US2944294A - Methods for treating polymeric plastic surfaces - Google Patents

Methods for treating polymeric plastic surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US2944294A
US2944294A US669064A US66906457A US2944294A US 2944294 A US2944294 A US 2944294A US 669064 A US669064 A US 669064A US 66906457 A US66906457 A US 66906457A US 2944294 A US2944294 A US 2944294A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
polishing
drum
polymeric layer
stock
source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US669064A
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English (en)
Inventor
Francis J Bourbeau
Greenhalgh John
Jr Claude F Valle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Polaroid Corp
Original Assignee
Polaroid Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE569009D priority Critical patent/BE569009A/xx
Application filed by Polaroid Corp filed Critical Polaroid Corp
Priority to US669064A priority patent/US2944294A/en
Priority to GB16345/58A priority patent/GB850553A/en
Priority to FR1207537D priority patent/FR1207537A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2944294A publication Critical patent/US2944294A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/02—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances with solvents, e.g. swelling agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C71/0009—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor using liquids, e.g. solvents, swelling agents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper
    • G03C1/79—Macromolecular coatings or impregnations therefor, e.g. varnishes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/42—Structural details
    • G03C8/52—Bases or auxiliary layers; Substances therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
    • B29C59/04—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing using rollers or endless belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2001/00—Use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. viscose, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2001/00—Use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives, e.g. viscose, as moulding material
    • B29K2001/08—Cellulose derivatives
    • B29K2001/12—Cellulose acetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2301/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08J2301/08—Cellulose derivatives
    • C08J2301/10—Esters of organic acids
    • C08J2301/12—Cellulose acetate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/3188—Next to cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31895—Paper or wood

