US2976587A - Method and device for casting steels and other ferrous compounds in ingot moulds - Google Patents

Method and device for casting steels and other ferrous compounds in ingot moulds Download PDF

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US2976587A
US2976587A US711661A US71166158A US2976587A US 2976587 A US2976587 A US 2976587A US 711661 A US711661 A US 711661A US 71166158 A US71166158 A US 71166158A US 2976587 A US2976587 A US 2976587A
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tube
ingot
mould
pouring
casting
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US711661A
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Daussan Henri Jean
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/12—Appurtenances, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to casting ferrous compounds in ingot moulds and more particularly to the casting of effervescent and killed steels, alloy steels, and the like, these compounds being hereinafter designated broadly as metals.
  • the molten metal after leaving an open hearth electric furnace, Bessemer or Thomas converter or the like comes into contact with the atmospheric. air and is charged with oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen. Moreover, depending on the treatment undergone by the molten metal up to the same time it reaches the ladle (killed or otherwise), said molten metal becomes the center of an internal gas formation the greater quantity of which is carbon monoxide in both killed and effervescent steels.
  • the CO contents can however be smaller in steels alloyed with metals such as chrome, nickel, and molybdenum. It is known that within the range of pressures which may exist in the gaseous bubbles in the molten metal bath in the course of solidifying there exists:
  • gases such as CO
  • This device comprises an elongated sheath or tube whose length substantially corresponds to the distance between the upper face of the base of the ingot mould and the bottom of the transvasation or pouring container, this tube being composed of various metals, and notably of sheet metal which becomes destroyed upon contact with the molten metal bath.
  • the present invention discloses that it is possible, in utilizing the tube described in said patent and addition, to obtain a more complete improvement of the ingots, if this tube is improved in a very simple manner. Moreover, this tube can be utilized not only in top casting but also in bottom casting.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved method of casting ferrous compounds in ingot moulds which permits not only effectively protecting the pouring jet from the oxidizing and diffusing effects of the atmospheric air, but which also avoids incorporation of this air into the molten metal bath by the trompe effect.
  • This method which employs at least one tube surrounding the jet in the manner disclosed in said patent and addition, is characterized in that it comprises, first, before pouring and at the start of pouring, obtaining an extreme vacuum in the tube and in the ingot mould and, thereafter, during the last part of the pouring and during the solidification of the ingot, effecting a suction in the tube and in the ingot mould so as to control the degasification of the poured metal by regulating the pressure of the gaseous mixture which emanates from the jet and ingot and fills the tube and ingot mould.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved device for casting ferrous compounds according to the aforementioned process.
  • This device comprises, at the upper end of a preferably metallic tube adapted to surround the pouring jet, a hollow connecting head provided with a branch connection to a source of suction, and a pressure gauge.
  • said head comprises an axial opening for the passage of the jet and is preferably arranged 'to adapt itself in a fluid-tight manner to the pouring container around said opening.
  • the tube is preferably-combined with an annular cover fixed to said'tube around its upper end so as to bear against the upper face of the ingot mould surrounding this tube.
  • the base of the tube is advantageously provided with a member adapted to ensure, prior to casting, a fluid-tight connection between the tube and the base of the ingot mould.
  • Fig. l is a vertical sectional view of a device embodying the invention, the device being in position on an ingot mould and disposed under a pouring ladle in a position corresponding to the start of the top casting;
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale of the upper part of the device of the invention disposed between the ingot mould and the ladle;
  • Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 at a later stage of the casting operation
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of the ingot mould, the ingot, and the remaining part of the tube, after casting at the end of the setting of an ingot cast from elfervescent steel;
  • Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 1 for the casting of a large forge ingot of killed steel
  • Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 1, at the start of bottom casting, the protecting tube solely protecting the rising jet inside one of the ingot moulds this bottom casting method permits filling simultaneously, and
  • Fig. 7 is a view somewhat similar to Fig. 6, showing the protection of the descending central jet of a top casting operation performed on several ingot moulds.
  • the invention is shown to be applied to the top casting of steel A from a pouring ladle B in an ingot mould C.
  • the ladle B is constituted by a metal container having a lateral wall 1 and a bottom 2 provided with refractory linings 3 and 4.
  • the bottom comprises a nozzle 5 which can be closed by a stopper-rod 6; a sheath or tube composed of refractory collars 7 protects a steel rod 8 which is screwed in the stopper or plug 6 and is: controlled by a control device 9.
  • the ladle is suspended from an overhead runway or supported on a truck so as to be brought into vertical alignment with the ingot mould C.
  • the ingot mould comprises a cylinder 10 which rests on a base 11 in fluid-tight manner through the medium of a sealing member 12.
  • the ladle B has the general shape of a body of revolution, and the ingot mould C may have any horizontal sectional shape; for example, it may be circular or be derived from a regular polygon or rectangle.
  • the improved device embodying the invention comprises a tube 13 of sheet metal (having a thickness of, for example, three millimetres for an inside diameter of amass? 4. 300- mm).
  • This tube 13 terminates at its upper end in a portion which is slightlyfrusto-conical (see Fig. 2) on which is fitted a compressible sleeve 14 composed, for example, of asbestos fabric. Fitted on frusto-comcal seatings 15 and 16 on this.
  • sleeve are an annular cover 17 and a hollow connecting head 18 respectively.
  • the cover 17 is adapted to bear, throught the medium of a sealing member 19, against the upper face 20 of the mould C on which it may be fixed by retractable hooks 20a which are operated from a distance owing to the provision of a stud 205 on which is engaged a cranked lever 20c, unless the weight of the cover 17 is suflicient to ensure that the connection therebetween and the mould is satisfactory and to ensure that the tube remains in position.
  • the cover 17 is provided with a coupling 21 which permits fixing thereto, for example by means of a bayonet coupling, a flexible pipe 22 having a tap 22:: which leads to a pump, trompe or other succhamber a, and a window 24 composed of mica or other transparent material.
  • the connecting head 18 is in the form of a sheet metal cup or box and has preferably a circular horizontal sectional shape provided with an upper outer flange 25 and an adjoining refractory sealing member 25a (Fig. 2) in contact with which is a plate 26 attached by rivets 27 or other means to the bottom 2 of the casting ladle.
  • this plate is provided with locking devices which hold the head 18 in position under the plate 26 such locking devices being, for example pivotable levers 28 which engage under the flange 25 and are moved by a lever 29
  • locking devices being, for example pivotable levers 28 which engage under the flange 25 and are moved by a lever 29
  • the head 18 is divided into two superimposed chambers b and c by a sheet metal wall 30 provided with a central aperture 31 adapted to allow the free passage of the pouring jet or stream I even if the latter has increased its diameter to J (Fig. 2) owing to wear in the aperture 32 of the nozzle 5.
  • the aperture 31 can be closed by a register 33 connected to a control rod 34 which passes through the wall of the head 18 by way of a stuffing-box 35.
  • the register comprises a sealing member 36 which is embedded in its lower face and is adapted to bear elastically against the raised edge or flange 37 of the aperture 31; two co-operating ramps 38 and 39 provided on the register 33 and on this raised edge, facilitate positioning the register on the latter.
  • the lower chamber b which freely communicates with the interior d of the tube 13 is provided with a coupling 40, for example of the bayonet type, which permits conmeeting the chamber b to a source of suction by way of a flexible pipe 41 (Fig. 1) provided with a tap 41a.
  • the chamber b is also provided with a pressure gauge 42.
  • a compressible disc 43 Disposed at the base of the tube 13 (Fig. 1) is a compressible disc 43 which is destroyed by the jet of molten metal and consists, for example, of a more or less fireproofed corrugated cardboard element wound in the form of a spiral, or any other alveolar body.
  • the purpose of this disc is to seal the connection between the tube 13 and the base 11 before casting, the tube 13 being preferably inserted at 44 in this disc.
  • Another function of the disc is to deaden or damp the impact of the pouring jet J on the base of the mould when the pouring of the same is initiated.
