US2971115A - Electron tube apparatus - Google Patents

Electron tube apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2971115A
US2971115A US831178A US83117859A US2971115A US 2971115 A US2971115 A US 2971115A US 831178 A US831178 A US 831178A US 83117859 A US83117859 A US 83117859A US 2971115 A US2971115 A US 2971115A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
tube apparatus
electron tube
emitter
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US831178A
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English (en)
Inventor
Richard B Nelson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Varian Medical Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Varian Associates Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL300306D priority Critical patent/NL300306A/xx
Priority claimed from US515327A external-priority patent/US2944187A/en
Priority to DEV10751A priority patent/DE1114946B/de
Priority to DEV13842A priority patent/DE1120611B/de
Priority to DEV13840A priority patent/DE1187739B/de
Priority to GB41159/58A priority patent/GB836872A/en
Priority to GB18170/56A priority patent/GB836871A/en
Priority to FR1154705D priority patent/FR1154705A/fr
Application filed by Varian Associates Inc filed Critical Varian Associates Inc
Priority to US831178A priority patent/US2971115A/en
Priority to US831777A priority patent/US3069590A/en
Publication of US2971115A publication Critical patent/US2971115A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/06—Cavity resonators

Definitions

  • This invention relates, in general, to electron tube apparatus and, in particular, to novel electron tube apparatus of the type employing cavity resonators such as, for example, high power klystron tubes utilized in systems found in radar, navigation beacons and linear accelerators, etc.
  • the present invention has been divided out of an earlier filed application for Electron Tube Apparatus, Serial No. 515,327, filed June 14, 1955.
  • One feature of this invention is a novel take-apart joint allowing the joined elements to be separated and then reassembled without the necessity of cleaning the prior adhesive material from the joint thereby preserving the previously acquired alignment.
  • Another feature of this invention is a novel cathode button support which prevents microphonics and increases thermal efficiency.
  • a further feature of this invention is a novel system of stiffener plates and strengtheners which maintain proper alignment and rigidity of the apparatus under adverse shock, vibration and temperature conditions thereby materially contributing to stable electrical performance.
  • Fig. l is an elevational view partly in section showing the assembled electron tube apparatus of this invention
  • Fig. 2 is a fragmentary side elevation of the structure of Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 is a cross sectional elevational view of the cathode assembly taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view of Fig. 3 showing the cathode take-apart joint
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the novel cathode button support
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged part sectional view taken along line 6-6 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the ar rows, and
  • Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken along line 77 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.
  • the novel tube apparatus comprises a cathode structure 1, resonators 2, 3, 4 and 5 and a collector assembly 6.
  • Signal energy to be amplified is supplied to the first resonator 2 via a concentric line input 7 and amplified in successive resonators 3 and 4.
  • the amplified signal is extracted from the output resonator 5 and propagated to the load through waveguide 8.
  • the cathode is immersed in an oil bath contained within a tank 9 to prevent arc-overs in the external cathode region.
  • Surrounding the resonators is an electrical coil 11 for creating a strong magnetic field to confine the electron beam in the resonator region.
  • a source of electrons is supported from and contained within an evacuated cathode envelope 12.
  • Comprising the cathode envelope are a plurality of tubular segments 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21 and 22 joined together at their ends.
  • tubular segments 16, 19 and 22 are of good insulating material as of glass to allow independent operating potentials to be applied to certain portions of the cathode assembly.
  • Tubular segments 13 and 14 are made of materials having a high magnetic permeability as of steel to provide shielding of the cathode from magnetic fields in the cathode vicinity.
  • the cathode envelope is closed at its lower end by a bottom cup 23 and at its upward end is securely held by pole piece 24.
  • a novel take-apart joint between cathode envelope segments 13 and 14 is provided (see Fig. 4).
  • proper longitudinal alignment of the lower cathode structure is obtained through the upper horizontal interface.
  • Correct transverse alignment of the cathode is obtained through the vertical interface.
  • Interposedl between these two interfaces is an area of mutually opposing surfaces which are noncontacting, that is, the opposing faces are spaced apart. These surfaces are spaced apart to create a void which destroys the capillary action tending to draw the adhesive substance 25 from its applied region through the horizontal interface and onto the vertical interface. If the void is not provided adhesive material will contaminate a greater portion of the interfaces.
  • the present novel joint design allows the cathode to be removed, worked on and replaced without expending unnecessary time in cleaning the joint, meanwhile preserving the previously acquired proper transverse alignment.
  • cathode flange 26 Encircling the cathode envelope at segment 17 and fixedly secured thereto is a novel annular cathode flange 26.
  • the cathode flange is of heavier construction and serves to strengthen the more fragile cathode envelope.
  • cathode flange 26 serves as a bumper protector for the glass insulator 16.
  • the internal cathode structure is shown in detail in Fig. 3.
  • Contained within the cathode envelope 12 is preferably a concave cathode emitter 35 having an annular focus ring 36 positioned slightly in front of said button and carried by a tubular focus shield 37 which in turn is supported from the cathode envelope by focus shield support 38.
  • Fixedly secured to the cathode focusing ring 36 and extending downwardly therefrom is a novel tubular cathode emitter support 39 (see Fig. 5) having slots running longitudinally thereof thereby creating a plurality of fingers 41.
  • Also carried by the focus shield 37 is an annular double partition heat shield 42 (Fig. 3).
  • the present novel cathode construction features a cathode emitter surrounded by a plurality of partitions all serving to retain the heat energy within the cathode emitter region thereby substantially increasing thermal efficiency.
