US2951757A - High temperature nickel base alloy - Google Patents

High temperature nickel base alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
US2951757A
US2951757A US719886A US71988658A US2951757A US 2951757 A US2951757 A US 2951757A US 719886 A US719886 A US 719886A US 71988658 A US71988658 A US 71988658A US 2951757 A US2951757 A US 2951757A
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weight
alloy
alloys
high temperature
temperatures
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Expired - Lifetime
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US719886A
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English (en)
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Jack T Brown
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CBS Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Priority to US719886A priority Critical patent/US2951757A/en
Priority to CH7053159A priority patent/CH401486A/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%

Definitions

  • This invention relates to nickel base alloys particularly suitable for use at extremely high temperatures.
  • alloys should be castable by precision casting techniques into sound members which conform to close tolerances;
  • the alloys should be resistant to oxidation when exposed to the air at elevated temperatures of up to 1800" F.;
  • the alloys should have good stress-rupture strength properties and a ductility of at least 3% along with abil ity to sustain stresses of well over 15,000 p.s.i. at temperatures of 1800 F. for periods of time of from 100 to 500 hours;
  • the alloys should have a high modulus of elasticity over the range of temperatures of use.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an alloy suitable for casting members with substantial accuracy, the alloy having stress-rupture properties so that at temperatures of up to 1800 F. and higher the alloys will not fail in less than 100 hours at loads of in excess of 15,000 psi. with an elongation of atleast 3%.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a nickel base casting alloy comprising predetermined critical proportions of cobalt, chromium, boron and zirconium along with controlled amounts of titanium, aluminum, tungsten and carbon as hardening components.
  • Figure 1 is a stress-rupture graph of the alloy's of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a creep curve of several alloy specimens.
  • Fig. 3 is a curve plotting the stress against the timetemperature parameter for the alloys of the present invention.
  • An alloy composition which possesses the properties tabulated herein has been produced by melting under vacuum components to produce the following alloy composition in which all parts are by weight;
  • the titanium, aluminum, tungsten and carbon cooperate to provide a desired hardness and high temperature strength properties.
  • the proportions of tungsten in this alloy are highly critical.
  • the oxygen and nitrogen content of the alloys should not exceed 0.01%, respectively.
  • the alloys may comprise small amounts of ironordinarily not exceeding approximately 2%. Small amounts of sulfur and phos phorus not over 0.01% each may be present. Manganese and silicon in amounts of up to 0.5% may be present.
  • the presence of incidental impurities and other minor additions, for example, molybdenum, vanadium and colurnbium should not exceed a total of approximately 3% by weight.
  • the alloys are preferably Vacuum melted under a vacuum of the order of 10 microns or less absolute pressure. Vacuum casting of the melt has given excellent results. Casting of the melted alloy under an inert gas, such as argon also produces good cast members. However, melts of the alloy cast in air in precision casting molds have shown good results though greater variability of properties occur. Therefore, for best results the melted alloy should be protected from the air during melting and casting.
  • the melting may be carried out in a vacuum induction furnace or in a vacuum arc melting furnace, either of the consumable are or non-consumable arc type.
  • the alloys of the present invention may be readily cast into turbine blades for gas turbines and jet engines, into bolts for high temperature apparatus, and into jaws and other fixtures employed in the high temperature zone of creep-rupture testing apparatus.
  • precision cast blades from these alloys were produced by casting under an argon atmosphere and such blades had excellent surface finish. None of the known alloys possesses the combination of properties exhibited by the alloys of the present invention up to 1900 F.
  • alloys of the present invention will withstand the oxidizing action of air at temperatures of up to 2000 F. with very minor amounts of oxidation of the alloy for the useful life thereof. For instance, during stress-rupture tests at 1800 F. for periods of time of up to 800 hours in air, the specimens did not show any significant oxidation.
  • alloys also possess an important property particularly desirable for many applications, namely, a high modulus of elasticity both at room temperature, an average of 35,000,000, and at temperatures of up to 2000 F. (for example, 24,000,000 at 1600 F.). These values were obtained by dynamic testing methods. As evidenced by these data, the rate of decrease of the modulus of elasticity with increase in temperature is comparatively small.
  • An alloy suitable for use at temperatures of up to 1900" F. consisting essentially of from 9% to 11% by weight of cobalt, from 9% to 15% by weight of chromium, from 6% to 10% by weight of tungsten, from 3.5% to 5.0% by weight of titanium, from 3% to 5% by weight of aluminum, from 0.04% to 0.2% carbon, from 0.02% to 0.2% boron, from 0.01% to 0.2% zirconium and the balance, at least 50% by Weight, being nickel except for incidental impurities and additions not exceeding 3% by weight, cast members of the alloys developing high creep strength properties without heat treatment.
  • An alloy suitable for use at temperatures of up to 1900 F. at substantial stresses consisting essentially of from 9.5% to 10.5% by weight of cobalt, from 11% to 13% by weight of chromium, from 7.5% to 8.5% by weight of tungsten, from 4.0% to 4.8% by weight of titanium, from 3.5 to 4.8% by weight of aluminum, from 0.08% to 0.13% by weight of carbon, less than 0.01% each of oxygen and nitrogen, from 0.02% to 0.08% by weight of zirconium, from 0.04% to 0.08% boron and the balance, at least 55% by weight, being nickel except for incidental impurities and additions not exceeding 3% by weight.
  • a cast member comprising an alloy suitable for use at a temperature of up to 1900 F. without heat treatment of the cast member consisting essentially of from 9% to 11% by weight of cobalt, from 9% to 15 by weight of chromium, from 6% to 10% by Weight of tungsten, from 3.5% to 5.0% by weight of titanium, from 3% to 5% by Weight of aluminum, from 0.04% to 0.2% carbon, from 0.02% to 0.2% boron, from 0.01% to 0.2% zirconium, and the balance, at least 50% by weight, being nickel except for incidental impurities and additions not exceed ing 3% by weight.
  • a cast member comprising an alloy suitable for use without heat treatment of the cast member at temperatures of up to 1900 F. at substantial stresses, consisting essentially of from 9.5% to 10.5% by weight of cobalt, from 11% to 13% by weight of chromium, from 7.5 to 8.5% by weight of tungsten, from 4.0% to 4.8% by weight of titanium, from 3.5% to 4.8% by weight of aluminum, from 0.08% to 0.13% by weight of carbon, less than 0.01% each of oxygen and nitrogen, from 0.02% to 0.08% by weight of zirconium, from 0.04% to 0.08% boron and the balance, at least 55% by weight, being nickel except for incidental impurities and additions not exceeding 3% by weight.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
US719886A 1958-03-07 1958-03-07 High temperature nickel base alloy Expired - Lifetime US2951757A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US719886A US2951757A (en) 1958-03-07 1958-03-07 High temperature nickel base alloy
CH7053159A CH401486A (de) 1958-03-07 1959-03-06 Mittels Präzisionsgusstechniken giessbare Legierung und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben

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US719886A US2951757A (en) 1958-03-07 1958-03-07 High temperature nickel base alloy

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CH (1) CH401486A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3026198A (en) * 1960-04-11 1962-03-20 Sierra Metals Corp Nickel base casting alloy
US3093476A (en) * 1959-05-27 1963-06-11 Int Nickel Co Nickel-chromium alloys
US3164465A (en) * 1962-11-08 1965-01-05 Martin Metals Company Nickel-base alloys
US3166411A (en) * 1958-10-21 1965-01-19 Int Nickel Co Nickel-chromium alloys
US3232751A (en) * 1962-01-26 1966-02-01 Int Nickel Co Nickel-chromium-cobalt alloys
US3293030A (en) * 1962-05-12 1966-12-20 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Nickel-base alloys
US3415641A (en) * 1966-08-24 1968-12-10 Gen Electric Wrought nickel base alloy
US3976480A (en) * 1974-09-18 1976-08-24 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Nickel base alloy
EP3862448A1 (de) * 2020-02-07 2021-08-11 General Electric Company Superlegierungen auf nickelbasis

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2247643A (en) * 1938-12-24 1941-07-01 Rohn Wilheim Hardening cobalt-nickel-chromium-iron alloys
GB710413A (en) * 1951-03-15 1954-06-09 Mond Nickel Co Ltd Improvements relating to alloys
US2704250A (en) * 1948-12-03 1955-03-15 Crucible Steel Company High temperature high strength alloys
US2809110A (en) * 1954-08-05 1957-10-08 Utica Drop Forge & Tool Corp Alloy for high temperature applications
GB785271A (en) * 1955-03-14 1957-10-23 Mond Nickel Co Ltd Improvements relating to alloys

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2247643A (en) * 1938-12-24 1941-07-01 Rohn Wilheim Hardening cobalt-nickel-chromium-iron alloys
US2704250A (en) * 1948-12-03 1955-03-15 Crucible Steel Company High temperature high strength alloys
GB710413A (en) * 1951-03-15 1954-06-09 Mond Nickel Co Ltd Improvements relating to alloys
US2809110A (en) * 1954-08-05 1957-10-08 Utica Drop Forge & Tool Corp Alloy for high temperature applications
GB785271A (en) * 1955-03-14 1957-10-23 Mond Nickel Co Ltd Improvements relating to alloys

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3166411A (en) * 1958-10-21 1965-01-19 Int Nickel Co Nickel-chromium alloys
US3093476A (en) * 1959-05-27 1963-06-11 Int Nickel Co Nickel-chromium alloys
US3026198A (en) * 1960-04-11 1962-03-20 Sierra Metals Corp Nickel base casting alloy
US3232751A (en) * 1962-01-26 1966-02-01 Int Nickel Co Nickel-chromium-cobalt alloys
US3293030A (en) * 1962-05-12 1966-12-20 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Nickel-base alloys
US3164465A (en) * 1962-11-08 1965-01-05 Martin Metals Company Nickel-base alloys
US3415641A (en) * 1966-08-24 1968-12-10 Gen Electric Wrought nickel base alloy
US3976480A (en) * 1974-09-18 1976-08-24 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Nickel base alloy
EP3862448A1 (de) * 2020-02-07 2021-08-11 General Electric Company Superlegierungen auf nickelbasis
US11384414B2 (en) 2020-02-07 2022-07-12 General Electric Company Nickel-based superalloys

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH401486A (de) 1965-10-31

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