US2987463A - High amperage diaphragm cell for the electrolysis of brine - Google Patents

High amperage diaphragm cell for the electrolysis of brine Download PDF

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Publication number
US2987463A
US2987463A US740293A US74029358A US2987463A US 2987463 A US2987463 A US 2987463A US 740293 A US740293 A US 740293A US 74029358 A US74029358 A US 74029358A US 2987463 A US2987463 A US 2987463A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cell
side walls
cathode
chamber
cathodes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US740293A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jose C Baker
Jr Christopher C Silsby
John E Venable
Henry R Wiesner
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Diamond Shamrock Corp
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Diamond Alkali Co
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Publication date
Priority to NL239909D priority Critical patent/NL239909A/xx
Application filed by Diamond Alkali Co filed Critical Diamond Alkali Co
Priority to US740293A priority patent/US2987463A/en
Priority to GB19165/59A priority patent/GB880838A/en
Priority to BE579377A priority patent/BE579377A/fr
Priority to FR796743A priority patent/FR1226852A/fr
Priority to DED30814A priority patent/DE1108673B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2987463A publication Critical patent/US2987463A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
    • C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a high amperage electrolytic diaphragm-type cell for the electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brine and more particularly to a cell capable of operation at a capacity of 30,000 amperes and higher.
  • Diaphragm-type cells for the electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal halide brine generally employ a foraminous or perforated metallic cathode and a duid-permeable diaphragm overlaying the cathode permitting percolation of electrolyte from the anode chamber through the diaphragm and cathode into a cathode chamber.
  • Such cells rst made their appearance in the early part of the twentieth century. 'Ihe fluid permeable diaphragm, by separating the anode and cathode chambers, avoids the disturbing edects of convection currents and gas evolution, and generally inhibits migration of hydroxyl ions towards the anode.
  • diaphragm-type cells most widely used today are of the circulating electrolyte type, wherein the diaphragms and cathodes may be arranged either horizontally or vertically, but in most instances, at least in the United States, the arrangement is vertical. These cells may be subdivided into two groups, those in which the diaphragms and cathodes are completely submerged, so that all sides of the cathode are submerged in electrolyte, and those in which the electrolyte comes in contact with one face only of an incompletely submerged diaphragm.
  • diaphragm-type electrolytic cells In a cell having an incompletely submerged diaphragm there is no large body of solution of alkali metal chloride and hydroxide present inthe cathode compartment because the cathode liquor is withdrawn as fast as it is formed. In this way osmotic action and hydroxyl ion migration are reduced 'to a
  • diaphragm-type electrolytic cells have heretofore been designed for operation at relatively low capacities of the order of 10,000 amperes and less.
  • Hooker type S-3 One such cell, the so-called Hooker type S-3, however, has reached a capacity of approximately 20,000 amperes.
  • This cell is cubical in design and employs a multiplicity of completely submerged cathodes upon which diaphragms are deposited, in situ.
  • the Hooker-type cell is described by Stuart, Lyster and Murray, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering 45, 354 (1938).
  • the anodes are parallel, vertically disposed at blades of graphite, with their lower ends embedded in a lead slab resting on the cell bottom, from which they project upwardly, and the cathodes are in the form of parallel hollow ingers projecting horizontally from two opposite sides of the cell, the cathodes being adapted to alternate with the anodes, leaving an open channel or aisle in the center of the cell.
  • the diaphragm is deposited upon the perforated or wire mesh cathode surface by the now conventional technique described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 1,862,244 to K. E. Stuart, issued June 7, 1932. Performance data on the Hooker S-3 cell is given at page 2,987,463 Patented June 6, 1961 ICC 434, Table 63, of Mantells Industrial Electrochemistry, Third Edition (McGraw-Hill Book Co, Inc., 1950).
  • an electrolytic cell of the diaphragm type is provided that is capable of operating at high amperages, above 30,000 amperes, and yet because of its design readily permits improved production eiciency and operating conditions.
  • a base having associated therewith a plurality of electrically-conductive metallic grid members delining a spaced series of slots on the base, in which slots 4there is tixed a multiplicity of vertically disposed anodes of halogen-resistant electrically-conductive material.