  • the cathode emitter support 39 is particularly unique in that the longitudinal slots serve to inhibit heat conduction while the finger portions" 41 reflect the'heat' energy back to the cathode emitter. It has been found that certain fingers may be cut out to aid in evacuation of the inner cathode regions without substantially impairing thermal efficiency.
  • a second embodiment of the novel cathode emitter support 39' has certain fingers bent outwardly a short distance to substantially a condition of constant diameter for those portions of the tubular member, leaving a plurality of convergent fingers. This novel design further prevents heat loss by conduction since fewer fingers make contact with the cathode emitter.
  • the cathode emitter 35 is rigidly secured to the extremitites of certain of the button support fingers.
  • Heating the cathode emitter 35, a double spiral wound filament 43 is supported upon three support rods, longer heater lead 44, short heater lead 45 and center support 46. Since center support 46 carries no current it is insulated electrically from the heater filament 43 through insulator 47. Extending into the insulator and connecting directly to the filament, is heater support 48. Providing base supports for short heater lead 45 and filament center support 46 are two circular plates, heater support flange 49 and getter flange 51 respectively, said flanges being rigidly secured to the cathode envelope 12. Long heater lead 44 extends downwardly through noncontacting openings in heater support flange 49 and getter flange 51 and anchors on bottom cup 23. i
  • a plurality of reentrant type cavity resonators 2, 3, 4 and 5 are spaced along thick-walled cylindrical drift tubes 52.
  • Spiraling around the drift tubes is a cooling coil 53 through which is circulated a coolantto carry away heat generated in the drift tube vicinity.
  • Encircling and securely afiixed to the drift tube substantially at either end thereof are two magnetic pole pieces, cathode pole piece 24 and anode pole piece 54.
  • a plurality of stiffener plates 55 likewise encircle the drift tube and are spaced apart in the drift tube midsection. interconnecting the pole pieces and stiffener plates are a plurality ofstiifener rods 56 which are rigidly secured to the stiffener plates as by brazing.
  • the aforementioned magnetic pole pieces 24 and 54 are constructed of a material of high magnetic permeability such as, for example, iron.
  • the stilfener rods 56 and plates 55 could be constructed of a non-magnetic variety of stainless steel.
  • electrons are emitted from the cathode focused into a beam by the focusing electrode 36 and accelerated through the drift tube.
  • the signal to be amplified is fed into the input cavity 2 where the beam is velocity modulated.
  • the modulated beam travels down the drift tube it is further modulated by the intermediate bunching cavities 3 and 4, while within the drift tube the beam is confined in diameter against forces tending to spread the beam, such as space charge forces, by the magnetic field lines supplied by the focusing coils 11, said lines of flux being parallel to the drift tube in this region.
  • the output cavity extracts electromagnetic energy from the modulated beam and said energy is then coupled out of the output cavity through iris 74 (see Fig. 7) and propagated through waveguide 8- and window 75 to the load.
  • Tuning of the tube is obtained by a movable'wall type tuning plunger which is movable within the resonator by rotation of a worm shaft, not shown, which operates upon actuating rod 66 which in turn cooperates throughpinion” 65 "to cause tuner rack support and-attached plunger and diaphragm to move in and out of the cavity thereby changing the resonant frequency of-said cavity.
  • a vacuum tight takeapart joint comprising two tubular segments of the cathode envelope having a pair of mutually opposing surfaces and adapted to be sealed together via the intermediary of a sealing material, certain portions of said opposing surfaces forming a longitudinal aligning interface, certain other portions of said opposing surfaces at right angles to said longitudinal aligning interface forming a transverse aligning interface, and portions of said opposing surfaces disposed between said longitudinal and said transverse aligning interfaces spaced apart to create a void therebetween to prevent contamination of the aligning surfaces by sealing material.
  • a cathode emitter support comprising a tubular support having slots at one end running longitudinally therein forming a plurality of fingers, and only certain of said fingers converging inwardly and physically coupled and electrically conductively connected to the cathode emitter thereby rigidly supporting the emitter in a substantially microphonic free manner.
  • a cathode emitter support comprising a tubular support slotted such as to form a plurality of fingers, and certain of said fingers physically coupled and electrically conductively connected to the cathode emitter, and the cathode emitter supported from said fingers in enveloping relationship whereby the emitter is substantially contained within said tubular support thereby minimizing the escape of radiant heat energy and serving to retain the energy within the vicinity of the cathode emitter thereby increasing the emission efficiency in use.
  • an elongated rigid tubular vacuum envelope containing the beam-field interaction spaces therewithin, strengthening plate means disposed transversely of and rigidly coupled to said elongated tubular envelope, and strengthening rod means rigidly coupled to said strengthening plate means andrunning longitudinally of said rigid'elong'ated envelope toprovide a rigid integral structure thereby minimizing unwanted microphonics and preventing shock and vibrational distortions of the electron tube apparatus.
  • said elongated rigid tubular vacuum envelope comprises a thick-walled tubular segment forming the drift tube portion of the electron tube apparatus, a' tubular segment of thinner wall construction than said drift tubesegment forming a cavity resonator portion for containing theelectromagnetic fields of the tube apparatus in use, and wherein said strengthening plate means are carried upon said thick-walled drift tube segments whereby the relatively large mass of the drift tube segments is rigidly supported to thereby prevent unwanted microphonics in vibrational environments.
  • the cathode emitter includes a tubular member portionhaving a first and second end portion and being closed at said first end portion by a wall having a concave surface forming an electron emitting surface of the emitter, said emitter support fingers having free end portions, and said tubular member portion of the cathode emitter and said emitter support fingers being fixedly physically and electrically connected together at the free ends of said certain emitter support fingers and substantially at the vsecond end of said tubular cathode member for minimizing conduction of thermal energy from said cathode emitter in use.