  • the disc also serves as a container of purifying, refining or addition products, the disc forming a float which floats on the molten metal bath around the tube 13 until it is totally destroyed which destruction is progressive if the disc is suitably 9
  • the pad or disc 43 is engaged on the lower end of the tube 13, the latter is introduced into the ingot mould, and the cover 11 is placed in position.
  • the frust'oconical flange 15 is engaged on the sleeve 14 and deforms the latter elastically.
  • the cover rests against the upper face of the mould to which it may be locked, if required, by retractable hooks 20a.
  • the cover is connected to the source of suction by the pipe 22.
  • the hollow head 18 is fixed under the ladle A.
  • the latter is brought near to the mould and lowered onto the tube 13 whose frusto-conical upper end facilitates the fitting of the head 18 which slides along the compressible sealing member 14 of the tube 13.
  • the latter is urged a little further into the disc 43.
  • the stopper b is raised, the upper end of the tube 13 is connected in a fluid-tight nonrigid manner to the lower part of the ladle A and a connection is obtained between the lower end of the tube and the base 11.
  • the pipe 41 is then connected to the coupling 40 and casting may now commence.
  • the stopper 6 is raised by the lever 9, the molten metal falls in the form of a downwardly divergent jet or stream 3 whose impact on the base of the mould is clamped by the disc 43.
  • this jet destroys the central part of the disc 43 and the peripheral part floats at 42a on the surface of the molten metal bath A (Fig. 3), in which it is very slightly immersed (its density being much lower than that of the molten metal), whereas the tube 13 progressively melts and the steel starts to set and then to solidify at A owing to the cooling effect of the wall and the base 11.
  • the pressure prevailing in the chambers a, b, c, d are controlled in somewhat different ways according to the type of metal being cast.
  • Non-killed (efifervescent) steel has a carbon content which varies in practice from 0.03 to 0.25% (these limits are given merely by way of example). It is known that during casting and until complete solidification of the ingot, a large amount of gas is given off whose major part is, as mentioned hereinbefore, CO accompanied by C0 the rest being formed of hydrogen, nitrogen and other atmospheric gases in smaller amounts.
  • This vacuum is rapidly filled owing to the gases given oif from the molten metal bath A or from the jet-I; the 'air is therefore replaced by a neutral mixture of C0, C0 N, H gases and others, and in adjusting the suction through the pipes 22 and/ or 41, there is obtained in the chamber a of the mold and in the chamber b around the jet 1 in the tube 13 desired gas pressures which are determined experimentally for a given quality of steel.
  • the pressure .gauges 23 and 42 indicate the pressures obtained at each instant.
  • the suction through the pipes 22 and/or 41 may be regulated in such manner that the gases issuing from the molten metal bath mix energetically and raise the impurities which are brought in by the pouring jet and are localized toward the center in the known manner by the float 42a (which could be, if necessary, larger in horizontal cross-section than shown in the drawings).
  • the tube 13 progressively melts as the surface of the molten metal bath A (Fig. 3) rises, but with a certain delay, so that this tube forms at its lower end a kind of hydraulic seal, the head or height h of which may be about a decimetre or more between the metal at 45 at the bottom of the tube and that situated at 46 under the float 42a.
  • This state of affairs permits increasing the mixing of the metal by means of variations in the pressures P P prevailing at a and d, permitting pressure P to be alternately greater and then less than pressure P
  • the window 24 in the cover with the aid of viewing means fixed on the end of a tube, permits closing the nozzle 5 when the molten metal reaches the desired height in the mould.
  • the aperture 31 of the head is closed with the register 33 which is shifted by means of the rod 34.
  • the head is separated from the ladle A by unlocking the locks 28, which permits removing the ladle while maintaining closed the chamber d defined by the remaining portion of the tube 13 and the chamber 0 of the hollow head remaining on the mould.
  • the hollow head 18 and the cover 17 are removed and the ingot has the form shown in Fig. 4, with the usual peripheral clearance 51 between the ingot and the expanded mould.
  • A designates the peripheral part in pure iron and A the central segregated zone.
  • the float is generally completely destroyed and is in the form of ash and sodium silicate, if it was originally a clorrugated cardboard float impregnated with this mater1a In the case of non-killed steel, it is generally unnecessary that the float be arranged to float on the molten metal bath until the end of pouring.
  • the tube 13 could be 300 mm. in diameter and be composed of mild steel sheet 2 to 3 mm. thick whose carbon content is about the same as that of the metal to be cast.