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improved methods for pol? ishing polymeric plastic films to be used; forexample, in connectionwit-h sheetsintended' to provide a base for aphotographicimage-carryinglayer.
  • linear polymeric. plastic. materials such,. for examplegascellulose acetate
  • certain linear polymeric. plastic. materials are: useful in connection with the making ofv pho- EQQ a linear polymer, such as Cellulose acetate, to a base paper such as baryta stock, drying the coating to remove as" much of the solvent as is practicable, and feeding the coated stock to a smooth-surfaced polishing drum, si'mul taneously applying at the nip a minute quantity of a 7 liquid; which has the property, in the quantity and duratographic. prints..- In. the well-Known. Land. diffusiontransfer process, for example, polymeric plastic mate: rials, such as cellulose. acetate, provide.
  • the objects of the present invention are to provide. methods for improving the gloss and uni formity of plastic sheets and coatings; to permit; production of high-gloss coated:- stock at high speeds; and to provide a uniform, high-gloss base layer for receiving photographic images printed by means of the Land diffusion-transfer process.
  • the invention accordingly comprises the process involving the several steps and the relation andorder of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others which are exemplified in. the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the application of which will: be indicated in the claims.
  • a preferred embodiment of the improved process herein described consists essentially in applying a coating of ion. of application, of softening but not completely dissolving the cellulose acetate coating.
  • the liquid is pref.- erably so selected that, in the amount applied and for the interval during: which it is in contact with the surface to be polished, at least the skin portionof, the cellulose acetate layer is softened.
  • Water for example, may be employed as a softener forv cellulose acetate,.butsince water has. a. relatively slow softening action, it is desirable to. maintainthe. surface to be. polished in contact with the polishing drumfor, a relatively longer period than would bedesirable for a. liquid which softens at a more rapid rate, such, forexample, as a, methanol-water mixture.
  • the preferred. apparatus may comprise a supply reel 1 upon which coatedand dried stock has beenwound, spatially separated from a parallel tension.
  • roller 2 which. is in: turn disposed directly below a nip roller 3
  • Niproller 3 is preferablyprovidcd with a nonmetallic, slightly yieldable surface. and may be sodisposed asv to press the stock against.
  • a suitable feed controlvalve 8 may be provided in the line tomani-i fold 6- or at any'otherv point in the feed assembly.
  • Manifold: 6 may have. a series of exit apertures each connectingwitha feed tubev 10 leading to the nip 12.
  • feed tubes 10 should be so spaced laterally that a small, continuous head of liquid will format the. nip; a lateral spacing of the. order of six inches is generally suitable.
  • Drum 14 preferably has a cylindrical, polished chromeplated surface which is as free as possible: from scratches, projections or other irregularities.
  • Drum 14 may have provision for heating the polished surface from within by means, for example, of an annular jacket and suitable supply and return passages for passing hot water through the jacket. Provision may be made for varying the pres! sure of niproller 3 against drum '14-.
  • tension roller'I6 Directly adjacent to drum 14 is positioned tension roller'I6, which is. in turn spaced a suitable distance from an end storage reel 18.
  • Paper stock such as baryta paper is coated by any suitable means with a thin layer of cellulose acetate which maybe applied in the form of a solution madevup of celluloseacetate. flake dissolved in suitable solvents.
  • a suitable solution may comprise 25 g. cellulose acetate, 180 cc. ethyl acetate and 60' cc. methanol.
  • the coated stock is then dried to remove asmuch of-the solvents as feasible, preferably until less" than the order of" 5% of the original solvent remains.
  • the stock should be dry enough to be rollable Without blocke ing.
  • the coated stock may then be wound on a suitable corewhich may then be positioned as supply reel ,1.
  • the coated and dried stock preferably passesunder tension roller 2', around nip roller 3 and is: pressed into contact'with drum 14.
  • a minute quantity of a liquid is applied'to'the coated surface just as it comes into cone tact with drum 14'.
  • This liquid supplied from reservoir 4 through manifold 6 and feed tubes 10, preferably comprises amixture of methanol and 20% watenzby weight.
  • the methanol-water mixture may preferably be regulated so that two to three drops per second are applied I from each feed tube 10. The rate of flow should be such that only a small, continuous bead of Water-methanol can be seen at the nip.
  • the coated stock is then maintained in contact with the polishing drum 14 for a time on the order of one second.
  • the drum surface may preferably be at a temperature of about 180 F., although temperatures on the order of 30 to 40 higher and 50 to 60" lower do not lead to significantly different results.
  • the pressure of the stock against the drum 14 is not critical, so long as at least a minimal pressure is maintained; a good polish will result at pressures ranging from to 250 pounds per linear inch of stock width, or at even higher pressures.
  • the stock is stripped from drum 14 by means of tension roller 16 and may then be wound around storage reel 18 for further processing.
  • the apparatus may also be varied by replacing reservoir 4 and its associated feeding system with suitable devices for spraying or otherwise depositing the water-methanol mix upon the cellulose acetate coating at the nip.
  • Polishing drum 14 may have any suitable internal heating arrangement or may be heated externally.
  • the drum surface temperature may be varied widely. Preferably, the temperature need only be high enough to assist in softening the surface to be polished and to cause substantial redrying of that surface before it is separated from the drum surface.
  • the upper temperature limit is similarly flexible; the'drum temperature should not be so high as to cause the softening liquid to boil away before it has performed its softening function, nor should the temperature be high enough to cause the plastic surface to become overly tacky or to develop other unfavorable properties.
  • the drum surface may be chromium or a chrome alloy, stainless steel, glass, or any other material that will impart the desired surface characteristics to the stock. Although it has been found convenient to use a polishing drum having a diameter between 3 and 6 feet, larger or smaller drums may be used.
  • thermoplastic material which may be softened by a suitable selection of softening agents and heating conditions may be employed.
  • ethyl cellulose or polyvinyl chloride may similarly be polished.
  • methanol, ethanol and butanol may be used with cellulose acetate at relatively low processing speeds; mixtures of water and other compounds, such as ethanol-Water, propanol-water or an acetone-water mixture will be effective even at higher processing speeds, i.e., on the order of clude solvents as well as substances which swell or soften the polymeric plastic to which they are applied without actually dissolving it.
  • this small skin may be smoothed and dried to a high polish during a relatively short contact with the polishing drum.
  • a high gloss may be obtained at significantly higher linear speeds.
  • a prime object of the present invention is to provide an optically smooth, high-gloss surface upon a polymeric plastic material
  • other surface characteristics may be imparted by substituting, for the smooth polishing drum of the preferred embodiment, a surface having other characteristics such as, for example, lenticules or a pebble, wrinkle, or sand finish.
  • polishing elemen and polishing surfacefas used herein shall be understood as including not only smooth sur-' faced elements but also those having the other indicated surface characteristics.
  • the method of polishing the surface of a substantially solvent-free, hardened thermoplastic polymeric layer carried upon a paper support to a high gloss comprises the steps of providing at least one source of a softening agent for said polymeric layer, moving said polymeric layer past said source of softening agent, contacting said polymeric layer during movement past said source with a quantity of softening'agent suflicient to soften only a thin surface portion of said polymeric layer, substantially immediately after passing said source pressing the softened layer surface into contact with a rotating smooth-surfaced polishing element, said polishing element being heated to a temperature sufiicient to substantially redry said softened layer surface, and maintaining said softened layer surface in contact with said heated, rotating polishing element until a smooth, hard, high-gloss surface is formed.
  • said softening agent comprises a solution of water and alcohol.
  • said softening agent comprises a solution of about percent by weight of methanol and about 20 percent by weight of water.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
US669064A 1957-07-01 1957-07-01 Methods for treating polymeric plastic surfaces Expired - Lifetime US2944294A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE569009D BE569009A (ru) 1957-07-01
US669064A US2944294A (en) 1957-07-01 1957-07-01 Methods for treating polymeric plastic surfaces
GB16345/58A GB850553A (en) 1957-07-01 1958-05-21 Improvements relating to processes for polishing or imparting a pattern to thermoplastic polymeric plastic films or layers
FR1207537D FR1207537A (fr) 1957-07-01 1958-06-25 Appareil et procédés pour traiter des surfaces en matière plastique polymère

