US2973291A - Manufacture of point bearings in instruments - Google Patents

Manufacture of point bearings in instruments Download PDF

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Publication number
US2973291A
US2973291A US635430A US63543057A US2973291A US 2973291 A US2973291 A US 2973291A US 635430 A US635430 A US 635430A US 63543057 A US63543057 A US 63543057A US 2973291 A US2973291 A US 2973291A
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wire
bearings
instruments
manufacture
temperature
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US635430A
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Reinhard Dr Straumann
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Institut Dr Ing Reinhard Straumann AG
Institut Straumann AG
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Institut Straumann AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
    • F16C17/08—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only for supporting the end face of a shaft or other member, e.g. footstep bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
    • C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
    • G04B31/004—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor characterised by the material used
    • G04B31/008—Jewel bearings
    • G04B31/0082—Jewel bearings with jewel hole and cap jewel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/0074—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment
    • G04D3/0079—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment for gearwork components
    • G04D3/0084—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials for treatment of the material, e.g. surface treatment for gearwork components for axles, sleeves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of bearing parts in the form of pointed pivots and arbors or spindles for point bearings in apparatus and instruments of all kinds.
  • point bearings are used in various apparatus and instruments, in particular in cheap watches, for the bearing arrangement of arbors or spindles.
  • arbors or spindles are pointed at their ends and supported in conical indentations or recesses of bearing stones or metallic bearings.
  • Such arbors or spindles are made of steel which is martensitically hardened by hardening processes known per se.
  • a great disadvantage of these spindles is that their quality in serious production is nonuniform so that they have to be graded in order to admit only those for final use which possess points satisfying the specific requirements.
  • arbors or spindles with uniformly hard bearing points may be made of an alloy which is not martensitically hardened when it is quenched but can be heated to more than 800 C, and then quenched to the unhardened condition, the quench being down to room temperature or higher temperature according to the alloy used.
  • These alloys are those which can be hardened by a precipitation hardening treatment.
  • the alloy thus is homogenised by annealing at more than 800 C., and is not hardened in quenching but is quenched to the unhardened condition.
  • the wire so treated subsequently is drawn down cold to strengths of more than 200 kilograms per square millimeter and to hardnesses of more than 600 Vickers.
  • Example 1 As basic material for the pointed bearing parts is used an iron-carbon alloy of the following composition: 0.93- 0.97% carbon, 0.20.4% Mn, 0.20.4% Si, and the remainder iron.
  • This basic material is annealed in wire form at about 900 C. and then quenched in a salt or .metal bath to a sorbitic state at about 500 C.
  • the wire so treated which also is known as patented wire, then is drawn down cold to a tensile strength of more than 200 kg./mm. and to a hardness of more than 600 Vickers. From this colddeformed wire are worked out the bearing parts which are then precipitation hardened by being heat-treated at about 250 C. Thus are obtained bearing parts of which the pivot points have a strength of more than 200 kg./mm. and a hardness of more than 600 Vickers.
  • Example 2 The pointed bearing parts made according to Example 1 are very good as regards breaking strength, but are susceptible to rust and magnetic. It is possible, however, to make arbors of this kind after the same method or process, which are non-magnetic and rustproof, if the basic material is a precipitation hardenable alloy which is noncorrosive, only slightly magnetic or outright non-magnetic.
  • a suitable alloy is: 40-50% Co, 10-20% Cr, about 5% Mo, about 5% W, 02-04% Be, 0.81.2% Ti, about 2% Mn+Si, 0-10% Fe, and the remainder Ni.
  • breakand rustproof and slightly magnetic alloys may be used.
  • the alloy set out in Example 2 is annealed in wire form at about 1100 C. and quenched to the soft condition at room temperature.
  • the wire so treated is cold-deformed to a strength of at least 200 kg./mm.
  • From this Wire are worked out the pointed pivots, arbors or spindles which then are precipitation hardened by being heat-treated at 400-500 C. during a period of one hour to four hours.
  • the bearing parts so made have a strength of more than 200 kg./mm. and a hardness of more than 650 Vickers.
  • the heat treatment at 400-500 C. may be carried out on the wire itself instead of an the worked-out bearing parts.
  • Sleeves made of a softer material such as brass, argentan or German silver, beryllium bronze and the like may be mounted on wires which have been treated according to the examples set out above. From this compound wire, which comprises a core and a sleeve, arbors or spindles provided with hearing points may be worked out. In such arbors or spindles, therefore, only the pointed wire core has the high degree of hardening and the high mechanical strength mentioned above, which is of advantage insofar as these arbors or spindles may be machined more easily.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arbor or spindle a having bearing points a at both ends
  • Fig. 2 shows a pivot b provided with a bearing point b
  • Fig. 3 again shows an arbor or spindle which, as mentioned above, consists of a compound wire in which 0 is the wire core with pointed bearings c and both ends, and d is the sleeve mounted on core 0 and consisting of a softer metal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)