  • the ingot mould is filled within 1 /2 minutes to 2 minutes.
  • the pressure in pipe 22 and/or 41 is regulated in such manner as to maintain a pressure slightly aboveatmospheric pressure, for example ,4 of an atmosphere above, except during several seconds before and after opening the pouring nozzle, during which time the suction must be increased so that the pressure in chambers a and d drops, for example, below 10 mm.
  • the ingot moulds C comprise a dead head portion 45, that is, a heat insulating frusto-conical or troncopyramidal 'portion and the base 11a comprises a recess 46. The latter is filled by the disc 47.
  • the cover 17a is very much simplified, since in this embodiment there is no direct suction connection between the ingot mould and the exterior of the tube 13a. Apertures 48 formed in this tube put the interior d of the latter in communication with the chamber a in the mould.
  • the hollow head 18a is also simpler, the wall and the register 33 having been removed. It comprises the coupling and the pressure gauge 42.
  • the tube 13a also permits improving the structure of the metal of the ingot. This improvement is enhanced by the conjoint use of an expanding float 49 which is protected by the tube 13a so that this float, floats until the end of the pouring operation and'directs towards the center, in known manner, the impurities brought in by the pouring jet. If the jet I flowed ,freely into the mould, it would very rapidly destroy the float 49, but without the latter, the tube 13a would be powerless to moveall the impurities up to the head of the ingot.
  • the gases of the molten metal bat are produced in smaller quantities than in the case of non-killed steels, it is still of interest to effect a strong suction for a more or less long period of time before and after opening the pouring nozzle 5, so as to first remove the atmospheric air from the ingot mould through the apertures 48 and the end of the tube 130:.
  • the gases which exist in more or less large amounts (depending on the transvasation operations before the metal is received in the ladle) in the dissolved or occluded state in the molten metal, concentrate in the tube and are subjected to suetion at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, for example 10 to 20 mm. of mercury lower than the latter, until the end of the pouring operation.
  • the head of the ingot can be treated in known manner so as to avoid the central hollow, for example by the use of anti-piping powders, pads having exothermic beads and the like.
  • the jet forms a passage through the molten metal bath and emerges at 1 above said level. At this moment, the float is supposedly destroyed (the same is true for top casting).
  • the pressures are regulated as in the first case.
  • the central jet I (Fig. 7) descending from the ladle B to the casting plate 52 is protected.
  • the casting plate 52 feeds a series of ingot moulds filled in parallel by way of a series of passageways 53.
  • Fig. 7 shows only three of the ingot moulds C but their number may be greater and may even be more than 30.
  • the apparatus utilized comprises in this case a central tube forming a pouring well.
  • This tube is formed preferably of a metal body 54 which rests on the casting plate 52.
  • the inside of the tube is lined with a refractory lining 55 which is composed, for example, of superimposed collars and extends down to the various passageways 53 in the plate 52.
  • These passageways are constituted by the juxtaposition of hollow refractory bricks; at least those of the latter which are in line with the ingot moulds having one or several apertures 56 through which the molten metal of the ascending jets I pass.
  • a frusto-conical extension 57 provided for the fitting of the hollow connecting head through which the central pouring jet 3' passes.
  • the head is provided with the coupling 40 and the pressure gauge 42.
  • Each ingot mould C can be equipped in the manner shown in Fig. 6 and described hereinbefore, or, as shown by the right-hand ingot mould in Fig. 7, merely with a cover 58 which has no tube, is connected to the mould in a fluid-tight manner by means of a sealing member 59 and provided with a suction coupling 21 and a pressure gauge 23.
  • the moulds are filled in the following manner:
  • this head After the head has been fixed under the ladle B by the device 28 and connected to the source of suction, this head is fitted on the extension 57 of the tube (54 55).
  • pouring can commence.
  • the molten metal descends at J and afterwards rises in the moulds C after passing through the passageways, the molten metal level being established at each instant in a single horizontal plane in all the moulds, which are fed in parallel.
  • suction may be created, if required, in each mould through the coupling 21- of the cover 58 or through the coupling of the head of the tube if the mould is provided with a tube of the type shown in Fig. 6.
