US2955619A

US2955619A - Loom selvage motion

Info

Publication number: US2955619A
Application number: US775860A
Authority: US
Inventors: Maurice R Flamand
Original assignee: Draper Corp
Current assignee: Draper Corp
Priority date: 1958-11-24
Filing date: 1958-11-24
Publication date: 1960-10-11
Anticipated expiration: 1977-10-11

Description

Oct. 11, 1960 M'. R. FLAMAND 2,955,619

' LOOM SELVAGE MOTION Filed Nov. 24, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. MAURICE R. FLAMAND A TTORNE Y 1960 I M. R. FLAMAND 2,955,619

LOOM SELVAGE MOTION Filed Nov. 24, 1953 s Sheets-Sheet 2 I: s INVENTOR. :5. MAURICE R. FLAMAND I BY 'WMK A TTORIYEY Oct. 11, 1960 M. R. FLAMAND 2,955,619

' LOOM SELVAGE MOTION Filed Nov. 24, 1958 s Sheets-Sheet s INVENTOR. MAURICE R. HLAMAND A TTORIVE Y United States PatentOfiice 2955619 2,955,619 LOOM SELVAGE MOTION Maurice R. Flamand, Lonsdale, R.I., assignor to Draper Corporation, Hopedale, Mass., a corporation of Marne Filed Nov. 24, 1958, Ser. No. 775,860 8 Claims. (Cl. 139-55) This invention relates to selvage motions for looms, and, in particular, to a method and apparatus wherein interspaced groups of selvage warp threads are controlled separately from the main warp body to result in a selvage having a particularly desirable weave.

This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 688,156, filed October 4, 1957, now abandoned.

It is a general object of the invention to devise a selvage motion for looms of all types and which is particularly desirable for looms wherein cut filling ends are inserted, such as in shuttleless looms, while at the same time the selvage threads are caused to cross a considerable distance below the center position incidental to their movement in a vertical direction.

It is a further object to provide an improved and efrective selvage motion embodying a pair of harnesses for. warp threads at each selvage which shall operate Without need for overhead connection and which shall employ a simple and effective cam motion to impart a motion to the selvage warp threads wherein they are crossed to their extreme vertical positions only on alternate picks, but are brought to a substantially level posi tion on the intermediate picks. According to this method each pick of filling may be held so that it will not snap back into the main warp body.

It is a further object to provide a selvage'rnotion including a harness mechanism having heddles which includes a bell crank lever connected to the lower ends of said harnesses, and a cam means for controlling movement of the lever so that the selvage threads are held in Patented Oct. 11', 1960 is greater due to the weaving of the heavier material in the same unit of area as is occupied by the lighter material in other parts of the fabric.

These undesirable results can be avoided by crossing the filling and warp threads in the selvage a lesser number of times than in the main body of the cloth, for example, by inserting two fillings in the selvage before the warp selvage threads are permitted to cross to form the weave.

In applicants copending application Serial No. 633,696, filed Januaryv 11, 1957, now Patent No. 2,924,247, a novel warp selvage motion for a shuttleless loom has been disclosed wherein the warp selvage threads are held in the same position so as to permit the insertion of two filling-threads thereinto before they are crossed. That application further discloses a novel mechanism whereby the warp selvage threads are caused to cross each other at a considerable distance below the center position inc idental to their vertical movemen Y The present invention is drawn to a modification-of such an apparatus whereby the warp selvage threads are manipulated to restrain the loose end of a first inserted filling thread from being displaced or losing tension.

The method and apparatus may be more readily under stood by reference to the accompanying drawings, where- 1n: 1

d Fig. 1 is a fragmentary view, in front elevation, of a selvage heddle mechanism embodying the present invention, looking in the direction of arrow a, Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary view, in side elevation, of the same mechanism looking in' the direction of arrow b, Fig. 1. V Fig. 3-is a section taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrows.

a substantially level position while other portions of the warp are in an open position on alternate picks and the selvage threads are crossed to their extreme position on the intermediate picks, the crossing of the selvage threads taking place at a considerable distance below the center position incidental to their movement in a vertical direcof the harness frames for the main warp body and which is. reciprocated vertically without the need of any over-' head mechanism. 'f .f.

f ,Qther objects will become apparent from the following more detailed disclosure. e

I In weaving of a fabric it is customary to form a selvage on either side of the fabric which is eifectiveto prevent tearing of the formed fabric due to lateral forces subjected thereto by the reed in the beat-'up motion. A selvage is also necessary duringsubsequent processing of the fabric to prevent undesirable curling of the sides and to prevent unravelling of the threads. It is therefor'e'desirableio utilize warp threads for the selvage which" are stronger and heavier than: the main body of warp. The use of such heavier threads Iresultsfin a selyage wherein'the density of fabric is greater than that of the remainder of the material and wherein the tension Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the upper guide member for a pair of the selvage harness members shown in Fig. 2.

