US2993857A - Soluble oil - Google Patents

Soluble oil Download PDF

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Publication number
US2993857A
US2993857A US727531A US72753158A US2993857A US 2993857 A US2993857 A US 2993857A US 727531 A US727531 A US 727531A US 72753158 A US72753158 A US 72753158A US 2993857 A US2993857 A US 2993857A
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Prior art keywords
percent
weight
hydrocarbon
oil
sulfur
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Louis H Sudholz
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ExxonMobil Oil Corp
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Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc
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Priority to BE587147D priority Critical patent/BE587147A/xx
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Priority to US727531A priority patent/US2993857A/en
Priority to FR816951A priority patent/FR1252866A/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
    • C10M2211/044—Acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/08—Halogenated waxes
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C10M2215/224—Imidazoles
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/083—Dibenzyl sulfide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
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    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
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    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
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    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved lubricating composition and more particularly to a composition especially adapted for lubricating metals during processing operations such as cutting including broaching, turning, threading, drilling, tapping and milling and operations such as grinding, drawing, rolling and the like.
  • the lubricating composition with which the present invention is concerned fall within the class commonly referred to as soluble oils.
  • soluble oils comprise a lubricating oil having dissolved or dispersed therein an emulsifying material imparting to the oil a capacity for substantial aqueous dilution to form a stable oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the emulsion so formed is utilized by flowing over the tool and the work in a steady stream, and functions to dissipate the heat from both the tool and the work; improve tool life; improve the quality of the surface produced; lubricate the surfaces in contact between the tool and the work; wash away the chips; decrease tool wear; decrease friction between chip and tool; and provide lubrication between the chip and the tool, thus re. ducing the effect of the high pressure of the chip on the tool.
  • Oil-in-water emulsions are normally usedwhere roughing cuts are being made. In roughing cuts, the primary object is to remove material and the quality of the surface produced has been. considered secondary.
  • a lubricant which is capable; of reducing friction and affordi ha high load-carryingtfilm of lubricantbetween the cutting tool, chip and the work beingmachined-
  • a variety of additives have been used in order to fortify soluble oils.
  • Materials containing active sulfur are typical of such additives. While they areadvantageous in certain respects, high concentrations of active sulfur tend to cause corrosion and/or staining of certain metals when in contact therewith at relativelylow temperatures.
  • I- Ialogen-contai ning additives, and PHI-l ticularly chlorinated materials have also been used.
  • Patented July 25, 1961 Another object is to provide a metal processing lubricant characterized by a high degree of machining efliciency.
  • reaction products are prepared by: l) forming a mixture of a hydrocarbon material, such as a petroleum oil, and a metal hydroxide; (2) contacting said mixture with an oxidizing gas at a temperature of from about C. to about 325 C.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Two thousand grams of a percolated, solvent refined Mid-Continent type bright stock (average molecular weight, about 800) and 200 grams (9.1 .weight percent) of hydrated lime (available calcium oxide, 70% minimum) were mixed and then charged to an electrically heated glass column (60 feet in length, 3 inches in diameter). Thecolumn has a fritted glass disc sealedin the bottom for air dispersion. The contents of the column were heated rapidly to 425" Air was introduced. through the glass frit at a rate'of 3 liters per hour per l00 grams ofoil for about 21 hours. The product thus formed was filtered. The filtrate has a calcium content frornabout 1.5-1.7 percent by weight. I
  • the filtered oxidized oil is charged to a glass flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and a nitrogen inlet tube;
  • the oil was diluted with an equal weight of, a dilution -oil; this is a parafiinic 'oil' having: an A.P.I. gravity of 27.5; and S.U.S. viscosity at 100 F. of 100-110; afiash (C.O.C., 'F.) of .350, minimum; and a color -(A.S.T.-M.)' of 2,maximum.
  • reaction Product A A reaction product so prepared is shown in several tests hereinafter and is identified as Reaction Product A.
  • the dehydrated product can be used in the cutting oils of this invention, thus dispensing with the filtration step.
  • the concentration of reaction product in the soluble oil composition is such as to improve the machining efficiency thereof and may be varied widely in accordance with the use to which it is to be put.
  • the reaction product should ordinarily be present in a concentration of from about 0.1% to about 3.0% by weight.
  • a soluble oil will be marketed to be diluted for use as required.
  • the reaction prodnot will usually be present in a concentration of from about to about 30%.
  • the compositions of the present invention contemplates the presence of the said reaction products in soluble cutting oils in widely varying amounts.
  • the base oil comprises an oil having a Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100 F. in the range of from about 40 to about 1000 seconds, and an A.P.I. gravity of 19 to 36.
  • a light oil as the base, that is, one having a gravity in the range of from 20 to'36 A.P.I. and a viscosity at 100 F. of from 80 to 120 seconds.
  • compositions of this invention contain one or more emulsifying agents in combination with the above-mentioned reaction products and oils.
  • Emulsifying agents useful herein include water-soluble soaps, sulfonates, cationic and non-ionic agents, all of which are well known in the art.
  • Such materials are: sodium and potassium salts of animal and vegetable fats and fatty acids such as oleic, stearic and the like; mineral oil sulfonates prepared from a variety of mineral oil fractions; glyoxalidines such as l-hydroxyethyl-2-heptadecenyl glyoxalidine; hexahydric alcohol partial esters of high molecular weight fatty acids and the anhydrides thereof, such as sorbitan monooleate; polyoxyethylene derivatives of the above-mentioned hexa hydric alcohol partial esters; alkylated aryl poly-ether alcohols such as obtained by condensation of a phenol or phenol derivative with ethylene oxide, an illustration of which is a polyoxyethylene octylphenol.
