US299431A

US299431A - Die for forming axles

Info

Publication number: US299431A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1884-05-27
Anticipated expiration: 1901-05-27

Description

(No Model.)

J. SMITH.

DIE FOR FORMING; AXLBS; No. 299,431 Patented May 27 1884u WlTmkssEszz I VENTOR:

one part or half of the series.

\ llivirn STATES arnrir FFIQE.

JAMES SMITH, or BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

DIE FOR FORMING AXLES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 299,431, dated May 27, 1884. Application filed December 1, 1863. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES SMITH, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improve ments in Car-Axle Dies, of, which the following is a specification.

This invention is an improvement on that described in Letters Patent of the United States No. 243,642, granted to me June 28, 881; and it consists, first, in making the hammering portions of the dies which complete the forging of the journal of such form in cross-section that when said dies meet said hammering portions will form arcs of a circle whose center is in the plane of the meeting faces of the die-blocks, and will impart a perfect cylindrical form to the journal, the diameter of the latter being determined by that of the dies, so that there will be no material variation in the diameters of all the journals produced by a given pair of dies.

Of the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 represents an end View of aseries of dies embodying my invention. Fig. 2 represents a top view'of Fig. 3 represents a side View of a portion'of an axle.

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.

In the drawings, a a represent the heads or blocks, in which are formed the usual dies, b b c c, for roughly forging the car-axles, and dies 6 e and ff, for forging the journals of the axle.

As stated in my above-named patent, my invention does not relate to the dies 72 b c c, said dies being of the usual form and arrangement; nor does my invention relate to the dies e c, as the peculiarity of said dies, as hereinafter described, is set forth in said patent. The block a is supported rigidly on a suitable bed, and the block a is operated, in the ordinary manner of operating a trip-hammer. The dies e e have projecting faces 6 c, with rounded ends, and adapted to form a groove or incipient journal in a car-axle of a lesser length than the completed journal.

In the operation of the dies 0 e on a heated axle-bar placed between them, each blow of the dies indents and at the same time elongates the portion of the axle with which it comes in contact. Thus the first blow forms of the first indentation are carried slightly.

outward in opposite directions, and so on until the faces e e have entered the axle as far as they are able and formed a groove of the required depth. The extreme length of this groove is greater than that of the faces 6' e, so that the ends of the groove do not conform to the rounded ends of the faces, but extend away from the same, the ends of the grooves being rough, and showing traces of each separate blow of the dies. The dies ff have faces f f, which are longer than the faces of the dies 6 6, their length being substantially equal to that of the completed groove or journal. The dies f f in operation do not materially increase the depth of the grooves or journals, and therefore do not materially elongate the portions-of the axle in which the journals are formed. The dies f f finish the ends of said grooves, causing them to conform exactly to the ends of the faces f f. The difference in length between the faces f f and e e is such that very little metal is displaced by the ends of the faces f f, the efi'ect of the latter being to give the desired form to the ends of the journals, causing them to approximate closely the final form given by the lathe, so that the minimum of time, labor, and waste of material attends the finishing operation.

The foregoing description is substantially identical with that given in my above-named patent, and is given to avoid the necessity of reference to said patent. My present improvement, so far as the same relates to the dies, consists in making the hammering portions of the dies f f in cross-section arcs of a circle whose center is in the plane of the meeting faces of the blocks a a, said dies forming, when the blocks meet, a complete circle, excepting at and near the said meeting faces, where they are preferably enlarged or widened, as shown, to afford room for the lateral displacement of the metal of the journal caused'by the action of the hammering portions of the dies above.

and below said enlarged portions, so that the displaced metal will not be indented by the faces of the dies, but will form gentle protubers ances, which can be readily reduced by rotatthe lathe to any material extent.

ing the axle, and thus bringing said protuberances under the hammering portions of the dies. The diesf are allowed to act on a journal until they meet, as shown in Fig. 1. The j onrnal is thus hammered to a perfectly cylindrical form, and has the same diameter as the space inclosed by said dies. The preceding dies are substantially oval in crossscction, each half-die being wider than it is deep, and they are not allowed to act on the axle until they meet; but the axle is rotated while being acted on by said dies, so that it is reduced to nearly the proper shape before reaching the diesf f. The axle is also rotated while being acted on by the dicsfj", so that the protubcn ances above mentioned are reduced by the com pacting or condensing action of said dies, and all parts of the surface are equally hardened.

-lVhen the journal leaves the dies ff, it is hammered to a cylindrical form, and is substantially completed, and requires only sufficient reduction by the lathe to impart the desired finish or smoothness. The finished journal therefore presents a uniformly hard hammered surface at all points, the metal hardened and condensed by the dies not being removed by have enlargements 1' f at their ends, which form the enlargements or shoulders on the axle at the ends of thejournals. Said enlargements f are also semicircular, and are concentric with the journal-forming portions f; hence the enlargements or shoulders on the axle are hammered to a cylindrical. form, and are made 5 l form represented by Fi f of the drawings.

exactly concentric wit-h the journal.

17 i represent a pair of semicircular dies or grooves which are of uniform size from end to end. Said dies are adapted to form the wheelseat 10 on the axle and give said seat the same perfection of form as that imparted to the journal by the diesff. In case the wheel-seat is made larger than the shoulder or oil-seat at the inner end of the journal, as shown in Fig.

The diesff 3, the dies or grooves f should have enlargementsf at one end, adapted to form the outer end of the wheel-seat. The dies i 71 finish the wheel-seat in continuation of the part finished by the enlargcmcntsf, so that the wheel-seat is necessarily concentric with the journal, and is compacted and hardened on its surface like the journal. \Vhcn the wheel-seat is made of the same diameter as the shoulders at the inner ends of the journal, the enlargement f" will not be required. The improved axle thus formed forms the subject of an application for Letters Patent of the 'l nited States filed by me July 20, 1883.

I claim ii. As a means for forging the journals of car-axlcs, the dies cc, having faces a e of less than thelength of the completed journal,joint- 1y with the dies f f, having faces f'f of substantially the same length as the completed journal, the hammering, portions of said dies f lorming arcs ofa circle whose center is in the plane of the meeting faces of the die-blocks, whereby the j onrnal is forged to a substantially perfect cylindrical form with a predetermined diameter, as set forth.

2. The dies ff in the blocks a a, for forming the arms of axles, each die presenting a hammer-face that is a short are only (less than the half) of a circle drawn from a point in the parting-line ot'the dies, and the two dies jointly having such configuration (indicated by f, f, f, and f) as would mold the axle-arm, its j ournal, shoulders, and whcelscat to the finished In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two suhscribing witnesses, this 26th day of Xovembcr, 1883.

JAMES SMITH.

\Vitnesses;

C. 1 Bnowx, A. L. WHITE.