US3001851A - Production of artificial filaments, yarns, threads and the like - Google Patents

Production of artificial filaments, yarns, threads and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3001851A
US3001851A US744982A US74498258A US3001851A US 3001851 A US3001851 A US 3001851A US 744982 A US744982 A US 744982A US 74498258 A US74498258 A US 74498258A US 3001851 A US3001851 A US 3001851A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
stretching
percent
rollers
viscose
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US744982A
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English (en)
Inventor
John H Givens
Harry R Hardy
David N Tyler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akzo Nobel UK PLC
Original Assignee
Courtaulds PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Courtaulds PLC filed Critical Courtaulds PLC
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/228—Stretching in two or more steps, with or without intermediate steps
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
    • D01D5/16—Stretch-spinning methods using rollers, or like mechanical devices, e.g. snubbing pins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
    • D01F2/08—Composition of the spinning solution or the bath
    • D01F2/10—Addition to the spinning solution or spinning bath of substances which exert their effect equally well in either
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/017—Filament stretching apparatus

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the production of regenerated cellulose filaments and the like from viscose and particularly to the production of such filaments having a high tenacity and which can be twisted into high strength viscose rayon cords.
  • the tenacity of regenerated cellulose filaments can be increased by subjecting them immediately after spinning to stretching in a hot dilute acid bath as described in British patent specification No. 467,500.
  • the addition to the viscose of certain compounds enables filaments to be produced having a thick skin and in some instances a noncrenulated surface with a bean shaped cross-section.
  • the compounds capable of thus modifying the physical characteristics of the filaments will be referred to in this specification as modifiers.
  • the compounds which have been proposed for use as modifiers are quaternary ammonium compounds, amines, dithiocarbonates, aryl thioureas, thioglycol, polyethylene oxide and certain of its derivatives such as the condensation products of an amine and ethylene oxide.
  • Such modified filaments have a high wet tenacity and are capable of forming a cord of good tensile properties.
  • the skin and core can be shown and the skin and core differentiated by a staining technique as described for example in the Textile Research Journal, 1945, page 443.
  • Each stretching step increases the length of the filaments by from 4 percent to 20 percent, preferably 5 percent to 10 percent and the further stretching of filaments which have already been stretched 50 percent in a series of steps is preferably accomplished when the filaments are wetted with a hot liquid.
  • This invention using a series of stretching steps as opposed to a single stretching step allows a greater overall stretch to be imparted to the filaments with the consequent improvement in the tensile properties of the filaments.
  • polyethylene oxide When polyethylene oxide is used as the modifier, preferably from 0.5 to 10 percent by weight of thepolyethylene oxide based on the weight of cellulose and having an average molecular weight of between 300 and 10,000 is added to the viscose which is extruded at salt point between 5 and 18 into a bath in which the percentage sulphuric acid is preferably between 0.8 and 1.5 times the percentage of the caustic sodain the viscose and which contains 3 to 20 percent zinc sulphate.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a preferred form of apparatus embodying the invention using rollers rotating at the same angular speed.
  • FIG. 1A is a simplified view of the rollers and yarn of FIG. 1.
  • FIG 1A omits the showing of some of the lengths of yarn in order to avoid confusion.
  • FIG. 1A is a mirror image of FIG. 1, i.e. it is the image which would appear in a mirror set in a plane parallel to the plane determined by the top surfaces of the rollers 1 and 2 as they appear in FIG. 1 and facing in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a form of apparatus in which the rollers rotate at different angular speeds.
  • FIG. 2A is a mirror image view, similar to FIG. 1A, of the rollers of FIG. 2 as they would appear in a mirror facing in the direction of the arrow B in FIG. 2A.
  • stepped rollers 1 and 2 are mounted on spindles 3 and 4 on which are secured identical gear wheels 5 and 6 individually meshed with gear wheel 7 on a driving spindle 8 of a motor 9, so that each roller may be driven in a counter-clockwise direction at the same angular velocity.
  • Stepped roller 1 is composed of peripherally grooved discs A, C, E, G, I, of gradually increasing effective diameters and roller 2 similarly comprises a graduated series of grooved discs B, D, F, H, I.
  • the effective diameter of the groove of each disc is:
  • A 2.475 inches; C, 2.673 inches; E, 2.871 inches; G, 3.069 inches; I, 3.267 inches.
  • the rollers may have more discs to enable a greater stretch to be imparted to filaments, or two or'more pairs of rollers may be used for the same purpose.
  • the filaments 10 are wound around the rotating rollers .1 and 2 to follow the path A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, I such that the filaments are in contact with approximately one half of the length of the peripheral groove of any disc.
  • the filaments arethen stretched by 9.1 percent between the discs A and B, contracted by 1 percent between the discs B and C and stretched by 8.5 percent between the discs 0 and D and so on, the filaments being alternately stretched and contracted throughout their residence period on the rollers.
  • the overall percentage stretch imparted to the filaments may be calculated from the equation:
  • Identical stepped rollers 11 and 12 move at diiferent angular speeds, roller 11 being slightly slower than roller 12 so that the peripheral speeds of discs P, R, T, V, X are less than those of their complementary discs Q, S, U, W, Y,. Filaments wound on the rollers to follow the path P, Q, R, S, T, U,
  • the first part of the stretching was carried out on the rollers in air; the next part on a part of the rollers on which hot water at 50 to 70 C. was sprayed.
  • the final stretch was in one stage in an open hot 3 percent acid bath between the rollers and a further reel or godet. After washing and drying the filaments were twisted into a yarn having an S twist of twelve turns per inch, and two such yarns were doubled with a Z twist of twelve turns per inch to form a cord.
  • the invention has made it possible to stretch viscose filaments by amounts up to percent of their original length and in so doing the all-round tensile properties of the filaments have been improved.
  • a method for making high tenacity rayon filaments which comprises extruding viscose containing at least 0.5% of a modifier which is capable of producing filaments having a thick skin, from said viscose, into an aqueous acid coagulating bath to form filaments, and immediately stretching the filaments, while they are still wet, in a series of at least five stretching steps, the filaments being stretched from 4% to 20% in each stretching step, there being a relaxing step between each of said stretching steps in which the filaments are permitted to contract by an amount not exceeding 4%, the total stretch imparted to said filaments over said series of stretching and relaxing steps being greater than the stretch imparted by the first of said stretching steps.
  • a process as claimed in claim 1 comprising adding to viscose from 0.5 to 10 percent by weight based on the weight of the cellulose of a polyethylene oxide having an average molecular weight between 300 and 10,000 and extruding the viscose at a salt point between 5 and 18 into an aqueous acid coagulating bath containing sulphuric acid and a percentage equal to from 0.8 to 1.5 times the percentage of caustic soda in the viscose and from 3 to 20 percent of zinc sulphate to form the filaments and immediately thereafter stretching the filaments.
  • a process for making high tenacity rayon filaments which comprises extruding viscose containing at least 0.5 of a modifier which is capable of producing filaments having a thick skin from said viscose, into an aqueous acid coagulating bath to form filaments, withdrawing the filaments from the bath and immediately stretching them, while they are still wet, in a series of at least five stretching steps, the filaments being stretched from 4 to 20% in each step, said stretching being carried out by passing the filaments over a series of at least five positively driven stretching rollers of increasing peripheral speed and over a series of relaxing rollers, there being a relaxing roller between each stretching roller and the next succeeding stretching roller, each of said relaxing rollers having a peripheral speed less than that of the stretching roller immediately preceding it and such that the filaments are permitted to contract not more than 4%, the total stretch imparted to said filaments over said series of stretching and relaxing rollers being greater than the stretch imparted by the first of said stretching rollers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US744982A 1957-07-01 1958-06-27 Production of artificial filaments, yarns, threads and the like Expired - Lifetime US3001851A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB20643/57A GB866783A (en) 1957-07-01 1957-07-01 Improvements in and relating to the production of artificial filaments, yarns, threads and the like from viscose