Landscapes

  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
  • Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
US831178A 1955-06-14 1959-08-03 Electron tube apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2971115A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL300306D NL300306A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1955-06-14
DEV13842A DE1120611B (de) 1955-06-14 1956-06-09 Elektronenstrahlroehre, insbesondere Laufzeitroehre, deren Vakuumhuelle zwei loesbar iteinander verbundene rohrfoermige metallische Teile aufweist
DEV13840A DE1187739B (de) 1955-06-14 1956-06-09 Langgestreckte Laufzeitroehre mit einer versteiften Vakuumhuelle
DEV10751A DE1114946B (de) 1955-06-14 1956-06-09 Abstimmanordnung fuer Elektronenroehren
GB41159/58A GB836872A (en) 1955-06-14 1956-06-12 Improvements in or relating to velocity modulation electron tubes
GB18170/56A GB836871A (en) 1955-06-14 1956-06-12 Velocity modulation electron tube apparatus
FR1154705D FR1154705A (fr) 1955-06-14 1956-06-13 Nouveau tube à décharge électronique
US831178A US2971115A (en) 1955-06-14 1959-08-03 Electron tube apparatus
US831777A US3069590A (en) 1955-06-14 1959-08-05 Electron tube apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US515327A US2944187A (en) 1955-06-14 1955-06-14 Electron tube apparatus
US831178A US2971115A (en) 1955-06-14 1959-08-03 Electron tube apparatus
US831777A US3069590A (en) 1955-06-14 1959-08-05 Electron tube apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2971115A true US2971115A (en) 1961-02-07

