US2952559A - Method of coating a liquid photographic emulsion on the surface of a support - Google Patents

Method of coating a liquid photographic emulsion on the surface of a support Download PDF

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Publication number
US2952559A
US2952559A US619721A US61972156A US2952559A US 2952559 A US2952559 A US 2952559A US 619721 A US619721 A US 619721A US 61972156 A US61972156 A US 61972156A US 2952559 A US2952559 A US 2952559A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
support
liquid
emulsion
coating
liquid emulsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US619721A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gale F Nadeau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE561953D priority Critical patent/BE561953A/xx
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US619721A priority patent/US2952559A/en
Priority to FR1196904D priority patent/FR1196904A/fr
Priority to GB33826/57A priority patent/GB876925A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2952559A publication Critical patent/US2952559A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/74—Applying photosensitive compositions to the base; Drying processes therefor

Definitions

  • ATTORNEYS the support, or necking-in as it is known in the art.
  • the coating method comprises broadly the establishing of a uniform electrostatic charge between the support and the photographic emulsion and applying the emulsion to the support.
  • the primary object of the present invention is, therefore, to provide a method of coating a uniform thickness of photographic emulsion on a support, thereby eliminating photographic mottle.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of coating a uniform thickness of photographic emulsion on a support in which the tendency for the phoi 'tographic emulsion to pull away from the edges of the support is eliminated.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of coating a uniform thickness of photographic emulsion on a support which comprises applying a uniform electrostatic charge on the surface of the support and an electrostatic charge of opposite polarity to the liquid photographic emulsion, and applying the charged emulsion to the charged support.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method of coating a uniform thickness of photographic emulsion on a support which comprises rendering the support electrically neutral, applying a uniform electrostatic charge to the surface of the support, applying an electrostatic charge of opposite polarity to the photographic emulsion, and applying the charged photographic emulsion to the charged support.
  • the first step of the coating method of my invention is to render the surface of the support electri- Cally neutral.
  • the electrostatic charges found to influence the coating bead are of two general types. One is an irregular charge which accumulates within the support as a result of a polarization of some of the molecules of the support and which Will be hereinafter referred to as the polarization charge. The polarization charge is removed from the support by intimately contacting a grounded conductor to the opposed surfaces of the support.
  • the drawing represents a diagrammatic view illustrating the apparatus used to practice the method of electrostatically applying a liquid photographic emulsion on the As indicated in the drawing, this is effected by passing the film support 21 between the grounded metal pressure rolls 23 and 25 which are mounted in opposed relation and biased. by means of springs 27 and 29 respectively into contact with the support 21.
  • the other type of electrostatic charge found to influence the coating head is the static charge which is present on the surface of the support.
  • the film support coming from between the pressure rolls 23 and 25 is passed over idler roll 31 and between a pair of opposed devices 33 and 35 for generating and directing a flow of ionized air onto the surface of the support 21.
  • the surface of the support 21 as it leaves the vicinity of the ionized air generating devices 33 and 35 is uniformly electrically neutral in charge.
  • the next step of the coating method of my invention is, therefore, to apply a uniform electrostatic charge between the surface of the support and the liquid photographic emulsion. As indicated in the drawing, this is effected by directing a flow of ionized air of the desired polarity onto the surface of the support 21 as by means of the device 37 which is similar to devices 33 and 35.
  • a uniform electrostatic charge is thus distributed over the surface of the support 21 which remains on the support as it is conducted in contact with coating roll .39 to the position at which the liquid emulsion is coated thereon.
  • An electrostatic charge of opposite polarity is applied to the liquid emulsion by connecting a source of potential 41 to the metal orifice 43 of the hopper 45 through hich the liquid emulsion 47 is passed for coating onto the support 21.
  • the total potential difference existing between the charged support 21 and the .liquid emulsion 47 should be less than 10,000 volts in order to avoid any possibility of sparking which would cause fogging of the applied emulsions. I prefer to maintain a potential difference of about 7,000 volts which is quite sufficient to give very satisfactory results.
  • the coating method in its more specific aspects comprises, first, discharging the polarization charge within the support by passing the support in contact with a pair of opposed grounded metal rolls, discharging the static surface charge on the support by directing a flow of ionized air onto the surface of the support, applying a uniform electrostatic charge to the support by directing a flow of ionized air of the desired polarity onto the surface of the support, applying an electrostatic charge of the opposite polarity to the liquid photographic emulsion, and applying the .charged photographic emulsion to the charged support.