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3001851A true US3001851A (en) 1961-09-26

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US744982A Expired - Lifetime US3001851A (en) 1957-07-01 1958-06-27 Production of artificial filaments, yarns, threads and the like

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3001851A (ro)
BE (1) BE569055A (ro)
FR (1) FR1198365A (ro)
GB (1) GB866783A (ro)
NL (1) NL229196A (ro)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180344489A1 (en) * 2017-06-01 2018-12-06 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Biodegradable stent and preparation method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1968912A (en) * 1932-03-23 1934-08-07 American Enka Corp Process and apparatus for spinning artificial silk
US2346696A (en) * 1940-03-05 1944-04-18 American Enka Corp Manufacture of rayon
CH263233A (de) * 1939-02-24 1949-08-31 Limited Lustrafil Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Erzeugung von künstlichen Fäden.
US2599603A (en) * 1946-02-23 1952-06-10 Lustrafil Ltd Apparatus for advancing strands
US2852333A (en) * 1954-05-21 1958-09-16 Du Pont Viscose spinning process

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1968912A (en) * 1932-03-23 1934-08-07 American Enka Corp Process and apparatus for spinning artificial silk
CH263233A (de) * 1939-02-24 1949-08-31 Limited Lustrafil Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Erzeugung von künstlichen Fäden.
US2346696A (en) * 1940-03-05 1944-04-18 American Enka Corp Manufacture of rayon
US2599603A (en) * 1946-02-23 1952-06-10 Lustrafil Ltd Apparatus for advancing strands
US2852333A (en) * 1954-05-21 1958-09-16 Du Pont Viscose spinning process

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180344489A1 (en) * 2017-06-01 2018-12-06 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Biodegradable stent and preparation method thereof
US10722388B2 (en) * 2017-06-01 2020-07-28 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Solid-state drawing method for preparing a surgical suture or a biodegradable stent

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Publication number Publication date
NL229196A (ro)
BE569055A (ro)
GB866783A (en) 1961-05-03
FR1198365A (fr) 1959-12-07

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