US2952727A - Anode for magnesium primary cell - Google Patents

Anode for magnesium primary cell Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2952727A
US2952727A US650750A US65075057A US2952727A US 2952727 A US2952727 A US 2952727A US 650750 A US650750 A US 650750A US 65075057 A US65075057 A US 65075057A US 2952727 A US2952727 A US 2952727A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
magnesium
percent
anode
alloy
cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US650750A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roy C Kirk
John L Robinson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dow Chemical Co
Original Assignee
Dow Chemical Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to CA632163A priority Critical patent/CA632163A/en
Application filed by Dow Chemical Co filed Critical Dow Chemical Co
Priority to US650750A priority patent/US2952727A/en
Priority to GB11160/58A priority patent/GB876783A/en
Priority to JP1226858A priority patent/JPS351715B1/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2952727A publication Critical patent/US2952727A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/46—Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved anode for use in a primary magnesium battery cell whereby the normal delayed action usually resulting from the employment of such a battery cell is decreased.
  • Magnesium batteries have been described in a number of US. patents including US. Patents 2,547,907, 2,616,- 940, 2,712,564, etc. These patents all rely upon a magnesium anode, a cathode into which has been mixed a depolarizing agent such as manganese dioxide and an alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal, or ammonium bromide electrolyte, an anode liner, and a carbon current collector.
  • the present invention specifically relates to an improvement in the anode of such a cell whereby the delayed action is substantially reduced.
  • Provision of such anode is accomplished by heating a magnesium alloy containing from 1 to 12 percent aluminum to a temperacure above its solidus temperature but below its liquidus temperature and rapidly cooling this m aterial so that a massive Mg17Al12 compound is formed.
  • Representative alloy materials which are suitable are those magnesium base alloys containing at least 80 percent, preferably 90- percent magnesium and containing from 1 to 12 percent lCe aluminum, preferably from 1 to 9 percent aluminum, from 0.0 to 3.0 percent zinc, from 0.0 to 0.5 percent calcium, the balance being commercial magnesium containing not over 0.005 percent iron, not over 0.002 percent nickel, and not over 0.6 percent manganese.
  • This alloy is heated to a temperature above its solidus temperature, and below its liquidus temperature, both of which will vary depending upon the particular alloy being employed. After heating to this temperature, the alloy material is rapidly cooled as by quenching, etc., that is, at a rate of at least 500 Fahrenheit degrees per mintute, preferably about 1000 Fahrenheit degrees per mintue, and when so cooled, results in substantial quantities of massive Mg17A112 compound being formed therein. The rapid cooling should be carried to a point below that which the massive Mg17Al12 compound will be stabilized and not converted to fine Mg Al compound or another MgAl composition. This temperature is below the eutectic temperature, usually below 700 degrees Fahrenheit and preferably below 500 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the magnesium alloy may be heated to above its liquidus temperature and thereafter rapidly cooled, as in a die-cast technique. This constitutes a preferred embodiment for forming the anodes of the present invention. While die-casting is the preferred technique for forming the anodes of the present invention,
  • quenching of the alloy after heating above its solidus taining massive Mg Al present may be machined or otherwise formed to obtain the desired final shape for the anode, provided however, that such forming operations are not suificiently drastic to eliminate the presence of the massive Mg17A112 compound.
  • the anodes so prepared are used in a conventional manner in a magnesium primary cell.
  • the advantages of employing such an alloy are many, but primarily are represented in the decreased delayed action of a cell employing such an anode.
  • alloy AZ31A was heated at various temperatures for 1 hour and quenched in water to provide a rapid cooling.
  • the following table shows that heating 5 above the solidus temperature is essential to provide the massive Mg17A112 required by the present invention.
  • Table I illustrates that massive Mg17A112 compound is required to achieve the reduced delay time of the present invention. Die-cast forming causes massive- Mg Al compound to be present while extrusion does not cause its presence.
  • Example II The procedure of Example I. was repeated with alloy AZ31A (3 percent aluminum, 1 percent zinc, remainder magnesium) and AZ9'1A (9 percent aluminum, 1 percent zinc, remainder magnesium) and a variety of fabrication methods used to form the anode. The following table summarizes the results obtained.
  • a primary battery cell comprising an anode of magnesium having massive Mg Al compound dispersed therein, a manganese dioxide depolarized cathode, and an electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of an inorganic bromide selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium bromides.
  • An anode for a primary magnesium cell which comprises an alloy which has been formed by die casting, said alloy containing from 1 to 12 percent aluminum, fiom 0.0 to 3.0 percent zinc, from 0.0 to 0.5 percent calcium, the balance being commercial magnesium containing not over 0.005 percent iron, not over 0.002 percent nickel, and not over 0.6 percent manganese.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
US650750A 1957-04-04 1957-04-04 Anode for magnesium primary cell Expired - Lifetime US2952727A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA632163A CA632163A (en) 1957-04-04 Anode for magnesium primary cell
US650750A US2952727A (en) 1957-04-04 1957-04-04 Anode for magnesium primary cell
GB11160/58A GB876783A (en) 1957-04-04 1958-04-09 Anode for magnesium primary cell
JP1226858A JPS351715B1 (enExample) 1957-04-04 1958-05-02