  • a method of coating a liquid photographic emul- .sion on the surface of a support which comprises apply- .mg a uniform electrostatic charge to said surface to facilitate the even spreading of said liquid emulsion on said surface, applying an electrostatic charge of opposite polarity to a supply of said liquid emulsion to facilitate the flowing of said liquid emulsion on said surface, and flowing said'liquid emulsion in a continuous liquid mass from said supply directly onto said surface, the electric potential difference between said charge on said surface ;and said charge on said liquid Emulsion being less than:
  • a method of coating a liquid photographic emulsion on the surface of a support which comprises rendering said surface electrically neutral, applying a uniform electrostatic charge to said surface to facilitate the even spreading of said liquid emulsion on said surface, applying an electrostatic charge of opposite polarity to a supply of said liquid emulsion to reduce the surface tension of said liquid emulsion and facilitate the flowing thereof on said surface, and transferring said liquid emulsion in a continuous liquid mass from said supply directly to said surface, the electric potential difference between said charge on said surface and said charge on said liquid emulsion being less than that at which arcing occurs between said liquid emulsion and said surface.
  • a method of coating a liquid photographic emulsion on the surface of a support carrying polarization charges therein which comprises neutralizing said polarization charges in said support by passing the support through the bite of a pair of opposed grounded metal rolls, rendering saidsurface electrically neutral by directing a flow of ionized air onto said surface, applying a uniform electrostatic charge to said surface to facilitate the even spreading of said liquid emulsion on said surface, applying an electrostatic charge of opposite polarity to a supply of said liquid emulsion to facilitate the flowing of said liquid emulsion on said surface, and transferring said liquid emulsion in a continuous liquid mass from said supply directly to said surface, the electric potential difference between said electrostatic charge on said surface and said electrostatic charge on said liquid emulsion being less than that at which arcing occurs between said liquid emulsion and said surface.
  • a method of coating a liquid photographic emulsion on the surface of a support which comprises first rendering said support electrically neutral, applying a uniform electrostatic charge to said surface by directing a flow of ionized air of a given polarity onto said surface and thereby facilitating the even spreading of saidliquid emulsion on said surface, applying an electrostatic charge of opposite polarity to a supply of said liquid emulsion to facilitate the flowing of said liquid emulsion on said surface, and flowing said liquid emulsion in a continuous liquid mass from said supply directly onto said surface, the electric potential difference between said charge on said surface and said charge on said liquid emulsion being less than that at which arcing occurs between said liquid emulsion and said'surface.
  • a method of coating a liquid photographic emulsion on the surface of a support carrying polarization charges and static surface charges thereon which comprises first discharging said polarization charges in said support by passing the support through the bite of a pair of opposed grounded metal rolls, rendering said static charges on said surface electrically neutral by directing a flow of ionized air onto said surface, applying a uniform electrostatic charge to said surface by directing a flow of ionized air of the desired polarity onto said surface to thereby facilitate the even spreading of said liquid emulsion on said surface, applying an electrostatic charge of opposite polarity to a supply of said liquid emulsion to facilitate the flowing of said liquid emulsion on said surface, and transferring said liquid emulsion in a continuous liquid mass from said supply directly to said surface, the electric potential difference between said electrostatic vcharge on said surface and the electrostatic charge on said liquid emulsion being less than that at which arcing occurs between said liquid emulsion and said surface.
  • the improvement which comprises applying to said surface a uniform electrostatic charge havinga'polarity different from the polarity of said liquid emulsiomand flowing the liquid emulsion from said supply in a continuous liquid mass onto said surface while maintaining said charge thereon, the electric potential difference between the charge applied to said surface and the potential of said liquid emulsion being less than that at which 5 arcing occurs between said liquid emulsion and said surface.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
US619721A 1956-11-01 1956-11-01 Method of coating a liquid photographic emulsion on the surface of a support Expired - Lifetime US2952559A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE561953D BE561953A (de) 1956-11-01
US619721A US2952559A (en) 1956-11-01 1956-11-01 Method of coating a liquid photographic emulsion on the surface of a support
FR1196904D FR1196904A (fr) 1956-11-01 1957-10-28 Nouveau procédé de couchage d'une composition liquide sur un support
GB33826/57A GB876925A (en) 1956-11-01 1957-10-30 Improvements in the coating of photographic emulsions

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US619721A US2952559A (en) 1956-11-01 1956-11-01 Method of coating a liquid photographic emulsion on the surface of a support

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2952559A true US2952559A (en) 1960-09-13

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US619721A Expired - Lifetime US2952559A (en) 1956-11-01 1956-11-01 Method of coating a liquid photographic emulsion on the surface of a support