  • a multiplicity of vertically-disposed electrically conductive cathode end sheets forming said inner side walls and connected with the cathodes at their ends adjacent said inner side walls, but spaced from the side walls, and with the cathodes forming a series of vertically disposed tubes adjacent the anodes on their vertical surfaces, and thus defining anolyte compartments therewithin completely separated from the catholyte compartments by the diaphragm-covered metal cathodes.
  • a subsidiary feature is the provision of an electricallyinsulating liquid-impervious material overlaying the metal bonding layer and other areas of the inner walls exposed to anolyte.
  • FIGURE 1 is a top plan view of an electrolytic diaphragm type cell for the electrolysis of alkali metal chloride brine, partially cut away to show the arrangement of anodes and cathodes therein and to show the metallic grid members superimposed upon the base;
  • FIGURE 2 is a partial vertical section of the electrolytic cell of FIGURE l, partially cut awayto show the arrangement of anodes md cathodes and the mode of aixing the anodes to the base;
  • FIGURE 3 is an end view of the electrolytic cell of FIGURE 1, partiallycut away to show the arrangement of anodes and cathodes therein; 1
  • FIGURE 4 is an end view of another cell showing a desirable type of electrical connection which can be made with the end of the cell as shown in FIGURE 3;
  • FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary detail of the structure of FIGURE l, enlarged for clarity;
  • FIGURE 6 is a fragmentmy detail of the structure of FIGURE 2, enlarged for clarity.
  • the cell structure shown in these drawings comprises the cell can 1, having outer walls 2 and inner Walls 3 of electrically-conductive material.
  • the outer side Walls 2 with inner wall 3 form the peripheral chamber 5 for the collection of catholyte solution and cathode gas evolved in cathode tubes 6 and half-cathodes 7.
  • the side walls are of electrically-conductive material so as to facilitate supplying an electric current to the cathodes.
  • Side walls 3 are protected where necessary by halogenresistant material.
  • Metal sheets of the same metal as the cathode tubes, such as steel sheets, are quite satisfactory, since the openings 8 and 9 are easily made, and welds can be used to join them electrically to the cathode tubes.
  • Theouter and inner side walls in the cell illustrated are of steel and are both connected to a source of electricity at the buss 13.
  • the catholyte solution and cathode gas enter the chamber -5 from the catholyte chamber by way of the slots 8 (best shown in FIGURE 5) and other openings 9 in the inner walls 3.
  • the anodes 10, each unit of which as shown is composed of ve sections of halogen-resistant electricallyconductive material, such as graphite or magnetite, are
  • the grid members 12 are electrically connected to each other and aiixed to the base-member by the electricallyconductive bonding layer 14, suitably of lead (best shown in FIGURE 6).
  • the bonding layer is not essential; the ⁇ anodes can be sweated into the slots in a tight electrical connection with the grid members.
  • the grid members 12 are attached to a source of electricity by the anode lug 41.
  • the grid members are formed preferably of electrolytic grade copper, for example, approximately 99.8% copper, resistivity not to exceed 1.72 microohms per cubic centimeter at 20@ ⁇ C. according to A.S.T.M. specification B5-43.
  • the grid gives improved electrical conductivity in the base, cuts 12R loss to Va minimum, and
  • Vthus permits operation of the cell at a lower temperature.
  • the lead bonding layer and a portion of the sides of the anode are coated With a chemically inert liquid-impermeable nonconducting coating 15 such as bitumen, petroleum residuum, gilsonite or asphalt, and this is overlaid with a base slab of concrete 16 having a reinforcing bar 17 at its upper edge.
  • the edges of the concretev base are overlaid with a layer of putty 18 sealing a rubber gasket 19.
  • cathode tubes 6 extend from inner sidewall to inner side wall of the 'cell chamber, in the slots S to which their ends are electrically connected by Welding.
  • the tubes can extend beyond the side Walls, if desired.
  • the slots 8 communicate with the peripheral cham-ber 5.
  • the cathode tubes are readily constructed fromV metal'sheets by forming into a tube and welding the seam. Any electrically conductive material that is resistant to caustic canV be used, but stee'L is preferred. vPerforated steel sheets and steel wire cloth are suitable.