  • emulsifying agents may be denominated as promoting the formation of oil-in-water emulsions, as shown in Patent No. 2,811,489, of Ernst Laug. They are present in the compositions of this invention in concentrations from about 5 percent to about 30 percent by weight, preferably from about to about percent.
  • compositions of this invention accordingly comprise the combination of recited components in the following proportions:
  • the soluble oils contemplated herein can also contain an extreme pressure agent of either corrosive or non-corrosive char acter,
  • a corrosive. agent is characterized by ftlooselye 4 bound sulfur and is one which causes more than a slight discoloration in the copper strip test. This test involves immersion of a copper strip in the test material for three hours at 212 F.
  • a non-corrosive agent is one which causes no more than a slight discoloration of a copper strip under such test conditions.
  • the corrosive extreme pressure agents can contain one or more other characterizing elements such as bromine, chlorine, nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus.
  • sulfurized animal, marine, and vegetable oils containing from about 12 to about 20 percent of sulfur; sulfurized mineral oils containing up to about 5 percent of added sulfur; sulfurized terpenes, organic polysulfides and mercaptans.
  • sulfurized lard oil containing about 15 percent by weight of sulfur.
  • Non-corrosive extreme pressure agents which can be used herein are characterized by firmly-bound sulfur, phosphorus, and/or halogen such as chlorine and bromine.
  • Typical of such agents are: sulfurized animal, marine, and vegetable oils containing up to about 10 percent by weight of sulfur; dibenzyl disulfide; chlornaphtha xanthate; chlorinated fatty materals such as chlorinated stearic acids; chlorinated waxes; organic phosphorus compounds such as thiophosphates; etc.
  • Preferred of such agents is sulfurized lard oil containing about 10 percent by weight of sulfur.
  • the corrosive and non-corrosive extreme pressure agents can be used in the compositions herein in concentrations from about 5 percent to about 20 percent, preferably between about 10 and 15 percent.
  • compositions of this invention have proven to be advantageous in a number of respects, as is demonstrated by the following test data:
  • Tapping efficiency In the measurement of tapping efliciency of an oil, a series of holes is accurately drilled in a test metal, namely, SAE 1020 hot rolled steel. These holes are subsequently tapped with a series of taps in a drill press equipped with a table, which is free to rotate about the center, being mounted on ball bearings. A torque arm is attached to this floating table and this arm, in turn, actuates a spring scale so that the actual torque during tapping with the oil being evaluated is measured directly.
  • the same taps used in evaluating the test oil are employed in tapping with a standard reference oil, which has arbitrarily been assigned an efliciency of 100 percent. The average torque for the test oil is compared to that of the standard and a relative efiiciency is calculated on a percentage basis. For example:
  • Ta ping etfiel n Composition pereen "Light duty soluble oil-1 part,
  • the light duty soluble oil used is a mineral oil having a viscosity of 100 seconds (SUS at, 100 F.) compounded with emulsifiers so that the resultant product is readily emulsified with water.
  • the light duty soluble oil contained (by weight): 13 percent of potassium soaps of rosin fatty acids; 7 percent of sodium mineral oil sulfonates (molecular weight of sulfonic acids, about 400); 1.5'percent of ethylene glycol, and 1 percent of Water.
  • a soluble oil composition consisting essentially of a mineral lubricating oil, from about percent to about 30 percent by weight of an emulsifying agent capable of promoting the formation of an oil-in-water emulsion, from about 5 percent to about 20 percent by weight of a corrosive sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent selected from the group consisting of sulfurized animal, marine and vegetable oils containing from about 12 to about 20 percent of sulfur, sulfurized mineral oils containing up to about 5 percent of added sulfur, sulfurized terpenes, organic polysulfides and mercaptans, and from about 5 percent to about 30 percent by weight of an oilsoluble, phosphorus-, sulfurand calcium-containing oxidized hydrocarbon reaction product produced by the method which comprises the steps of: (1) forming a mixture comprising (a) a hydrocarbon having a molecular weight of from about 200 to 1000 and which is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons having at least one nuclear hydrogen atom substituted by an aliphatic radical to provide a
  • composition as defined by claim 1 wherein the corrosive extreme pressure agent is a sulfurized lard oil containing about 15 percent by weight of sulfur.
  • An oil-in-wateremulsion comprising one part by volume of the composition defined by claim 1 diluted with from about 10 to about 50 parts by volume of water.
  • a soluble oil composition consisting essentially of a mineral lubricating oil, fromabout 5 to about 30 percent by weight of an emulsifying agent capable of promoting the formation of an oil-in-water emulsion, from about 5 percent to about 20 percent by weight of a noncorrosive sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent selected from the group consisting of sulfurized animal, marine and vegetable oils containing from about 12 to about 20 percent of sulfur, sulfurized mineral oils containing up to about 5 percent of added sulfur, sulfurized terpenes, organic polysulfides and mercaptans, and from about'S percent to about 30 percent by weight of an oil-soluble, phosphorus-, sulfurand calcium-containing oxidized hydrocarbon reaction product produced by the method which comprises the steps of: (1) forming a mixture comprising (a) a hydrocarbon having a molecular weight of from about 200 to 1000 and which is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons having at least one nuclear hydrogen atom substituted by an aliphatic radical to provide
  • composition as defined by claim 3 wherein the non-corrosive extreme pressure agent is a sulfurized lard oil containing about 10 percent by weight of sulfur.
  • An oil-in-Water emulsion comprising one part by volume of the composition defined by claim 3 diluted with from about 10 to about 50 parts by volume of water.
  • a soluble oil composition consisting essentially of a mineral lubricating oil, from about 5 percent to about 30 percent by weight of an emulsifying agent capable of promoting the formation of an oil-in-Water emulsion, and from about 5 percent to about 30 percent by weight of an oil-soluble, phosphorus-, sulfurand calcium-containing oxidized hydrocarbon reaction product produced by the method which comprises the steps of: (1) forming -7 a mixture comprising (a) a hydrocarbon having a molecular weight of from about 200 to 1000 and which is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons having at least one nuclear hydrogen atom substituted by an aliphatic radical to provide a total of at least 8 aliphatic carbon atoms per molecule therein, and mixtures thereof, and (b) from about 0.5% to about 25%, based on the weight of said hydrocarbon, of a calcium hydroxide, (2) contacting said mixture with an oxidizing gas at a temperature of from about 125 C.
  • compositions for "'floating" read “Floating” ference numeral Column 1 line 15 column i line 47,