Description

Feb. 28, 1961 R. STRAUMANN 2,973,291
MANUFACTURE OF POINT BEARINGS IN INSTRUMENTS Filed Jan. 22, 1957 Fig.1
Fig.3 c
INVENTOR R. STRAUMANN Wm, flw mi BY AH'SB.
United States MANUFACTURE OF POINT BEARINGS 1N INSTRUMENTS Reinhard Straumann, Waldenburg, Switzerland, assignor to Institut Dr. Ing. Reinhard Straumann A.G., Basel- Compagne, Switzerland The present invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of bearing parts in the form of pointed pivots and arbors or spindles for point bearings in apparatus and instruments of all kinds.
As known, point bearings are used in various apparatus and instruments, in particular in cheap watches, for the bearing arrangement of arbors or spindles. For this purpose, the latter are pointed at their ends and supported in conical indentations or recesses of bearing stones or metallic bearings. Such arbors or spindles are made of steel which is martensitically hardened by hardening processes known per se. A great disadvantage of these spindles is that their quality in serious production is nonuniform so that they have to be graded in order to admit only those for final use which possess points satisfying the specific requirements.
It has been found, as disclosed in the present invention, that arbors or spindles with uniformly hard bearing points may be made of an alloy which is not martensitically hardened when it is quenched but can be heated to more than 800 C, and then quenched to the unhardened condition, the quench being down to room temperature or higher temperature according to the alloy used. These alloys are those which can be hardened by a precipitation hardening treatment. The alloy thus is homogenised by annealing at more than 800 C., and is not hardened in quenching but is quenched to the unhardened condition. The wire so treated subsequently is drawn down cold to strengths of more than 200 kilograms per square millimeter and to hardnesses of more than 600 Vickers. From the cold-deformed wire then are Worked out the bearing parts, for example ground out, as desired in the form of pivots pointed at one end or in the form of arbors pointed at both ends. In order to still further improve the mechanical strength of the bearing parts, either the wire prior to the working-out operation or the worked-out bearing parts are yet subjected to a precipitation hardening between 200 and 600 C.
The following examples serve to elucidate the method or process disclosed by the present invention.
Example 1 As basic material for the pointed bearing parts is used an iron-carbon alloy of the following composition: 0.93- 0.97% carbon, 0.20.4% Mn, 0.20.4% Si, and the remainder iron.
This basic material is annealed in wire form at about 900 C. and then quenched in a salt or .metal bath to a sorbitic state at about 500 C. The wire so treated, which also is known as patented wire, then is drawn down cold to a tensile strength of more than 200 kg./mm. and to a hardness of more than 600 Vickers. From this colddeformed wire are worked out the bearing parts which are then precipitation hardened by being heat-treated at about 250 C. Thus are obtained bearing parts of which the pivot points have a strength of more than 200 kg./mm. and a hardness of more than 600 Vickers.
Instead of undertaking the heat treatment on the Example 2 The pointed bearing parts made according to Example 1 are very good as regards breaking strength, but are susceptible to rust and magnetic. It is possible, however, to make arbors of this kind after the same method or process, which are non-magnetic and rustproof, if the basic material is a precipitation hardenable alloy which is noncorrosive, only slightly magnetic or outright non-magnetic. A suitable alloy is: 40-50% Co, 10-20% Cr, about 5% Mo, about 5% W, 02-04% Be, 0.81.2% Ti, about 2% Mn+Si, 0-10% Fe, and the remainder Ni.
However, other breakand rustproof and slightly magnetic alloys may be used.
The alloy set out in Example 2 is annealed in wire form at about 1100 C. and quenched to the soft condition at room temperature. The wire so treated is cold-deformed to a strength of at least 200 kg./mm. From this Wire are worked out the pointed pivots, arbors or spindles which then are precipitation hardened by being heat-treated at 400-500 C. during a period of one hour to four hours. The bearing parts so made have a strength of more than 200 kg./mm. and a hardness of more than 650 Vickers. Here also, the heat treatment at 400-500 C. may be carried out on the wire itself instead of an the worked-out bearing parts.
Sleeves made of a softer material such as brass, argentan or German silver, beryllium bronze and the like may be mounted on wires which have been treated according to the examples set out above. From this compound wire, which comprises a core and a sleeve, arbors or spindles provided with hearing points may be worked out. In such arbors or spindles, therefore, only the pointed wire core has the high degree of hardening and the high mechanical strength mentioned above, which is of advantage insofar as these arbors or spindles may be machined more easily.
A few embodiments or bearing parts made in accordance with the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawing, in which- Fig. 1 shows an arbor or spindle a having bearing points a at both ends; Fig. 2 shows a pivot b provided with a bearing point b and Fig. 3 again shows an arbor or spindle which, as mentioned above, consists of a compound wire in which 0 is the wire core with pointed bearings c and both ends, and d is the sleeve mounted on core 0 and consisting of a softer metal.
I claim:
1. A process for the production of bearings from a wire of a heat hardenable cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy having a composition:
40-50%. Cr 10-20%. Mo About 5%. W About 5%. Be 0.20.4%. Ti 0.8-1.2%. Mn+Si About 2%. Fe 0l0%. Ni Remainder.
comprising the steps of homogenizing the Wire at a temperature of 1100" C., quenching the wire to atmospheric temperature to the unhardened condition, cold drawing the quenched wire to a strength of at least 200 kg./mm. and a hardness of 600 Vickers, and heat hardening the drawn wire at a temperature of from 400 to 500 C.--andcutting it into'short lengths --int he form FOREIGN PATENTS of bearin s having pointed ends.
2. A p i'ocess as claimed'in claim 1 in which the step 480487 Canada 1952 "of 'heat hardening is-carried-out preceding the' tep 6f OTHER REFERENCES cutting the wire into bearings. 5
3. A process "as claimed in claim l 'in whih'the "step The g a f? and Propemes 9 Steel by ofheat harde'ning is carried out f'ter thestep o'f cutting Pomp Enghshiedltloni pages to cially pages 214 and 218. the Wlre mto bearings. v The Manufacture and Properties of Steel Wire, by
ReferencesCxted m the file of this patent 10 Pam? English Edition 1954 g95 99 UNITED STATES PATENTS The Mainspring, August 1953,,pages 1-5.
The lournal of the Iron and Steel Institute, vol. 132. 1,881,997 Browne 'Oct.'-11,-1932 No. 2, l935,'pages 143165. 2,072,910 "Touce'da Mar. 9, 1937 An Introduction to X-Ray Metallography, by 'A. 2,072,911 Touceda --Mar. 9, 1937 15 Taylor, pub. bylohn Wiley and Sons Inc., N.Y., 1952,
2,527,521 Bloom 'Oct. 3, 1950 pages 273-274.