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US2952559A (de)
BE (1) BE561953A (de)
FR (1) FR1196904A (de)
GB (1) GB876925A (de)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206323A (en) * 1962-06-12 1965-09-14 Eastman Kodak Co Coating high viscosity liquids
US3250620A (en) * 1962-01-18 1966-05-10 Eastman Kodak Co Silver halide emulsions having chill-setting properties
US3323934A (en) * 1962-08-07 1967-06-06 M E S Sa De Machines Electrost Electrostatic coating process and apparatus
US3335026A (en) * 1963-07-16 1967-08-08 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method for coating liquid compositions employing electrostatic field
US3462286A (en) * 1963-07-16 1969-08-19 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method of coating webs with photographic emulsions or other liquid compositions utilizing an electric field
US3501330A (en) * 1964-10-26 1970-03-17 Agfa Gevaert Nv Manufacture of electrophotographic materials
US3522080A (en) * 1966-04-29 1970-07-28 Bayer Ag Process for hardening the surfaces of synthetic materials
US3645735A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-02-29 Eastman Kodak Co Coating bead modulation and recording thereby
US3645773A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-02-29 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for coating substrates in strip-form with photographic emulsion
US3663292A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-05-16 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for coating strip-form substrates
US3916043A (en) * 1971-11-15 1975-10-28 Eastman Kodak Co Method of coating a spliced web
EP0055982A2 (de) * 1981-01-05 1982-07-14 Polaroid Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von Halbleitergegenständen
EP0055983A2 (de) * 1981-01-05 1982-07-14 Polaroid Corporation Elektrostatisch erregte Beschichtungsspalte
EP0136606A2 (de) * 1983-10-03 1985-04-10 Polaroid Corporation Verfahren und Geräte zur gleichförmigen Aufladung einer bewegten Bahn
US4810432A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-03-07 Polaroid Corporation Method and apparatus for establishing a uniform charge on a substrate
US4835004A (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-05-30 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for applying a coating liquid to a moving web
US5049404A (en) * 1987-04-01 1991-09-17 Polaroid Corporation Method and apparatus for applying ultra-thin coatings to a substrate
DE19617724C1 (de) * 1996-05-03 1997-06-19 Agfa Gevaert Ag Herstellung fotografischer Aufzeichnungsmaterialien
US5798146A (en) * 1995-09-14 1998-08-25 Tri-Star Technologies Surface charging to improve wettability
US6368675B1 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-04-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method and apparatus with focused electrode field
US6406541B1 (en) * 1998-02-04 2002-06-18 The Regents Of The University Of California Method and apparatus for adhering and centering particles to the tacky areas on a surface containing an array of tacky and non-tacky areas
US6475572B2 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-11-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method with focused web-borne charges
US20030152740A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-08-14 Fuji Photo Film B.V. Method for splicing and coating webs as well as a web obtained with such methods
US20090174755A1 (en) * 2008-01-08 2009-07-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of and apparatus for ink jet printing using an electrostatic field
US20100182728A1 (en) * 2007-06-22 2010-07-22 Jendrejack Richard M Apparatus and methods for modification of electrostatic charge on a moving web
US8605406B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2013-12-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Apparatus and methods for altering charge on a dielectric material

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1678869A (en) * 1922-12-01 1928-07-31 Morrison Montford Static dissipator
US2052131A (en) * 1933-10-10 1936-08-25 Us Rubber Co Spreading, extruding, or like operations
US2486877A (en) * 1943-12-30 1949-11-01 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Overspray recovery for spray booths
US2497604A (en) * 1946-07-19 1950-02-14 British Cotton Ind Res Assoc Method of and means for eliminating electrostatic charges in industrial processes
US2527260A (en) * 1944-07-19 1950-10-24 Ilford Ltd Gelatino-silver halide emulsions having low setting temperatures and method of coating same
US2551035A (en) * 1946-01-30 1951-05-01 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic deposition of elastomer material
US2684656A (en) * 1949-07-30 1954-07-27 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus
US2718477A (en) * 1950-03-20 1955-09-20 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Method and apparatus for electrostatic atomization

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1678869A (en) * 1922-12-01 1928-07-31 Morrison Montford Static dissipator
US2052131A (en) * 1933-10-10 1936-08-25 Us Rubber Co Spreading, extruding, or like operations
US2486877A (en) * 1943-12-30 1949-11-01 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Overspray recovery for spray booths
US2527260A (en) * 1944-07-19 1950-10-24 Ilford Ltd Gelatino-silver halide emulsions having low setting temperatures and method of coating same
US2551035A (en) * 1946-01-30 1951-05-01 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic deposition of elastomer material
US2497604A (en) * 1946-07-19 1950-02-14 British Cotton Ind Res Assoc Method of and means for eliminating electrostatic charges in industrial processes
US2684656A (en) * 1949-07-30 1954-07-27 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus
US2718477A (en) * 1950-03-20 1955-09-20 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Method and apparatus for electrostatic atomization