  • the method Y of ttingthem to the inner side walls 3 makes it possible the two ends of the cathode assembly are the half-cath- Yodes 7, enclosing half-compartments which YValso communicate with the chamber 5.
  • the cathode tubes are horizontally disposed across the cell and are spaced above the base member 4 to permit circulation of the cell liquor therebeneath.
  • Adjacent cathode tubes are interconnected by end members 21 (best shown in FIGURE 5), which end members 21 are overlaid with fluid permeable diaphragm material 25 and complete the enclosure of the sides of the anodes by cathode material and form anolyte compartments 22, the end spaces 23 of Which are relatively open.
  • the member 21 is spaced from the side walls of the chamber 5 by brackets 24 so as to permit hydrogen and cell liquor to escape behind them into the peripheral chamber through the openings 9, and also assist circulation of cell liquor at the ends of the inner chamber.
  • the end members thus increase the eiiiciency of the cell.
  • a well placed multiplicity of electricallyconductive metal straps 25 furnish needed support and stability to the cathode tube assembly. These can be Welded to the tubes for a better electrical connection.
  • the cathode tubes 6 and half-cathodes 7 advantageously are connected electrically to the electrically-conductive side walls 3 at both their ends. This can be done by welding; if both tubes and side Walls are of steel, Welding is facilitated. It then is poss-ible to supply a current at each end of the tubes by connecting the side walls 3 to a source of electricity. It also is desirable to make electrical connections, also by welding, between the-supporting straps 25 and the tubes 6. The result is a considerably improved operation, since there can be no great voltage drop along the cathodes as the distance from the source of the current increases. Y Areas of side Walls 3 adjacent the diaphragm-covered cathode surfaces are protected -by chlorineand anolyte-resistant material such as concrete.
  • the diaphragm 26 which completely separates the cathode from the anodes is huid-permeable and of halogen-resistant material, in this case asbestos, deposited in situ upon the outer surface of the cathode material facing the anode.
  • halogen-resistant material in this case asbestos
  • other types of diaphragms can be used, and such are well known to those skilled in this art.
  • the cell structure is adapted to permit use of sheet diaphragms, such as asbestos paper, which can be wrapped around or attached to the outer face of the cathode.
  • Cell cover 30 provided at its edges with reinforcing rings 31 and 32' and at its corners with lifting eyes 33, rests upon the upper sealing member 44 resting on the can 1, and encloses a collection space for chlorine gas. Its interior, if desired, also can be provided with a coating of suitable inert sealing material to ensure protection Afrom the corrosive chlorine atmosphere.
  • crete such as Lumnite (calcium aluminate) cement or of concrete mixed with a Vinsol resin (a hard, brittle, darkcolored, thermoplastic resin derived from pine wood, and containing phenol, aldehyde, and ether groups, which resin is supplied in lump, flake, and pulverized forms, and as a stable emulsion.
  • Lumnite calcium aluminate
  • Vinsol resin a hard, brittle, darkcolored, thermoplastic resin derived from pine wood, and containing phenol, aldehyde, and ether groups, which resin is supplied in lump, flake, and pulverized forms, and as a stable emulsion.
  • the cell walls can be extended upwardly beyond Vthe height of the anodes and cathodes and 'a fiat cover of halogen-resistant material fitted thereto, such as a steel sheet protected on the inside Yby a halogen-resistant rubber coating.
  • These inlets are best placed about one-third the distance from each end for optimum circulation of chloride ion throughout the cell.
  • Brine also can be dispersed according to any conventional procedure, provided it does not impinge upon the diaphragm, such as by spraying in droplet form.
  • Chlorine is withdrawn through the vent 38. Hydrogen and traces of other gases are withdrawn from the peripheral chamber through the vent 39, and the catholyte liquor, i.e., alkali metal hydroxide containing unelectrolyzed salt, is withdrawn at 40.
