US2960732A

US2960732A - Multistory building

Info

Publication number: US2960732A
Application number: US687939A
Authority: US
Inventors: Esa M Khoury
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1957-10-03
Filing date: 1957-10-03
Publication date: 1960-11-22
Anticipated expiration: 1977-11-22

Description

Nov. 22, 1960 2,960,732

E. M. KHOURY MULTISTORY BUILDING Filed 0013. 3, 1957 5 Sheets-Shea?l l Esp M. Kfm/ey,

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Nov. 22, 1960 E. M. KHouRY 2,960,732

MuLTrsToRY BUILDING Filed oct. s, 1957 s sheets-sheet 2 INVENTOR.

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United States Patent O MULTISTORY BUILDING Esa M. Khoury, 20401 Napa St., Canoga Park, Calif.

Filed Oct. 3, 1957, Ser. No. 687,939

7 Claims. (Cl. 201.13)

This invention has to do with multistory buildings embodying ramp means whereby motor vehicles can be driven from one floor to another and particularly to buildings "of this nature which are used for the parking of vehicles.

An lobject of the invention is to provide a simple, novel, improved and easily constructed multistory or multideck building particularly suitable for use as a garage for storage or parking of automobiles.

Another object is to provide a building structure wherein a pair of complementary sections of each oor are inclined or warped in a novel manner to provide unique ramp means from oor to oor. l n

A further object is to provide a multistory building embodying a novel warped floor or deck construction which in one form enables the oorlevels on at least three sides of a rectangular'building, and in another form on all four sides of sucha building, to be kept level thereby providing a building with horizontal exterior.` lines. v

i In recent years, there appears to be a trend toward tall office and hotel buildings with parking oors -or decks associated with the buildings both above and below the surface of the ground, with the otlice or hotel portion of the structure projecting up from the center of the parking area. Where such is the ease, horizontal lines become very important on all four sides, particularly where an entire city block or other large rectangular area is involved. It is a particular object of my invention to provide a warped deck type of structure which permits the architect to include the garage as a part of the building with horizontal exterior lines and without' unsightly ramps or separate spiral ramps which take up much parking area. It is a further object to provide a warped deck or iloor construction which may be conned to the interior of thebuilding and thereby permit drive and parking space around a level perimeter .area of each floor. The horizontal exterior lines attained `by such a building are a desirable feature in the design of city-block parking structures, permitting this type of structure to t into the surrounding architecture. The level perimeter area of each floor of the structure outwardly of the warped area may be used either for olce space or for vehicle storage, and thus the perimeter area,

lbeing level, will blend in with the rest of the building irrespective of the use to which it is put.

A further object is to provide a warped deck construction n the form of a hyperbolic paraboloid, which, although it may appear difficult to build, is actually simple since it can be laid out with straight `lines extending in two directions, as will later appear. Once one deck or oor is constructed in place, succeeding decks or oors are exactly one story height apart in elevation at any point. This being the case, all the shoring needed for a concrete oor can be cut the same height and used for the entirearea. Also, since my warped deck can `be designed and constructed with straight lines, it can -be readily constructed with steel felice the entire oor, including the ramp means in the formV of warped sections, can be constructed at one time. In ordinary types of building, the ramps are separately constructed apart from the floors.

Another object is to provide a novel structure designed for a' parking garage to occupy an entire city block or other large rectangular area and embodying warped floor sections which provide two main regions for the travel of motor vehicles from floor to floor, thereby enabling the use of one region for the travel of cars upwardly, and the other, for the travel of cars downwardly. Another object is to provide a construction which makes for minimum slope or grade, and one which provides for the parking' or vstorage of vehicles within the area of travel of the vehicles in ascending orA descending.