Fig- 5 is a fragmentary view, in front elevation, of the left-hand end portion of a loom as viewed from thefront showing the association of .the selvage heddle mechanism of Fig. 1 with the cam shedding motion.

Fig. 6 is an end elevation of the mechanism of Fig.5 looking in the direction of arrow 0. V e

Fig. 7 is a front view in elevation of a cam which will give the desired motion to the selvage harnesses.

Fig. 8'is a front elevational view of a modified form of cam.

Fig. 9 is an end elevationof the cams shown in Figs. 7 and 81 including their mounting gear member.

Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view showing the differential movement and relative positions of a pair of cooperating harness frames at diflerent points in their cycle and afiords atmathematical explanation for the crossing of the warp selvage threads at a level a considerable distance below the center position incidental to their vertical movement.

Fig. 11 is a front elevation of a modified form of the selvage harness structure shown in Fig. 1, and

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of a spring keeper which is used in the harness structure of Fig. 11.

Referring now to the drawings, there is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 parts of a shuttleless loom including main harness frames 10, three of which are depicted in Fig, 2,

and which are suspended from an overhead spring top motion of known construction including a pair of brack-V ets, one of which is shown at 11. Spring'biased cords 12 running over a series of sheaves 13 support the harnesses, which are controlled from below by cam means such as that disclosed in United States Patent No. 2,637,

beam 'of'warp threads or on separate spools, are provided at each side of the loom and threaded through and controlled by heddles 14 mounted on a selvage harness frame 15 which comprises an elongated fiat strip-like body having openings thereinat 16, 17 and 18, forming sup porting cross bars l9 and 20 therebetween. The heddles each have a central warp eye (not shown) C-shaped' or other shaped ends 21'and 22 into which are received the cross-bars. The upper harness frame 15 is slidably received into a vertical groove 23 on one side 24 of a guide block 25. The harness frames are utilized in pairs and a second frame 26, similar in structure to frame 15, is received into a second slot (not shown) on the opposite side of the guide block. The latter is supported by an angular bracket 27 fixed at one end to the bracket 11 and supporting a rod 28 at its other end which is received into an opening 29 in the upper portion of the guide block. A bolt 30 holds the guide block in position on the rod 28. Such a structure permits lateral adjustment of the upper end of the selvage harness frame in accordance with the width of the fabric being woven. The harness frame 15 is attached at its lower end to a slotted cross tree 31 by means of a bolt 32 for lateral adjustment of that end. A second cross tree 33 (Figs. and 6) is attached to the lower end of harness frame 26.

The cross trees are vertically reciprocated in opposite directions to impart a shedding motion to the selvage harness frames, each of which has one-half of the selvage threads for one side of the fabric threaded through its heddles. These harness frames are crossed to their extreme vertical positions on alternate picks and brought to a point where the selvage threads just meet, which is at a levela considerable distance below the center position incidental to their movement, on the intermediate picks by a shedding mechanism presently to be described.

Cross trees

31 and 33 have their lower ends fixed to

guide bars

34 and 35, respectively, which are restrained for vertical movement in guide grooves in a bracket 36 fixed to frame member 37 by means of

bolts

38 and 39. A further bracket member 40, including a bearing portion 41 for the usual main cam shaft 42 and a curved portion 43, is fixed to frame 37 'by means of

bolts

44, 45 and 46. Bracket 40 further supports a freely oscillatable shaft 47 which has fixed to one end thereof a bell crank

lever having arms

48 and 49 whose ends are pivotally connected to curved lever member 50 and straight lever 51, respectively. The upper ends of these lever members are pivotally connected, one each, to the lower ends of

guide bars

34 and 35. The main cam shaft 42 has fixed thereto a pinion 52 which is engageable with a gear member 53 freely rotatable on the other end of shaft 47.

Cam members

54 and 55 are fixed one to either side of gear 53 and have a shape to be described hereinafter. Shaft 47 is oscillated through an arc of 90 degrees by means of a lever 56 pivoted at 57 having

cam followers

58 and 59 mounted intermediate thereof and having its free end connected to connecting link 60 which is pivoted to one end of a further link 61 whose other end is fixed to shaft 47. Lever 50 is curved only so as to avoid interference with cam shaft 42.

As a result of such a structure the crossing of the warp selvage threads during shedding will take place at a level a considerable distance below the exact center position incidental to their vertical movement. Reference to Fig. will afford a mathematical explanation of the reason why this is so.

Numerals

48 and 49 represent the two arms of the bell crank lever shown in Fig. 6 while

numerals

50 and 51 represent the two links connected to the ends of the

arms

48 and 49, respectively. As arm 48 moves at a constant rate from a horizontal to a vertical position, or from points 1 to 5 which are equally spaced in the left quadrant, the upper end of link 50, since it is limited to vertical movement by a guide groove in bracket 36, will move corresponding amounts also marked 1 to 5 vertically which gradually decrease in amount, or, in other words, the upper end of link 50 will move more rapidly in that portion of the cycle when the arm 48 is traversing the arc marked 0' than it will move when the arm covers the equal angular distance marked A in the left quadrant of Fig. 10.