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US669064A US2944294A (en) 1957-07-01 1957-07-01 Methods for treating polymeric plastic surfaces

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US2944294A true US2944294A (en) 1960-07-12

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BE (1) BE569009A (ru)
FR (1) FR1207537A (ru)
GB (1) GB850553A (ru)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3157717A (en) * 1961-02-02 1964-11-17 Du Pont Repair of relief images
US3544358A (en) * 1966-07-18 1970-12-01 Universal Water Corp Production of semipermeable membranes directly on the surfaces of permeable support bodies
US3645776A (en) * 1967-11-21 1972-02-29 Luraray Co Ltd Process for preparation of leatherlike sheet material with excellent lastability
EP0136843B1 (en) * 1983-09-05 1987-12-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for producing photographic paper
US5024799A (en) * 1987-09-14 1991-06-18 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Method for producing an embossed oriented film
US5108814A (en) * 1987-09-14 1992-04-28 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Embossed oriented film

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1860456A (en) * 1927-08-04 1932-05-31 Dreyfus Camille Process of controlling the luster of fabrics
US1889045A (en) * 1927-02-12 1932-11-29 Dreyfus Camille Process of embossing fabrics and articles containing organic derivatives of cellulose
US1899061A (en) * 1930-03-19 1933-02-28 Silberrad Oswald Manufacture of cellulose acetate
US1912625A (en) * 1930-07-16 1933-06-06 Dreyfus Camille Pile fabric
US1964724A (en) * 1930-10-02 1934-07-03 Dreyfus Camille Tube and method of making the same
US2218227A (en) * 1938-04-02 1940-10-15 Douglas F Winnek Method for embossing sheet plastic material
US2296804A (en) * 1940-09-18 1942-09-22 Research Corp Embossing sheets of cellulose acetate and the like
US2562078A (en) * 1947-08-29 1951-07-24 Douglas F Winnek Apparatus for lenticulating film

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1889045A (en) * 1927-02-12 1932-11-29 Dreyfus Camille Process of embossing fabrics and articles containing organic derivatives of cellulose
US1860456A (en) * 1927-08-04 1932-05-31 Dreyfus Camille Process of controlling the luster of fabrics
US1899061A (en) * 1930-03-19 1933-02-28 Silberrad Oswald Manufacture of cellulose acetate
US1912625A (en) * 1930-07-16 1933-06-06 Dreyfus Camille Pile fabric
US1964724A (en) * 1930-10-02 1934-07-03 Dreyfus Camille Tube and method of making the same
US2218227A (en) * 1938-04-02 1940-10-15 Douglas F Winnek Method for embossing sheet plastic material
US2296804A (en) * 1940-09-18 1942-09-22 Research Corp Embossing sheets of cellulose acetate and the like
US2562078A (en) * 1947-08-29 1951-07-24 Douglas F Winnek Apparatus for lenticulating film

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3157717A (en) * 1961-02-02 1964-11-17 Du Pont Repair of relief images
US3544358A (en) * 1966-07-18 1970-12-01 Universal Water Corp Production of semipermeable membranes directly on the surfaces of permeable support bodies
US3645776A (en) * 1967-11-21 1972-02-29 Luraray Co Ltd Process for preparation of leatherlike sheet material with excellent lastability
EP0136843B1 (en) * 1983-09-05 1987-12-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for producing photographic paper
US5024799A (en) * 1987-09-14 1991-06-18 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Method for producing an embossed oriented film
US5108814A (en) * 1987-09-14 1992-04-28 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Embossed oriented film

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB850553A (en) 1960-10-05
FR1207537A (fr) 1960-02-17
BE569009A (ru) 1900-01-01

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