A still fur-ther object is to provide a warped lloor` section, or deck multistory garage building which has certain advantages in resisting lateral loads; In this connection, it is an object to provide a construction embodying a'pair of sections which are separated at their inner edges and may be separated by any desired amount provide access means for pedestrians such as elevators, escalators or steps. Y

These and other objects will be apparent from the drawings and the following description. Referring to` the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a building embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the upper floor of the building,`

partially broken away;

Figs. 3 and 4 are sectional views on

lines v3

3 and 4 4, respectively, of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of a modified form of the invention;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the upper oor of the structure shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view on lines 7-7 of Fig. 6; and,

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view of a typical warped section.

More particularly describing the invention, referring lirst to Figs. 1-4, I show in Fig. l several lloors or decks 11 of a rectangular multistory building as they appear in perspective. The oors may be supported in vertically spaced relation upon suitable columns 12 or in any other conventional manner. Each oor comprises an outer marginal level section or area, this being designated 15 along one side of the building and designated 15 at each end thereof. These level sections 15 and 15' are all at the same elevation for each floor and are connected to the oors above and below by an .inclined lloor area or section 17 which runs along the other side of the building. The inclined area 17 Vmay be arbitrarily divided into two

parts

17a and 17b, with the part 17a of one floor being connected to and forming a continuation of the part 17b of the next lower door.

It is a particular feature of my invention that each oor is provided with a pair of aligned sections designated 20A and 20B, which I will term warped sections. These sections adjoin the sections 15 and 15' along the margins designated by

broken lines

21 and 22. However, the two

sections

20A and 20B are oppositely inclined or warped toward the adjacent corners designated 25 and 26, respectively. Thus, section 20A declines Y toward its corner 25 while Section 20B inclines upwardlyl to its corner 26. Section 20A slopes straight upwardly along the broken line Z8 where it joins the inclined section 17a. Also, its inner edge 29 slopes upwardly in a straight line to section 15.

Each

warped floor section

20A and 20B may be described as a hyperbolic paraboloid. While at first impression, this might seem difficult to construct, in reality it iseasy, since the section can be constructed throughout with straight lines. This is illustrated in Fig. 8, where, by way of illustration, I show the simplicity of the form involved. Referring to Fig. 8, the four

lines

30, 31, 32 and 33 dene the boundaries of a rectangular, horizontally disposed plane, the view being drawn in perspective. The

lines

30, 31, 34 and 35 indicate the boundaries of a so'called warped section, the lines 34 and 35' converging at the lowest portion or corner of the section, vertically below the intersection of

lines

32 and 33. The lines 34' and 35 are straight, inclined lines disposed in planes normal to each other, andV in planes common to the

lines

32 and 33, respectively. In like manner, any straight line 37 in a plane at right angles to line 30 and intersecting line 34 defines the surface of the warped section along such line. Also, any straight line 38 in a plane at right angles to line 31 and intersecting line 35 defines the surface of the warped section along such line. It will be apparent, of course, that the surface bounded by the

lines

30, 31, 34 and 35, although straight along any of

lines

37 or 38, or ones parallel thereto, is curved along any line diagonal thereto, the curvature being such that Vthe surface is, in reality, a hyperbolic paraboloid.

Since section 20B is warped oppositely to section 20A, and thus in inclined or warped upwardly to its corner 26, the margin 42 ofthe section adjoins part 17b of the inclined section 17. Also, since the sections are oppositely. inclined they are separated at their inner edges at 29 andl 44, respectively, and at this point, they may terminate substantiallyA along a. common plane as indicated although they may be spaced apart" any desiredv distance to provide space for elevators, a moving stairway, or conventional stairs. Also stairs, such as those at 45 in Fig. 2, maybe formed along the adjacent edges of' the

sections

20A and 20B, if desired.

With the construction outlined, it will be apparent that each warped section has a maximum vertical dellection or vertical offset of one-half story so that at any

corner

25 or 26 the building is midway in elevation between the level sections 15-15' of the floors. Thus, Vall sections of each oor are spaced one story verticallyz'with reference to corresponding'sections of adjacentl oors.