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US650750A US2952727A (en) 1957-04-04 1957-04-04 Anode for magnesium primary cell

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2952727A true US2952727A (en) 1960-09-13

Family

ID=24610136

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US650750A Expired - Lifetime US2952727A (en) 1957-04-04 1957-04-04 Anode for magnesium primary cell

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2952727A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS351715B1 (enExample)
CA (1) CA632163A (enExample)
GB (1) GB876783A (enExample)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3539398A (en) * 1969-06-23 1970-11-10 Samuel Ruben Magnesium primary cell
WO1985001615A1 (en) * 1983-09-28 1985-04-11 Acr Electronics, Inc. Battery cell with improved capacity, open circuit voltage and start-up time

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102398022B (zh) * 2011-11-03 2015-04-15 大同普罗卡特精华科技有限公司 一种热水器用镁阳极的铸造方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1850612A (en) * 1931-08-06 1932-03-22 American Magnesium Corp Magnesium base alloy
US2616940A (en) * 1949-12-22 1952-11-04 Dow Chemical Co Primary cell
US2621220A (en) * 1950-03-03 1952-12-09 Dow Chemical Co Primary cell

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1850612A (en) * 1931-08-06 1932-03-22 American Magnesium Corp Magnesium base alloy
US2616940A (en) * 1949-12-22 1952-11-04 Dow Chemical Co Primary cell
US2621220A (en) * 1950-03-03 1952-12-09 Dow Chemical Co Primary cell

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3539398A (en) * 1969-06-23 1970-11-10 Samuel Ruben Magnesium primary cell
WO1985001615A1 (en) * 1983-09-28 1985-04-11 Acr Electronics, Inc. Battery cell with improved capacity, open circuit voltage and start-up time
US4555457A (en) * 1983-09-28 1985-11-26 Acr Electronics Inc. Battery cell containing potassium monoperoxysulfate in the cathode mix

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA632163A (en) 1961-12-05
GB876783A (en) 1961-09-06
JPS351715B1 (enExample) 1960-03-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4609599A (en) New lanthanum and nickel based alloys, their manufacture and their electrochemical applications
EP0504949A2 (en) Hydrogen storage electrode
US3837920A (en) A battery containing a solid electrolyte having cationic defects
JPS6274041A (ja) 電気化学的に活性なアルミニウム合金
CN110233258A (zh) 一种热电池用改性锂硼合金复合负极材料及其制备方法
CN111057914A (zh) 一种阳极合金材料、其制备方法、铝空气电池用阳极以及铝空气电池
US2952727A (en) Anode for magnesium primary cell
US2547907A (en) Magnesium primary cell
US2170650A (en) Alloy
US3881953A (en) Battery electrode grids and method of making same from a lead-calcium-lithium-tin alloy
US2528891A (en) Primary battery depolarizer and method of making the same
US2712564A (en) Primary cell
JPH06179936A (ja) アルミニウム電池用負極材料
US4792430A (en) Aluminum anode alloy
US6773667B2 (en) Hydrogen-occluding alloy and process for producing the same
US5645961A (en) Zinc anode can of a battery, method of manufacture thereof, and manganese dry battery using such zinc can prepared by such method
US2678341A (en) Storage battery and grid therefor
CN113897522A (zh) 一种铝合金阳极材料及制备方法
US3288649A (en) Water-activated battery
US2621220A (en) Primary cell
US2040078A (en) Lead alloy
CN111118345A (zh) 多元钐镍储氢材料、负极、电池及制备方法
US2481204A (en) Magnesium primary cell
US6258484B1 (en) Anode material for use in alkaline manganese cells and process for producing the same
US2001888A (en) Spark plug electrode