US2944024A - Lubricants containing fatty acid esters of saccharides - Google Patents
Lubricants containing fatty acid esters of saccharides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2944024A US2944024A US724524A US72452458A US2944024A US 2944024 A US2944024 A US 2944024A US 724524 A US724524 A US 724524A US 72452458 A US72452458 A US 72452458A US 2944024 A US2944024 A US 2944024A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ester
- sucrose
- fatty acid
- lubricating
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/102—Silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/102—Silicates
- C10M2201/103—Clays; Mica; Zeolites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/105—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/022—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
- C10M2207/302—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids derived from the combination of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds only and having no free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/32—Esters of carbonic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10M2209/062—Vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acids, e.g. vinyl acetate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/11—Complex polyesters
- C10M2209/111—Complex polyesters having dicarboxylic acid centres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
- C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Definitions
- This invention relates to lubricating compositions. Particularly, it relates to lubricating oil compositions which are thickened with an ester of a saccharide and a high molecular weight monocarboxylic acid.
- esters of disaccharides and high molecular weight fatty acids can be dispersed in lubricating oils to form semi-fluid greases having excellent stability against separation. Furthermore,-the use of these esters as thickeners makes possible the preparation of non-metallic lubricants and because of their no'npoisonous effect they may be used in those applications where a nonpoisonous lubricant is required. For example, .such ester thickeners may be used to prepare lubricants for use in food handling equipment such as dough mixers, conveyors, bottling, packaging and canning equipment. They may also be used in those applications where an ash-less lubricant is desired. It has been porated.
- the disacchan'de portion of the ester is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, maltose, lactose and cellobiose.
- the monocarboxylic acid portion of. the ester can be derived from fatty acids containing 12 to 32, e.g. 16 to 24 carbon atoms. This includes naturally-occurring or synthetic, substituted and unsubstituted, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Examples of such acids include palmitic, stearic, dihydroxy s'tearic, :behenic, montanic, linolinic, linoleic, arachidic, ricinol'eic, oleic, hydrogenated fish oil, tallow acids, etc.
- esters which can be used as thickeners will include the mono-, diand tri-esters. Specific examples of these esters include: sucrose mono-stearate, sucrose distearate, sucrose tristearate, maltose dipalmitate, maltose monolaurate, maltose dimelissate, cellobiosemonooleate, su-
- sucrose mono and distearatel r may be prepared by dispersing 3 to 40, e.g. 5 to 30 wt. percent of the ester in a lubricating oil by heating the ester and oil mixture until the ester dissolves in the oil under stirring. This will generally occur at about 280 to 320 F. The composition is then allowed to cool without stirring, whereupon a smooth, homogeneous stable semi-fluid grease results.
- a particularly desirable material fo'r use with the ester thickeners are the alkaline earth metal (e.g. calcium, barium, strontium) salts of C to C fatty acids (acetic, propionic, butyric, etc.).
- Calcium acetate is particularly preferred for this purpose, since it will not only make a high dropping point solid grease, but will also impart considerable anti-wear and extreme pressure properties to the ester-containing lubricant.
- the metal salts mentioned above may be added to the ester thickened lubricant in the form of an aqueous solution followed by dehydration, it is generally more desirable to form the alkaline earth metal salt in situ in the ester and oil mixture. This is readily accomplished by the reaction of an alkaline earth metal base, e.g.
- the mixture may or may not be externally heated depending upon what salt is formed and whether or not it is desired in the form of a hydrate.
- the salt formed is calcium acetate and if a small amount of water is present and the temperature of reaction is maintained below about ISO-200 F. the dihydrate will form. Now if the same reaction mixture is heated above about 180-200 F. the monohydrate will form, while temperatures of about 300 F. will result in anhydrous calcium acetate. Either the hydrates or anhydrous form may be desirable depending upon the ultimate use.
- the hydrates will result in the greatest thickening eiiect while the anhydrous form will have less thickening effect but will be more desirable for high temperature use.
- the lubricating oil used in the compositions of the invention may be a mineral lubricating oil, a synthetic lubricating oil, or mixtures thereof.
- Synthetic lubricating oils which may be used include esters of dibasic acids (e.g. di-Z-ethyl hexyl sebacate); esters of glycols (e.g. C Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol); complex esters (e.g.
- additives may also be added to the lubricating composition in amounts of about 0.1 to 10.0 weight percent, based on the totalweight of the composition.
- additives include: detergents such as, calciumpetroleum sulfonate; corrosion inhibitors such as sorbitan monooleate; pour depressants; dyes; still other grease thickeners and the like.