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3250620A (en) * 1962-01-18 1966-05-10 Eastman Kodak Co Silver halide emulsions having chill-setting properties
US3206323A (en) * 1962-06-12 1965-09-14 Eastman Kodak Co Coating high viscosity liquids
US3323934A (en) * 1962-08-07 1967-06-06 M E S Sa De Machines Electrost Electrostatic coating process and apparatus
US3335026A (en) * 1963-07-16 1967-08-08 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method for coating liquid compositions employing electrostatic field
US3462286A (en) * 1963-07-16 1969-08-19 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method of coating webs with photographic emulsions or other liquid compositions utilizing an electric field
US3501330A (en) * 1964-10-26 1970-03-17 Agfa Gevaert Nv Manufacture of electrophotographic materials
US3522080A (en) * 1966-04-29 1970-07-28 Bayer Ag Process for hardening the surfaces of synthetic materials
US3645773A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-02-29 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for coating substrates in strip-form with photographic emulsion
US3663292A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-05-16 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for coating strip-form substrates
US3645735A (en) * 1969-10-16 1972-02-29 Eastman Kodak Co Coating bead modulation and recording thereby
US3916043A (en) * 1971-11-15 1975-10-28 Eastman Kodak Co Method of coating a spliced web
EP0055982B1 (de) * 1981-01-05 1986-11-12 Polaroid Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von Halbleitergegenständen
EP0055983A2 (de) * 1981-01-05 1982-07-14 Polaroid Corporation Elektrostatisch erregte Beschichtungsspalte
EP0055982A2 (de) * 1981-01-05 1982-07-14 Polaroid Corporation Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beschichten von Halbleitergegenständen
EP0055983B1 (de) * 1981-01-05 1987-05-06 Polaroid Corporation Elektrostatisch erregte Beschichtungsspalte
EP0136606A2 (de) * 1983-10-03 1985-04-10 Polaroid Corporation Verfahren und Geräte zur gleichförmigen Aufladung einer bewegten Bahn
US4517143A (en) * 1983-10-03 1985-05-14 Polaroid Corporation Method and apparatus for uniformly charging a moving web
EP0136606A3 (de) * 1983-10-03 1986-09-10 Polaroid Corporation Verfahren und Geräte zur gleichförmigen Aufladung einer bewegten Bahn
US5049404A (en) * 1987-04-01 1991-09-17 Polaroid Corporation Method and apparatus for applying ultra-thin coatings to a substrate
US4835004A (en) * 1987-07-17 1989-05-30 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for applying a coating liquid to a moving web
US4810432A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-03-07 Polaroid Corporation Method and apparatus for establishing a uniform charge on a substrate
US5798146A (en) * 1995-09-14 1998-08-25 Tri-Star Technologies Surface charging to improve wettability
DE19617724C1 (de) * 1996-05-03 1997-06-19 Agfa Gevaert Ag Herstellung fotografischer Aufzeichnungsmaterialien
US6406541B1 (en) * 1998-02-04 2002-06-18 The Regents Of The University Of California Method and apparatus for adhering and centering particles to the tacky areas on a surface containing an array of tacky and non-tacky areas
US6716286B2 (en) 2000-04-06 2004-04-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method and apparatus with focused electrode field
US6475572B2 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-11-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method with focused web-borne charges
US6666918B2 (en) 2000-04-06 2003-12-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating apparatus with focused web charge field
US6368675B1 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-04-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method and apparatus with focused electrode field
US20030152740A1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2003-08-14 Fuji Photo Film B.V. Method for splicing and coating webs as well as a web obtained with such methods
US7255769B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2007-08-14 Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V. Method for splicing and coating webs as well as a web obtained with such methods
US20100182728A1 (en) * 2007-06-22 2010-07-22 Jendrejack Richard M Apparatus and methods for modification of electrostatic charge on a moving web
US8570703B2 (en) 2007-06-22 2013-10-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Apparatus and methods for modification of electrostatic charge on a moving web
US8605406B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2013-12-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Apparatus and methods for altering charge on a dielectric material
US20090174755A1 (en) * 2008-01-08 2009-07-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of and apparatus for ink jet printing using an electrostatic field
US7942495B2 (en) 2008-01-08 2011-05-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of and apparatus for ink jet printing using an electrostatic field

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB876925A (en) 1961-09-06
BE561953A (de)
FR1196904A (fr) 1959-11-26

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