Similarly, the upper end of link 51 will move at a faster rate when arm 49 traverses the arc marked D than it will move when the arm traverses the are marked B in the right hand quadrant. Therefore, since the

links

50 and 51 are always moving in opposite directions, one is always moving downwardly from its topmost point at a fairly rapid rate while the other is moving upwardly at a slower rate and the tops of the links will cross at a point which is below the center position incidental to their vertical movement.

Gear member 53 may be reversed in position so that either

cam

54 or 55 may effect the shedding movement. Cam 54 as shown in Fig. 7 will affect movement of the selvage warp threads in a manner such that they are brought from a first open position to a level position or just barely crossing after a first pick has been inserted, they will then open back to the same, or nearly to the same first position,'then after insertion of a second filling thread they will cross to'an extreme position to complete the cycle. Thus, the warp selvage threads will cross only on every other pick so that two filling threads may be inserted in the selvage for each crossing of the warp threads. On the intermediate picks the warp selvage threads are brought level or slightly past the crossing position in order to take hold of a first filling which has been inserted and to prevent its becoming displaced or losing tension. This type of motion is particularly desirable in looms where cut filling ends are inserted.

The form of cam shown in Fig. 8 will permit a crossing of the warp selvage threads on every pick rather than every other pick.

A modified form of selvage harness frame has been shown in Fig. 11 wherein 14' indicates the heddles mounted on a frame member 15' having openings 16, 17' and 18' therein forming cantilever cross-bars. The heddles in this structure have their ends formed as slotted loops so that they may be slid in place over the cross-bars. A spring member S is slid onto the free end of each crossbar to retain the heddles in place.

While one embodiment and a modification of the invention has been disclosed, it is to be understood that the inventive concept may be carried out in a number of ways. This invention is, therefore, not to be limited to the precise details described, but is intended to embrace all variations and modifications thereof falling within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the claims.

I claim:

1. In a loom for weaving, a main warp harness mechanism for controlling a main body of warp threads, a selvage harness mechanism including a pair of harness frames having heddles for selvage threads movable to shed said selvage threads to extreme vertical positions above and below a position whereat they are crossed, and means to reciprocate said selvage harness mechanism and heddles so that they are crossed to exchange said extreme vertical positions only on alternate picks of the loom, and are brought to substantially said position whereat they are crossed on intermediate picks.

2. In a loom for weaving, a main warp harness mechanism for controlling a main body of warp threads, a selvage harness mechanism including a pair of harness frames having heddles for selvage threads movable to shed said selvage threads to extreme vertical positions above and below a position whereat they are crossed, and means to reciprocate said selvage harness mechanism and frames on each pick of the loom, and to exchange extreme vertical positions of said frames only on every other pick of the loom. V

3. The mechanism of claim 1 wherein saidmeans comprises a bell crank lever connected to said frames, and cam means operatively arranged to oscillate said lever at a uniform speed.

4. In a selvage motion for a loom for weaving, a harness frame which comprises an elongated flat strip-like body having an opening therein, upper and lower support members extending from one side of said harness frame part way across said opening, a plurality of heddles mounted on said support members, and means exerting lateral pressure on said heddles to maintain them in position on said support means.

5. The mechanism of claim 4 wherein said means comprises a spring member, and said frame is guided for vertical movement by means fixed on said loom.

6. A method of controlling and locking loose tail ends of filling thread during weaving of cut ends of filling in a fabric which comprises separately controlling two interspaced groups of selvage warp threads between upper and lower limits of movement to form a shed between said two groups, said groups being located adjacent a main Warp body and being adapted to cross each other at a substantially level position, holding said groups of selvage threads open in a first position to receive a first filling thread, then bringing said groups to said level position to retain said thread, and then returning said groups to said first position to receive a second filling thread immediately adjacent said first filling thread and thereafter crossing said selvage threads to bind both filling ends in position. 1

7. A method of controlling and locking loose tail ends of filling thread during weaving of cut ends of filling in a fabric which comprises separately controlling two interspaced groups of selvage warp threads between upper and lower limits of movement to form a shed between said two groups, said groups being located adjacent a main Warp body and being adapted to cross each other at a substantially level position, reciprocating said groups on each pick of the loom, and changing the position of each of said groups from one of said upper and lower limits to the other only on every other pick of the loom.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein said groups are brought substantially to said level position on intermediate picks of the loom.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 436,018 Lacey Sept. 9, 1890 502,024 Woodward July 25, 1893 844,404 Roper Feb. 19, 1907 2,083,291 Camps June 8, 1937 2,483,857 Turner Oct. 4, 1949 2,533,094 Cooper Dec. 5, 1950 2,580,994 Budzyna et a1. Jan. 1, 1952 2,602,471 Morrison July 8, 1952 2,684,693 Libby July 27, 1954 2,830,623 Masson et al. Apr. 15, 1958