering, Inc. Method of thermally insulating a cryogenic storage tank
US4154363A (en) * 1975-11-18 1979-05-15 Union Carbide Corporation Cryogenic storage container and manufacture
US4320856A (en) * 1980-02-19 1982-03-23 Aladdin Industries, Incorporated Spherical vacuum insulated container
US4373643A (en) * 1981-04-03 1983-02-15 Kts, Kunstoff-Technische Spezialfertigungen Anni Przytarski Transport container
US4409770A (en) * 1980-02-06 1983-10-18 Genbee Kawaguchi Vacuum insulation spacer
US4692363A (en) * 1982-09-27 1987-09-08 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag Thermal insulation
US4777086A (en) * 1987-10-26 1988-10-11 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Low density insulation product
US4925134A (en) * 1987-12-09 1990-05-15 Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung High temperature heat shield system
WO2000074749A1 (en) 1999-06-08 2000-12-14 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Intravascular systems for corporeal cooling
WO2001042338A3 (en) * 1999-12-10 2002-01-24 Graftech Inc Thermal insulating device
US6387462B1 (en) * 1999-12-10 2002-05-14 Ucar Graph-Tech Inc. Thermal insulating device for high temperature reactors and furnaces which utilize highly active chemical gases
US6413601B1 (en) 1998-10-23 2002-07-02 Graftech Inc. Thermal insulating device
US20040226956A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2004-11-18 Jeff Brooks Cryogenic freezer
US20050123732A1 (en) * 2002-12-27 2005-06-09 Venture Tape Corp. Facing for insulation and other applications
US20060054235A1 (en) * 2002-12-27 2006-03-16 Cohen Lewis S Facing having increased stiffness for insulation and other applications
WO2007078463A1 (en) 2005-12-22 2007-07-12 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Systems and methods for intravascular cooling
US20110111198A1 (en) * 2008-02-28 2011-05-12 Saint-Gobain Isover Product based on mineral fibers and process for obtaining it
US20140315011A1 (en) * 2011-11-24 2014-10-23 Lg Hausys, Ltd. Vacuum insulation material for blocking radiant heat
US20220205580A1 (en) * 2019-06-24 2022-06-30 Klaus-Dieter Nies High-temperature insulation for thermally insulating pipes
US20230132472A1 (en) * 2021-10-29 2023-05-04 Indian Oil Corporation Limited System and method for efficient heat storage and retention

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB143219A (en) * 1916-11-08 1920-12-09 Petits Fils Francois Wendel Improvements in transport and storage vessels for liquid air or liquid gas
GB683855A (en) * 1949-12-30 1952-12-03 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to insulating structures
GB715174A (en) * 1951-07-14 1954-09-08 Gen Electric Improvements in and relating to thermal insulation
US2776776A (en) * 1952-07-11 1957-01-08 Gen Electric Liquefied gas container

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB143219A (en) * 1916-11-08 1920-12-09 Petits Fils Francois Wendel Improvements in transport and storage vessels for liquid air or liquid gas
GB683855A (en) * 1949-12-30 1952-12-03 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to insulating structures
GB715174A (en) * 1951-07-14 1954-09-08 Gen Electric Improvements in and relating to thermal insulation
US2776776A (en) * 1952-07-11 1957-01-08 Gen Electric Liquefied gas container

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3139206A (en) * 1961-11-20 1964-06-30 Union Carbide Corp Thermal insulation
US3265236A (en) * 1962-05-10 1966-08-09 Union Carbide Corp Thermal insulation
US3199715A (en) * 1962-07-20 1965-08-10 Union Carbide Corp Insulation construction
US3231125A (en) * 1962-08-30 1966-01-25 Aerojet General Co Insulating material for vacuum insulating system
US3224622A (en) * 1963-02-01 1965-12-21 Union Carbide Corp Stabilized insulated containers
US3149742A (en) * 1963-03-27 1964-09-22 Nat Res Corp Vacuum device
US3367530A (en) * 1963-08-29 1968-02-06 Union Carbide Corp Thermal insulating structure
US3341052A (en) * 1963-09-12 1967-09-12 Union Carbide Corp Double-walled container
US3327884A (en) * 1964-02-07 1967-06-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp High pressure and high temperature vessels
US3441164A (en) * 1966-08-24 1969-04-29 Union Carbide Corp Cryogenic storage tanks
US3390703A (en) * 1966-09-30 1968-07-02 Ryan Ind Inc Multilayer insulating means
US3595275A (en) * 1968-07-24 1971-07-27 Vacuum Barrier Corp Spacer means for cryogenic coaxial tubing
US3715265A (en) * 1969-09-03 1973-02-06 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Composite thermal insulation
US3655086A (en) * 1970-10-09 1972-04-11 Cryotan Inc Receptacles for the storage of liquefied gases at cryogenic temperatures
US3695483A (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-10-03 Louis A Pogorski Thermal insulation and thermally insulated device
US3866785A (en) * 1972-12-11 1975-02-18 Beatrice Foods Co Liquefied gas container
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