Family

ID=27414597

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US831178A Expired - Lifetime US2971115A (en) 1955-06-14 1959-08-03 Electron tube apparatus
US831777A Expired - Lifetime US3069590A (en) 1955-06-14 1959-08-05 Electron tube apparatus

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US831777A Expired - Lifetime US3069590A (en) 1955-06-14 1959-08-05 Electron tube apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US2971115A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (3) DE1114946B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1154705A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (2) GB836872A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL300306A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3227906A (en) * 1962-05-02 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Cathode support and heat shielding structure for electron gun
US3248542A (en) * 1962-03-08 1966-04-26 Hilger & Watts Ltd Electron beam devices having plural chambers designed to be assembled and disassembled
US5374873A (en) * 1991-06-14 1994-12-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gyrotron apparatus having vibration absorbing means
CN104124124A (zh) * 2014-08-06 2014-10-29 中国科学院电子学研究所 线包磁聚焦强流电子注传输过程模拟测量系统
US20230119010A1 (en) * 2021-10-20 2023-04-20 Applied Materials, Inc. Linear accelerator coil including multiple fluid channels

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3076116A (en) * 1959-09-21 1963-01-29 Eitel Mccullough Inc Klystron apparatus
US3227915A (en) * 1960-10-17 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Fluid cooling of hollow tuner and radio frequency probe in klystron
US3153738A (en) * 1961-04-26 1964-10-20 Machlett Lab Inc Cooling system for anode sections separated by cylindrical X-ray window
GB1511093A (en) * 1976-02-05 1978-05-17 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Klystron amplifiers
CN113361076B (zh) * 2021-05-17 2022-07-29 电子科技大学 一种行波管高效率收集极的设计方法

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2106768A (en) * 1934-09-25 1938-02-01 American Telephone & Telegraph Filter system for high frequency electric waves
US2106769A (en) * 1935-08-23 1938-02-01 American Telephone & Telegraph Transmission of guided waves
US2342897A (en) * 1939-08-10 1944-02-29 Rca Corp Electron discharge device system
BE473833A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1939-12-14
USRE22587E (en) * 1940-11-20 1945-01-02 Fixed frequency difference
DE968098C (de) * 1943-06-25 1958-01-16 Telefunken Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer loesbaren vakuumdichten Verbindung, insbesondere fuer elektrische Entladungsgefaesse
NL152353B (nl) * 1949-03-26 Eerste Nl Fab Manometers Bewakingsinrichting voor een verwarmingsketel.
GB729812A (en) * 1949-09-22 1955-05-11 Sperry Corp Improvements in or relating to high-frequency electron-discharge tubes
BE510746A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1951-04-19 1900-01-01
US2701321A (en) * 1951-07-16 1955-02-01 Sperry Corp Adjustable magnetic focusing system for beam tubes
US2807746A (en) * 1954-02-23 1957-09-24 Varian Associates Electron tube apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3248542A (en) * 1962-03-08 1966-04-26 Hilger & Watts Ltd Electron beam devices having plural chambers designed to be assembled and disassembled
US3227906A (en) * 1962-05-02 1966-01-04 Eitel Mccullough Inc Cathode support and heat shielding structure for electron gun
US5374873A (en) * 1991-06-14 1994-12-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Gyrotron apparatus having vibration absorbing means
CN104124124A (zh) * 2014-08-06 2014-10-29 中国科学院电子学研究所 线包磁聚焦强流电子注传输过程模拟测量系统
US20230119010A1 (en) * 2021-10-20 2023-04-20 Applied Materials, Inc. Linear accelerator coil including multiple fluid channels
US11985756B2 (en) * 2021-10-20 2024-05-14 Applied Materials, Inc. Linear accelerator coil including multiple fluid channels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US3069590A (en) 1962-12-18
NL300306A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB836872A (en) 1960-06-09
DE1114946B (de) 1961-10-12
DE1120611B (de) 1961-12-28
GB836871A (en) 1960-06-09
FR1154705A (fr) 1958-04-16
DE1187739B (de) 1965-02-25

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