- Example I 18.0 wt. percent of sucrose mono-stearate was added to 82.0 wt. percent of a mineral oil having a viscosity of 55 SUS at 210 F. This mixture was then heated V V V 2,944,024 r while stirring to 300 F. in order to disperse the sucrose iorm, homogeneous, having an opaque appearance and an unworked ASTM penetration at'77 Ref 400 mm./-10.
- Example ll Example I was repeated, but using sucrosedistearate in initiated until the temperature reached 220' F., at which point 'a sample was taken. The remainder of the com position was heated to 320 "F. to completely dehydrate the calcium acetate, followed by cooling to 200 F. where phenyl-u-naphthylamine was added. then cooled to room temperatures.
- compositions prepared above. and their physical characteristics aresummarized in. the following table:
- Alnrcnflest Wgts Carried Four-Ball Wear Test 1,800 r.p.m.10 Kg. 7 Load 75 C.1 hour) ScarSpot diavln 1 Eours to a 5 psi. drop in oxygen pressure. Material still lubricating when test wasdiscontinued.
- Example 1 Example II (22051 demonstrated that calcium acetate monohydrate :successfully further thickened the sucrose distearate-oil composition to a high melting point grease having good load-carrying ability, low wear and oxidation resistance.
- ExamplelIl. f ExamplelIl. f
- Example IV illustrates theme of anhydrous calcium acetate with sucrose monostearate- Thecomparison compositions A(220 F.) andA'(320f. I
- Example I shows the effect of calcium acetate monohydrateand anhydrous calcium acetate as .the sole thickening agent.
- Other esters of the invention may be used to prepare lubricants in the general manner of Example I.
- Example I can be repeated but using cellobiose trioleate inplace-of the sucrose -monost'earate. What is claimedis: i
- -A lubricating grease composltion comprising a major a proportion of lubricating oil, about 5 to 30 .wt'. percent ,of an ester of one mole of a disaccharideand 1-10 3 moles r of a'Ci to C fatty acid and 5 to .40 wt. .percentf'of an alkaline earth metal salt bfa C 1 to C '-'fatty.acid.
- said'ester is a sucrose diester 10f a C .tolC' fatty acid.
- ester is sucrose 'monostearat e.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
. LUBRICANTS CONTAINING FATTYACID ESTERS OF SACCHARIDES Arnold J. Morway, Clark, and Walter E. Waddey, Westfield, N.J., assignors to Esso Research and Engineering Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Mar. 28, 1958, Ser. No. 724,524
7 Claims. (Cl. 252-405) This invention relates to lubricating compositions. Particularly, it relates to lubricating oil compositions which are thickened with an ester of a saccharide and a high molecular weight monocarboxylic acid.
It has been found that esters of disaccharides and high molecular weight fatty acids can be dispersed in lubricating oils to form semi-fluid greases having excellent stability against separation. Furthermore,-the use of these esters as thickeners makes possible the preparation of non-metallic lubricants and because of their no'npoisonous effect they may be used in those applications where a nonpoisonous lubricant is required. For example, .such ester thickeners may be used to prepare lubricants for use in food handling equipment such as dough mixers, conveyors, bottling, packaging and canning equipment. They may also be used in those applications where an ash-less lubricant is desired. It has been porated.
The disacchan'de portion of the ester is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, maltose, lactose and cellobiose. The monocarboxylic acid portion of. the ester can be derived from fatty acids containing 12 to 32, e.g. 16 to 24 carbon atoms. This includes naturally-occurring or synthetic, substituted and unsubstituted, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Examples of such acids include palmitic, stearic, dihydroxy s'tearic, :behenic, montanic, linolinic, linoleic, arachidic, ricinol'eic, oleic, hydrogenated fish oil, tallow acids, etc.
The esters which can be used as thickeners will include the mono-, diand tri-esters. Specific examples of these esters include: sucrose mono-stearate, sucrose distearate, sucrose tristearate, maltose dipalmitate, maltose monolaurate, maltose dimelissate, cellobiosemonooleate, su-
crose monotallowate, etc. Particularly preferred because of their commercial availability in large quantities are the sucrose mono and distearatel r Semi-fluid greases may be prepared by dispersing 3 to 40, e.g. 5 to 30 wt. percent of the ester in a lubricating oil by heating the ester and oil mixture until the ester dissolves in the oil under stirring. This will generally occur at about 280 to 320 F. The composition is then allowed to cool without stirring, whereupon a smooth, homogeneous stable semi-fluid grease results.-
2,944,024 Patented July 5, 1960 and dispersed by slight heating; or a lubricating oil dispersion of the ester may be added to other greases; or the other thickeners may be added or formed in the lubricating oil dispersion of the ester.