  • the catholyte liquor i.e., alkali metal hydroxide containing unelectrolyzed salt
  • FIGURE 4 Electrical connection with other cells in series can be provided as shown in FIGURE 4. Connection is made to the anode lug 41 by the buss bar 42 which is attached to the recessed cathode lug 43 of an adjacent cell. The recess reduces the length of the electrical buss connection and saves cell room space without affecting operation.
  • an alkali metal chloride for example, sodium chloride
  • brine stream of desired concentration is fed to the cell through openings 34 and 35 in the roof 30.
  • the brine level is brought to a point somewhat above the upper surface of the anodes, suitably more than one inch and preferably about one to four inches above the anodes, and an electric current passed through the cell by means of the electric connections, some of Which are not shown. It has been found that the anolyte level is preferably maintained well above the tops of the anode elements of the cell to aid in ensuring uniform chloride ion distribution in the anolyte compartments.
  • the rising chlorine as well as the heat generated during electrolysis causes upward movement of the anolyte in the electrolytically active central regions of the anolyte compartments 22, and this is accompanied by a compensating circulation of the anolyte downwardly at the edges of the cell in the more open end spaces 23 of these compartments.
  • the result of the placement of brine introduction and this natural convection-and chlorine liftaided circulation is to give substantially uniform chloride ion concentration throughout the anolyte compartments. This circulation is greatly assisted by theplacement of the cathode tubes above the base of the cell.
  • anolyte percolates through the porous cathode diaphragm and the metallic cathode members 6 ⁇ and 7, as well as the end members 21 of the cathodes, where it forms alkali metal hydroxide and hydrogen, into the catholyte compartments 20.
  • the alkali metal hydroxide solution and hydrogen escape from the catholyte compartments 20 into the peripheral chamber 5 by way of the slots 8 and other openings 9.
  • the catholyte solution ultimately leaves the peripheral chamber 5 of the cell through the take-oi conduit 40, here shown at the side of the cell.
  • the catholyte take-01T conduit may conveniently be located otherwise than as shown, without detrimental elect. Hydrogen and traces of other gases present in the peripheral chamber 5 may be suitably removed as through the hydrogen outlet 39.
  • Manometer connection 45 may be provided for conveniently determining anolyte level with the anode compartment.
  • the above-described design offers considerable advantages over prior cells. The most important is the elicient operation at a large current, of the order of 30,000 amperes and higher, which permits a considerably greater production.
  • the cathode design permits an exceedingly low hydrogen content in the chlorine cell gas.
  • the improved copper grid superimposed upon the base member gives a much better electrical connection in the proximity of the anode, reducing to a minimum the distance current must travel through lead in order to reach the anode.
  • 'I'he anode and cathode arrangement allows cell repair and assembly to be accomplished readily and eiciently outside the cell room, because each of these components is readily removed. It also is possible to achieve a con siderable stability of operation under varying load conditions simply by adjusting the feed of brine to the cell and withdrawal of cell liquor from the cell to tit the need.
  • the purity of the chlorine obtainable from the cell is readily adapted for use at any available amperages to suit the available electrical equipment, merely by adjusting the number of electrode pairs. It can be used at amperages well below 30,000 amperes, when so modified, although of course it is most economically operated at 30,000 amperes and above. Amperages of 35,000 to 40,000 arnperes are not excessive.
  • the cell is useful for the electrolysis of alkali metal chlorides in general, including not only sodium chloride, as indicated above, but also potassium chloride, lithium chloride, rubidium chloride, and caesium chloride. These collectively are encompassed by the term brine as used in the specication and claims.