  • the degasification is checked by means of the pressure gauge23. 1.
  • each mould may be provided, as is the mould shown on the left side of Fig. 7, with a simple thin steel plate 60 which rests on the top end of the mould without provision of a sealing member, the central pouring well having of course the tube described hereinabove.
  • the plate 60 Under the etfect of the residual hot gases given ofi? from the molten metal received in each mould, the plate 60 rises slightly to allow through the gases which may be given off by the molten metal bath, unless a slight warping of this plate under the efiect of the heat allows free passage for the gases, without allowing the outside air to enter, since the high temperature prevailing in the mould results in the residual gases having sufficient pressure to prevent this, even if they do not exist in large amounts.
  • An improved process of casting a ferrous product in an ingot mould comprising the steps of: placing in the mould a sheath capable of being destroyed progressively but with a slight delay by a molten metal bath, closing the top of the ingot mould around the sheath, creating a high vacuum within said sheath and also in the ingot mould, then pouring said product into the mould by means of a pouring jet passing inside the sheath, maintaining said high vacuum at the start of the pouring, and finally, during subsequent pouring and during the setting of the ingot, efiecting separate controlled exhaust in said sheath and in the ingot mould to degasify the molten metal by regulating separately the pressures of the gaseous mixtures emanating from said pouring jet and product, respectively, in the sheath and the mould between which the sheath which is being destroyed insures a seal due to the delay in its destruction.
  • An improved process of casting ferrous products in an ingot mould comprising the steps of: placing in the mould a sheath capable of being destroyed progressively but with a slight delay by a molten metal bath, closing the top of the ingot mould around said sheath, creating a high vacuum within said sheath and also within the ingot mould, pouring said product into the mould by weans of a pouring jet passing inside the sheath, maintaining said high vacuum at the start of the pouring, and finally, during subsequent pouring and during the setting of the ingot, varying in opposite directions the pressures prevailing respectively within the sheath and the mould, the sheath insuring a sealing off of the interior of the sheath due to the slight delay in its destruction so as to cause, by means of variations in the level of the poured metal in the sheath, an agitating of said metal which enhances degasification.
  • a device for the casting in an ingot mould of a ferrous product contained in a pouring vessel comprising a lower nozzle for the passage of a pouring jet, said device comprising in combination: a sheath adapted to surround said pouring jet and composed of a material adapted for being destroyed with a slight delay by a molten metal bath, a hollow connecting head at the top of the sheath, the head including a branch pipe adapted for being coupled to a source of vacuum, the head further including a control pressure gage and having an upper orifice for fixing the head tightly to said pouring vessel around said nozzle, an annular cover fixed to said sheath around the upper end of the latter for resting on the top of the ingot mould around said sheath, means on said cover to connect the same to a source of vacuum whereby the pressure applied to the metal in the mould and metal in the sheath can be varied to agitate the same, and a retractable locking means for fixing said cover on the mould.
  • a device wherein said cover and the hollow head are provided with apertures, by means of which they are mounted in a detachable manner on the sheath.
  • a device wherein a sleeve of insulating fabric is interposed between the sheath and the apertures of the cover and the hollow head.
  • a device for the casting in an ingot mould of a ferrous product contained in a pouring vessel comprising a lower nozzle for the passage of a pouring jet
  • said device comprising in combination: a sheath adapted to surround said pouring jet and composed of a material adapted for being destroyed with a slight delay by a molten metal bath, a hollow connecting head at the top of the sheath, the head including a branch pipe adapted for being coupled to a source of vacuum, the head further including a control pressure gage and having an upper orifice for fixing the head tightly to said pouring vessel around said nozzle, an annular cover fixed to said sheath around the upper end of the latter for resting on the top of the ingot mould around said sheath, said cover being adapted to be connected to a source of vacuum, and a retractable locking means for fixing said cover on the mould; said device further comprising a transverse partition in said hollow head and dividing the same into two superposed chambers, said transverse partition having an aperture for the passage of the jet