Claims (1)

1. A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BEARINGS FROM A WIRE OF A HEAT HARDENABLE COBALT-CHEOMIUM-NICKEL ALLOY HAVING A COMPOSITION: CO 40-50%. CR 10-20%. MO ABOUT 5%. W ABOUT 5%. BE 0.2-0.4%. TI 0.8-1.2%. MN+SI 0-10%. FE 0-10%. NI REMAINDER. COMPRISING THE STEPS OF HOMOGENIZING THE WIRE OF AT A TEMPERATURE OF 1100*C., QUENCHING THE WIRE TO ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE TO THE UNHARDENED CONDITION, COLD DRAWING THE QUENCHED WIRE TO A STRENGTH OF AT LEAST 200 KG./MM.2 AND A HARDNESS OF 600 VICKERS, AND HEAT HARDENING THE DRAWN WIRE AT A TEMPERATURE OF FROM 400 TO 500*C. AND CUTTING IT INTO SHORT LENGTHS IN THE FORM OF BEARINGS HAVING POINTED ENDS.
US635430A 1957-06-07 1957-01-22 Manufacture of point bearings in instruments Expired - Lifetime US2973291A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH341442A CH341442A (en) 1957-06-07 1957-06-07 Process for the production of shafts provided with bearing points for point bearings in apparatus and instruments

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CH (1) CH341442A (en)
DE (1) DE1166230B (en)
FR (1) FR1165357A (en)
NL (1) NL104084C (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3211774A (en) * 1963-01-22 1965-10-12 Du Pont Process for preparing aromatic esters of chloroformic acid
US4115156A (en) * 1975-02-10 1978-09-19 Institut Dr. Ing. Reinhard Straumann Ag Method of manufacturing a bearing part
US12006556B2 (en) 2020-02-04 2024-06-11 Rolex Sa Method for heat treating a horological component

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2155860A1 (en) * 1971-10-11 1973-05-25 Pissarevsky Gregory Precision cast watch case - made of cobalt-chromium alloy

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1881997A (en) * 1930-01-02 1932-10-11 Vere B Browne Method of making noncorrodible springs
US2072910A (en) * 1935-05-17 1937-03-09 Cons Car Heating Co Inc Alloy
US2072911A (en) * 1935-05-17 1937-03-09 Cons Car Heating Co Inc Alloy
US2527521A (en) * 1947-01-10 1950-10-31 Armco Steel Corp Spring and method
CA480487A (en) * 1952-01-22 E. Harder Oscar Cobalt-chromium-nickel-base alloy

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA480487A (en) * 1952-01-22 E. Harder Oscar Cobalt-chromium-nickel-base alloy
US1881997A (en) * 1930-01-02 1932-10-11 Vere B Browne Method of making noncorrodible springs
US2072910A (en) * 1935-05-17 1937-03-09 Cons Car Heating Co Inc Alloy
US2072911A (en) * 1935-05-17 1937-03-09 Cons Car Heating Co Inc Alloy
US2527521A (en) * 1947-01-10 1950-10-31 Armco Steel Corp Spring and method

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3211774A (en) * 1963-01-22 1965-10-12 Du Pont Process for preparing aromatic esters of chloroformic acid
US4115156A (en) * 1975-02-10 1978-09-19 Institut Dr. Ing. Reinhard Straumann Ag Method of manufacturing a bearing part
US12006556B2 (en) 2020-02-04 2024-06-11 Rolex Sa Method for heat treating a horological component

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Publication number Publication date
FR1165357A (en) 1958-10-21
CH341442A (en) 1959-09-30
DE1166230B (en) 1964-03-26
NL104084C (en) 1963-03-15

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