  • An electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of alkali metal chloride solution comprising a basermember having associated therewith a plurality of electrically-con.- ductive metallic grid members defining a series of spaced slots therebetween and positioned upon said base member, electrically conductive outer side walls and inner side walls mounted on the base, the outer and inner side Walls with the base defining therebetween a peripheral liquid-containing chamber, the inner side walls with the base defining an inner-liquid containing chamber, a plurality of anodes fixed in the slots between said grid members upon the base member and vertically disposed within the inner chamber, a plurality of hollow, tubular, foraminous electrically-conductive metal cathodes interposed between the anodes, said tubular cathodes being horizontally disposed in the inner chamber and extending Vcompletely across the chamber at least fromV inner side wall to inner side wall, the tubes of said cathodes dening catholyte compartments therewithin, and being fixed in openings in said inner walls connecting the catholyte compartments
  • An electrolytic cell forv the electrolysis of sodium chloride brine comprising a base member, having associated therewith a plurality of electrically-conductive metallic grid members defming a series of spaced slots therebetween and positioned upon said base member, said grid members being an integral part of means extending outside said cell for electrical connection with a source of direct current, electrically conductive outer side walls and inner side Walls mounted on the base, the outer and inner side walls with the base defining therebetween a peripheral liquid-containing chamber, the inner side walls with the base defining an inner liquid-containing chamber, a plurality of anodes fixed within t-he slots between said grid members upon the base member and vertically disposed within the inner chamber, a plurality tubular, foraminous, electrically-conductive metal cathodes interposed between the anodes, said tubular cathodes being horizontally disposed in the inner chamber spaced above the base member and extending completely across the inner chamber at least vfrom inner side wall to inner side wall and defining catholyte compartments therewith
  • An electrolytic cell in'accordance with claim 2 in which the grid members are arranged in units having a plurality of tine; members per unit.
  • Anrelectrolytic cell in accordance'with claim 2 in which there Vis a layer of fusible electrically-conductive material bonding the anodes and grid members to the base member.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
US740293A 1958-06-06 1958-06-06 High amperage diaphragm cell for the electrolysis of brine Expired - Lifetime US2987463A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL239909D NL239909A (fr) 1958-06-06
US740293A US2987463A (en) 1958-06-06 1958-06-06 High amperage diaphragm cell for the electrolysis of brine
GB19165/59A GB880838A (en) 1958-06-06 1959-06-04 Improvements in or relating to electrolytic cells
BE579377A BE579377A (fr) 1958-06-06 1959-06-05 Cellule d'électrolyse des chlorures de métaux alcalins
FR796743A FR1226852A (fr) 1958-06-06 1959-06-05 Cellule d'électrolyse des chlorures de métaux alcalins
DED30814A DE1108673B (de) 1958-06-06 1959-06-05 Elektrolysezelle fuer die Chloralkalielektrolyse nach dem Diaphragmaverfahren

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US740293A US2987463A (en) 1958-06-06 1958-06-06 High amperage diaphragm cell for the electrolysis of brine

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US (1) US2987463A (fr)
BE (1) BE579377A (fr)
DE (1) DE1108673B (fr)
FR (1) FR1226852A (fr)
GB (1) GB880838A (fr)
NL (1) NL239909A (fr)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3180810A (en) * 1961-07-31 1965-04-27 Standard Oil Co Electrolytic cell and method of operation
US3342717A (en) * 1962-09-20 1967-09-19 Pullman Inc Electrochemical cell
US3390072A (en) * 1965-05-16 1968-06-25 Diamond Shamrock Corp Diaphragm electrolytic alkali halogen cell
US3432422A (en) * 1961-11-24 1969-03-11 Hooker Chemical Corp Current conducting members for electrolytic cell
US3453198A (en) * 1966-01-24 1969-07-01 Krebs & Co Ag Interconnecting coupling device for electrolysis cells
US3458411A (en) * 1964-08-31 1969-07-29 Hooker Chemical Corp Electrolytic method for electrolysis of hydrochloric acid
US3464912A (en) * 1966-05-16 1969-09-02 Hooker Chemical Corp Cathode assembly for electrolytic cell
US3496089A (en) * 1965-09-01 1970-02-17 Norsk Hydro Elektrisk Kvaelslo Electrode construction