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
US711661A 1957-02-26 1958-01-28 Method and device for casting steels and other ferrous compounds in ingot moulds Expired - Lifetime US2976587A (en)

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FR1193204X 1957-02-26

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US (1) US2976587A (xx)
BE (1) BE563044A (xx)
DE (1) DE1193204B (xx)
FR (1) FR1168680A (xx)
GB (1) GB842588A (xx)
LU (1) LU35629A1 (xx)

Cited By (9)

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US3158911A (en) * 1960-09-07 1964-12-01 Elmer G Thompson Apparatus for pouring ingots
US3292915A (en) * 1959-11-25 1966-12-20 Finkel & Sons Company A Apparatus for degassing molten metal
US3476549A (en) * 1965-12-07 1969-11-04 Arbed Process for casting of metal from a refining furnace into a ladle
US3523684A (en) * 1968-05-31 1970-08-11 United States Steel Corp Vacuum vessel with inlet closure and provision for sealing engagement with teeming ladle
US3777801A (en) * 1970-08-28 1973-12-11 Gravicast Patent Gmbh Casting apparatus
US3841385A (en) * 1972-03-01 1974-10-15 Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc Method and apparatus for teeming stream protection
US3991813A (en) * 1973-08-23 1976-11-16 Allmanna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget Melt casting apparatus
US4202401A (en) * 1978-02-22 1980-05-13 Antonov Vladimir I Apparatus for electroslag casting of heavy ingots
US5358027A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-10-25 Cmi International Vacuum-assisted gravity pour casting apparatus

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NL255929A (xx) * 1959-09-16
CN114273650A (zh) * 2021-12-06 2022-04-05 张家港广大特材股份有限公司 一种真空罐盖及具有其的真空浇注装置及浇注方法

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DE479627C (de) * 1925-12-18 1929-07-19 Daniel Larner Vorrichtung zum Giessen von Stahl in luftleer gemachte Kokillen, bei der die Giesspfanne Luftdicht auf einen Einfuelltrichter gesetzt wird, welcher eine Anzahl sich radial nach auswaerts erstreckender Ablaufroehren hat
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US917257A (en) * 1908-06-06 1909-04-06 Thomas Critchlow Process of and apparatus for casting metal.
GB212697A (en) * 1923-01-25 1924-03-20 Edward Baker Improvements relating to the casting of steel and like ingots
US1568854A (en) * 1924-08-05 1926-01-05 George E Fulton Steel-casting apparatus
US1679582A (en) * 1926-11-19 1928-08-07 James M Nelson Method of and apparatus for casting metal
US2087824A (en) * 1934-06-21 1937-07-20 Robert J Tully Metal teeming apparatus
US2117114A (en) * 1934-12-07 1938-05-10 Richard C Tuma Apparatus for casting metal
US2253421A (en) * 1938-09-20 1941-08-19 Mare Baltzar E L De Method and apparatus for deoxidizing and degasifying liquid steel
FR62755E (fr) * 1951-07-27 1955-06-20 Dispositif destiné à améliorer la coulée en lingotière des composés ferreux et installation de coulée en comportant application

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3292915A (en) * 1959-11-25 1966-12-20 Finkel & Sons Company A Apparatus for degassing molten metal
US3158911A (en) * 1960-09-07 1964-12-01 Elmer G Thompson Apparatus for pouring ingots
US3476549A (en) * 1965-12-07 1969-11-04 Arbed Process for casting of metal from a refining furnace into a ladle
US3523684A (en) * 1968-05-31 1970-08-11 United States Steel Corp Vacuum vessel with inlet closure and provision for sealing engagement with teeming ladle
US3777801A (en) * 1970-08-28 1973-12-11 Gravicast Patent Gmbh Casting apparatus
US3841385A (en) * 1972-03-01 1974-10-15 Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc Method and apparatus for teeming stream protection
US3991813A (en) * 1973-08-23 1976-11-16 Allmanna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget Melt casting apparatus
US4202401A (en) * 1978-02-22 1980-05-13 Antonov Vladimir I Apparatus for electroslag casting of heavy ingots
US5358027A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-10-25 Cmi International Vacuum-assisted gravity pour casting apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU35629A1 (xx)
DE1193204B (de) 1965-05-20
GB842588A (en) 1960-07-27
FR1168680A (fr) 1958-12-12
BE563044A (xx)

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