Also, my multistory building provides horizontal floor areas along three sides with an inclined floor area along only one side. Further, it will also be apparent, by reference to Fig. 2, that the inclined or

warped sections

20A and 20B, in conjunction with the adjacent portion of section 17, provide unique ramp means adjacent the center of the building. Line 48 designatesthe generalA p athvehicles would follow from oor to floor while the arrows thereon designate the direction of travel for going upwardly from oor to floor. By traveling in a reverse direction vehicles can descend from iioor to floor. It should also be apparent that this type of iloor construction enables the parking of vehicles around the entire' margin or peripheral area of the structure, as in the stalls, designated 53, and that it also provides ample double stall .parking area 55 substantially entirely upon the inclined sections of the oor as well as a central parking area 56 on eachside of the central separation. Also since the

areas

15 and 15 are level on each floor, these are suitable for use as store or office space in lieu of.v Other features and advanbeing used as parking area.

tages ofthe construction have been pointed outhereinabove.

Referring'now to Figs. 5-7, I show another form of the invention which utilizes the basic structure heretofore shown but in a manner to provide a multistory building having a level floor area completely around or on all four sides of each Hoor of the building, thereby providing a building which is suitable for construction to extend over an entire city block or other area Where the building will be exposed to view on all four sides.

In this form of the invention, the oors of the building, designated 60, are each shown as having a marginal level section completely around the perimeter, designated generally 61 and comprising the

sections

61A, 61B, 61C and 61D. The oors'are shown supported on columns 63. Centrally of the building, I provide a pair of inclined or sloping sections, designated 64 and 65. Section 64 declines or is inclined downwardly from the level section 61D to the central part of the building, designated by the broken line 56. At the line 66, the elevation is one-halfv story below the level of area 61. Section 65 is oppositely inclined to the section 64 and thus extendsV upwardly from the level section 61B so that at its inner edge 68 it is spaced one story above the line 6.6. It will` be apparent'that the section 64 of one iloor forms av continuation of the section 65 of the next lower oor, although in Fig. 5 I show the uppermost oor with the section `65 terminating at the edge 68.

Alongside the central

inclined sections

64 and 65, I provide four so-called warped sections, designated 70A and 70B and 71A and 71B. These warped sections are similar to the

sections

20A and 20B previously described. The

sections

70A and 71A decline toward the corners 73 and 74,.respectively, while the sections 70B and 71Bv slopingly curve upwardly toward the corners 75 and 76, respectively. On one

side sections

70A and 70B join with the level section 61A. On the other they join with

sections

64 and 65, respectively. In like

manner section

71A and 71B join the level section 61C along one lateral margin and are joined to the

sections

64 and 65, respectively,.along their other lateral margins. At their outer' ends,.sections 70A. and 71A are joined to the level sec# tion 61D,

whilev sections

70B and 71B are joined at` their outer end to level section 61B.

Itwill be apparent that with the construction provided there are formed two rampway traffic paths in the building'which motor vehicles may follow either upwardlyl or downwardly from floor to floor. In Figs. 5 and 6 the line` showsthese paths as well as the connecting paths across the

central sections

64 and 65. The arrows arbitrarily designate an ascending route in the region of

oor sections

71A and 71B and a descending path in the region. of

sections

70A and 70B. Obviously vehicles may beA driven inthe opposite of these direct'ons in each of the' areas, if desired. However, by using one area for ascend-A ing traic andthe other for descending traic, there is muchless chance of collision taking place.

In Fig. 6 I have shown the perimeter parking area divided into appropriate park'ng stalls 82. I also showf variouslparking stall areas as designated by the numeral 83-as1wellas central parking area stalls'84. Arrows'86.r` showv the paths'to be followed by vehicles'to' andzfrom the parking stalls.

As previously indicated, the outer portion of any floor may be used for office or store space rather than being devoted to the park-'ng of automobiles where this may be desirable. It will be apparent that the construction" shown in Figs. 5-7 retains all the advantages of thel previously described structure but, at the Sametime, provides a building having level, horizontal oor areas on all four sides with the various advantages thereof previously described.