A particularly desirable material fo'r use with the ester thickeners are the alkaline earth metal (e.g. calcium, barium, strontium) salts of C to C fatty acids (acetic, propionic, butyric, etc.). Calcium acetate is particularly preferred for this purpose, since it will not only make a high dropping point solid grease, but will also impart considerable anti-wear and extreme pressure properties to the ester-containing lubricant. While the metal salts mentioned above may be added to the ester thickened lubricant in the form of an aqueous solution followed by dehydration, it is generally more desirable to form the alkaline earth metal salt in situ in the ester and oil mixture. This is readily accomplished by the reaction of an alkaline earth metal base, e.g. lime, with the desired acid, e.g. acetic acid or its anhydride. The mixture may or may not be externally heated depending upon what salt is formed and whether or not it is desired in the form of a hydrate. For example, if the salt formed is calcium acetate and if a small amount of water is present and the temperature of reaction is maintained below about ISO-200 F. the dihydrate will form. Now if the same reaction mixture is heated above about 180-200 F. the monohydrate will form, while temperatures of about 300 F. will result in anhydrous calcium acetate. Either the hydrates or anhydrous form may be desirable depending upon the ultimate use. Thus, generally speaking, for low temperature operation the hydrates will result in the greatest thickening eiiect while the anhydrous form will have less thickening effect but will be more desirable for high temperature use. Usually about 5 to 40 wt. percent, e.g. 10 to 35 wt. percent of the alkaline earth metal salt may be advantageously used in the ester thickened oil.
The lubricating oil used in the compositions of the invention may be a mineral lubricating oil, a synthetic lubricating oil, or mixtures thereof. Synthetic lubricating oils which may be used include esters of dibasic acids (e.g. di-Z-ethyl hexyl sebacate); esters of glycols (e.g. C Oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol); complex esters (e.g. the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles'of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of Z-ethyl-hexahoic acid); formals, silico'nes, carbonates, polyglycols and other synthetic lubricating oils known in the art.
Various other additives may also be added to the lubricating composition in amounts of about 0.1 to 10.0 weight percent, based on the totalweight of the composition. Examples of such additives include: detergents such as, calciumpetroleum sulfonate; corrosion inhibitors such as sorbitan monooleate; pour depressants; dyes; still other grease thickeners and the like.
The invention will be further understood by the' following examples which include preferred embodiments of the invention.
Example I 18.0 wt. percent of sucrose mono-stearate was added to 82.0 wt. percent of a mineral oil having a viscosity of 55 SUS at 210 F. This mixture was then heated V V V 2,944,024 r while stirring to 300 F. in order to disperse the sucrose iorm, homogeneous, having an opaque appearance and an unworked ASTM penetration at'77 Ref 400 mm./-10.
' 7' V Example ll Example I was repeated, but using sucrosedistearate in initiated until the temperature reached 220' F., at which point 'a sample was taken. The remainder of the com position was heated to 320 "F. to completely dehydrate the calcium acetate, followed by cooling to 200 F. where phenyl-u-naphthylamine was added. then cooled to room temperatures.
The compositions prepared above. and their physical characteristics aresummarized in. the following table:
place of sucrose monostearate. V V 10 TABLE 7 Composition and properties of examples III IV A 3 1 -11 320 F 320 F 220 F. V szo rl' Composition (wt. percent) Sucrose monostearate- Sucrose distearate Glacial acetic acid.. Hydratedlime Phenyl wnaphthylamine 7 Mineral lubricating oil (558 38 at 210 F 82.0%--- Properties: 7 g 7 7 Appearance; Uniform, homogeneous,
' aque. Stay-putness Does not flow down inclined surface or V V separate oil. 1 Dropping Point, ,Semi-fluid F Q. V Penetration ASTM 77 F., "mm I10- Unworked Worked 60 strokes-- Worked 100,000 strokes..- Water solubility Excellent, 'smo0th,1uniform grease.
Excellent, smooth No grease uniform grease.