US3498903A (en) * 1964-03-04 1970-03-03 Georgy Mikirtiechevich Kamarja Electrolytic diaphragm cell for production of chlorine,hydrogen and alkalies
US3527688A (en) * 1965-12-29 1970-09-08 Solvay Electrolytic cells
US3617461A (en) * 1968-06-03 1971-11-02 Hooker Chemical Corp Spaced anode assembly for diaphragm cells
US3674676A (en) * 1970-02-26 1972-07-04 Diamond Shamrock Corp Expandable electrodes
US3871988A (en) * 1973-07-05 1975-03-18 Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp Cathode structure for electrolytic cell
US3932261A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-01-13 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US4006067A (en) * 1973-03-05 1977-02-01 Gussack Mark C Oxidation-reduction process
US4008143A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-02-15 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US4028210A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-06-07 Olin Corporation Connection means for anode posts in electrolytic diaphragm cells
WO2019155414A1 (fr) * 2018-02-08 2019-08-15 Human Jan Peterus Production d'hydrogène et d'oxygène par électrolyse

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2368861A (en) * 1940-06-25 1945-02-06 Hooker Electrochemical Co Electrolytic cell
US2370087A (en) * 1940-09-04 1945-02-20 Hooker Electrochemical Co Electrolytic alkali halogen cells
US2447547A (en) * 1945-06-02 1948-08-24 Hooker Electrochemical Co Electrolytic alkali chlorine cell
US2666028A (en) * 1950-07-01 1954-01-12 Diamond Alkali Co Electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of brine
US2742420A (en) * 1952-05-03 1956-04-17 Diamond Alkali Co Electrolytic cell

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE594563C (fr) *

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2368861A (en) * 1940-06-25 1945-02-06 Hooker Electrochemical Co Electrolytic cell
US2370087A (en) * 1940-09-04 1945-02-20 Hooker Electrochemical Co Electrolytic alkali halogen cells
US2447547A (en) * 1945-06-02 1948-08-24 Hooker Electrochemical Co Electrolytic alkali chlorine cell
US2666028A (en) * 1950-07-01 1954-01-12 Diamond Alkali Co Electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of brine
US2742420A (en) * 1952-05-03 1956-04-17 Diamond Alkali Co Electrolytic cell

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3180810A (en) * 1961-07-31 1965-04-27 Standard Oil Co Electrolytic cell and method of operation
US3432422A (en) * 1961-11-24 1969-03-11 Hooker Chemical Corp Current conducting members for electrolytic cell
US3342717A (en) * 1962-09-20 1967-09-19 Pullman Inc Electrochemical cell
US3498903A (en) * 1964-03-04 1970-03-03 Georgy Mikirtiechevich Kamarja Electrolytic diaphragm cell for production of chlorine,hydrogen and alkalies
US3458411A (en) * 1964-08-31 1969-07-29 Hooker Chemical Corp Electrolytic method for electrolysis of hydrochloric acid
US3390072A (en) * 1965-05-16 1968-06-25 Diamond Shamrock Corp Diaphragm electrolytic alkali halogen cell
US3496089A (en) * 1965-09-01 1970-02-17 Norsk Hydro Elektrisk Kvaelslo Electrode construction
US3527688A (en) * 1965-12-29 1970-09-08 Solvay Electrolytic cells
US3453198A (en) * 1966-01-24 1969-07-01 Krebs & Co Ag Interconnecting coupling device for electrolysis cells
US3493487A (en) * 1966-05-16 1970-02-03 Hooker Chemical Corp Cathode structure for electrolytic diaphragm cell
US3464912A (en) * 1966-05-16 1969-09-02 Hooker Chemical Corp Cathode assembly for electrolytic cell
US3617461A (en) * 1968-06-03 1971-11-02 Hooker Chemical Corp Spaced anode assembly for diaphragm cells
US3674676A (en) * 1970-02-26 1972-07-04 Diamond Shamrock Corp Expandable electrodes
US4006067A (en) * 1973-03-05 1977-02-01 Gussack Mark C Oxidation-reduction process
US3871988A (en) * 1973-07-05 1975-03-18 Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp Cathode structure for electrolytic cell
US3932261A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-01-13 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US4008143A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-02-15 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US4028210A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-06-07 Olin Corporation Connection means for anode posts in electrolytic diaphragm cells
WO2019155414A1 (fr) * 2018-02-08 2019-08-15 Human Jan Peterus Production d'hydrogène et d'oxygène par électrolyse

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BE579377A (fr) 1959-10-01
NL239909A (fr)
FR1226852A (fr) 1960-08-16
GB880838A (en) 1961-10-25
DE1108673B (de) 1961-06-15

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