It is to be understood that, although I have shown and. described preferred forms of my invention, I contemplate that various changes and modifications can be made there'nwithout j.leparting` fromthe'scope of the inventiom as indicated by the claims which follow.

I claim:

1. In a multistory building suitable for use as a garage, a plurality of oors in superposed relation, each floor including a pair of rectangular,oppositely inclined warped sections of hyperbolic parabolo'd form and a continuous level section marginal to one side of said Warped sections and to each end of said warped sections, and an elongated inclined section marginal to the other side of each said warped sectio-ns the inclined section along the other side of each warped sect'on forming a continuation of the inclined section of the next adjacent oor, respectively, said warped sections being separated along their adjacent edges and each being diagonally warped in a direction to produce maximum vertical deflection at an inner corner point adjoinng said inclined section and adjacent the inner corner point of maximum vertical deection of the other warped section.

2. A multistory building as set forth in claim 1 in which said warped sections have a maximum vertical deliecton of one-half story and in which the level section of each floor is spaced one story vertically with relation to the level sections of the next adjacent floors.

3. A multistory building as set forth in claim l in which the elongated inclined section marginal to said other side of each warped section is level along any line normal to its direction of inclination.

4. In a multistory building having a plurality of superposed iloors, ramp means extending from iloor to oor, comprising a pair of rectangular warped sections of hyperbolic parabolo'd form on each oor and an inclined section along one side of each warped section, the incilned section along the side of the warped section of one floor forming a continuation of the inclined section along the side of a warped section of the next adjacent floor, said warped sections being in alignment with a separation between them and being diagonally oppositely warped toward an inner corner adjacent said inclined section whereby one section is elevated in a direction toward its said corner and the other is depressed downwardly to its said corner.

5. In a multistory building having a plurality of superposed oors, each floor comprising a level outer marginal area on three sides, a pair of aligned inclined areas extending inwardly from the level marginal area at two sides toward each other, one of said inclined areas extendng downwardly in a direction toward the other and the other extending upwardly in a direction toward said one whereby said areas are vertically separated at their inner boundaries, said inclined areas forming contnuations of similar areas, respectively, of the adjacent oors whereby a ramp is formed from the level outer margfnal area at ane side of the building of one oor to the level outer marginal area at the opposite side of the building of the next floor, a pair of separated, aligned warped areas adjoining said inclined areas on one side thereof, said warped areas being warped to meet the adjoining inclined areas and joining at two sides with said outer marginal area.

6. The structure as defined in claim 5, in which a second pair of separated, aligned warped areas adjoining said inclined areas on the opposite side thereof, said second pair of warped areas being warped to meet the adjoining inclined areas and joining at two sides with said outer marginal area.

7. In a multistory building having a plurality of superposed oors, each floor comprising a level outer margnal area on at least three sides thereof, a pair of aligned inclined areas extending inwardly from the level marginal area at two said sides toward each other, 'one of said inclined areas extending downwardly and having a boundary in a direction toward the other and the other extending upwardly and having a boundary in a direction toward saId one whereby said areas are vertically separated at their inner boundaries, said inclined areas forming continuations of similar areas, respectively, of the adjacent floors whereby a ramp is formed from iloor to Hoor, a pair of aligned warped areas, each substantially of hyperbolic paraboloid form, adjoining said inclined areas on one side thereof, said warped areas being diagonally warped to meet the adjoining inclined areas and joining at two sides with said outer marginal area, and a second pair of aligned warped areas, each substantially of hyperbolic paraboloid form, adjoining said inclined areas on the other side thereof, said warped areas of said second pair being diagonally warped to meet the adjoining inclined areas and joining at two sides with said outer marginal area,

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,782,997 Muntz Nov. 25, 1930 2,825,938 Ferreira Mar. 11, 1958 FOREIGN PATENTS 200,912 Australia Feb. 15, 1956 450,640 Italy Feb. 26, 1956