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3105824A (en) * 1960-05-03 1963-10-01 Du Pont Aqueous fluorocarbon telomer dispersion and process of preparing same
US3167511A (en) * 1961-04-13 1965-01-26 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Metal working lubricant
US4028259A (en) * 1975-05-29 1977-06-07 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for preparing a metal salt of an oxidized, phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon and lubricant compositions containing same
US4298483A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-11-03 Mobil Oil Corporation Metal forming lubricants
US4466909A (en) * 1980-09-29 1984-08-21 Chevron Research Company Oil-in-water microemulsion fluid
US4572790A (en) * 1984-05-02 1986-02-25 Texaco Inc. Lubrication additive for aqueous drilling fluids

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2375315A (en) * 1941-11-28 1945-05-08 Standard Oil Co Interface modifier
US2631129A (en) * 1949-06-02 1953-03-10 Tide Water Associated Oil Comp Sulfurized tall oil-containing compositions
US2773861A (en) * 1955-12-30 1956-12-11 Standard Oil Co Process of stabilizing phosphorus sulfide-oxygen containing organic compound reaction products against hydrogen sulfide evolution
US2830949A (en) * 1955-12-23 1958-04-15 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Phosphorus- and sulfur-containing complex metal salts of oxidized hydrocarbons and oil compositions thereof
US2846393A (en) * 1955-11-17 1958-08-05 Pure Oil Co Heavy duty soluble oil composition
US2864846A (en) * 1954-12-03 1958-12-16 Phillips Petroleum Co Process for producing lubricating oil additives

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2375315A (en) * 1941-11-28 1945-05-08 Standard Oil Co Interface modifier
US2631129A (en) * 1949-06-02 1953-03-10 Tide Water Associated Oil Comp Sulfurized tall oil-containing compositions
US2864846A (en) * 1954-12-03 1958-12-16 Phillips Petroleum Co Process for producing lubricating oil additives
US2846393A (en) * 1955-11-17 1958-08-05 Pure Oil Co Heavy duty soluble oil composition
US2830949A (en) * 1955-12-23 1958-04-15 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Phosphorus- and sulfur-containing complex metal salts of oxidized hydrocarbons and oil compositions thereof
US2773861A (en) * 1955-12-30 1956-12-11 Standard Oil Co Process of stabilizing phosphorus sulfide-oxygen containing organic compound reaction products against hydrogen sulfide evolution

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3105824A (en) * 1960-05-03 1963-10-01 Du Pont Aqueous fluorocarbon telomer dispersion and process of preparing same
US3167511A (en) * 1961-04-13 1965-01-26 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Metal working lubricant
US4028259A (en) * 1975-05-29 1977-06-07 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for preparing a metal salt of an oxidized, phosphosulfurized hydrocarbon and lubricant compositions containing same
US4298483A (en) * 1979-12-17 1981-11-03 Mobil Oil Corporation Metal forming lubricants
US4466909A (en) * 1980-09-29 1984-08-21 Chevron Research Company Oil-in-water microemulsion fluid
US4572790A (en) * 1984-05-02 1986-02-25 Texaco Inc. Lubrication additive for aqueous drilling fluids

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