NormaHotr'piann Oxidation LubricatlonLile Hours (250" F.-10,000
Alnrcnflest Wgts. Carried Four-Ball Wear Test 1,800 r.p.m.10 Kg. 7 Load 75 C.1 hour) ScarSpot diavln 1 Eours to a 5 psi. drop in oxygen pressure. Material still lubricating when test wasdiscontinued.
a Auti-frictionBearing ManufacturersNation-alLubricating Grease Institute test machine. V
7 Example 111 7 .3
10.0 parts by weight (pf-sucrose distearate was dispersed in 55.6 parts by weight of a mineral lubricating oil having'a viscosity'of 55 SUS at 210 F. by heating and stir-- structure formed. The temperature of reaction rose to 180. .F. and stirring .was continued until the temperature began to drop. External heating was then initiated and the temperature raised to 220 F. Atthis point a portion {of the product was removed for testing. The balance of the grease was heated to 320 F. and then allowed to cool while stirring. At 200 F. on this cooling cycle, 1.0 part by weight of phenyl-a-naphthylamine was added to inhibit oxidation and the grease was allowed tofurther cool to room temperature.
Exa pl IV A grease was prepared in the samemanner as the "grease of' Example HI prepared at 320 F., except for differentproportions of ingredients and the use of the .monostearate in place of the .distearate. I v V 'For comparison purposes a lubricant was prepared usmg calcium facetate as the sole thickener, i.e. without the'ester. Thislubricant :was prepared as :follows:' 13.4
wt percent of hydrated limeand 65.6 wtipercent o'f a mlneral lubricating oil of 55 SUS viscosity at 2l0 F. was mixed to form an intimate slurry. Then 20.0 Wt.
percent of glacial acetic acid was slowly added 'Vwhile Stirring; the -.temperature to 7 -1 80KB H ri was As seen from the preceding table,Examples I and show that both the sucrose monoand distearate formed a semi-fluid or soft greases. Example III (22051 demonstrated that calcium acetate monohydrate :successfully further thickened the sucrose distearate-oil composition to a high melting point grease having good load-carrying ability, low wear and oxidation resistance. ExamplelIl. f
(320 F.) shows that the anhydrous calcium acetate, had
substantially the same efiect as .well as demonstrating that such greases'have a long lubricating life 'atelevatcjd temperatures. Example IV (320 F.) illustrates theme of anhydrous calcium acetate with sucrose monostearate- Thecomparison compositions A(220 F.) andA'(320f. I
F.) show the effect of calcium acetate monohydrateand anhydrous calcium acetate as .the sole thickening agent. Other esters of the invention may be used to prepare lubricants in the general manner of Example I. For .example, Example I can be repeated but using cellobiose trioleate inplace-of the sucrose -monost'earate. What is claimedis: i
. 1. -A lubricating grease composltion comprising a major a proportion of lubricating oil, about 5 to 30 .wt'. percent ,of an ester of one mole of a disaccharideand 1-10 3 moles r of a'Ci to C fatty acid and 5 to .40 wt. .percentf'of an alkaline earth metal salt bfa C 1 to C '-'fatty.acid.
V 2. A lubricating composition accordingjto claim ,1; wherein said ester is asucrose monoester of a C to C fatty acid.' f I V V 3. A lubricating composition according toJclaim 1,
wherein said'ester is a sucrose diester 10f a C .tolC' fatty acid.
4. A lubricating composition according "to claim 1,;
-j-wherein said ester is sucrose 'monostearat e.
5. A lubricating composition according to. claim 1, wherein said ester is sucrose-distearate.
structure.
6. A lubricating, composition according to claim 1; wherein said salt is calcium acetate. V a
7. A lubricating composition according, to claim 6, wherein said calcium acetate is anhydrous.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,115,823 Miller et 111. V May 3, 1938 McLennan Mar. 18, 1947 Sproule et a1. Aug. 19, 1952 Clayton et a1 Jan. 18, 1955 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain Sept; 28, 1933 Great Britain Sept. 17, 1934
Claims (1)
1. A LUBRICATING GREASE COMPOSITION COMPRISING A MAJOR PROPORTION OF LUBRICATING OIL, ABOUT 5 TO 30 WT. PERCENT OF AN ESTER OF ONE MOLE OF A DISACCHARIDE AND 1 TO 3 MOLES OF A C12 TO C32 FATTY ACID AND 5 TO 40 WT. PERCENT OF AN ALKALINE EARTH METAL SALT OF A C2 TO C6 FATTY ACID.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US724524A US2944024A (en) | 1958-03-28 | 1958-03-28 | Lubricants containing fatty acid esters of saccharides |
GB2890/59A GB840368A (en) | 1958-03-28 | 1959-01-27 | Lubricants containing fatty acids esters of saccharides |
DEE17152A DE1091687B (en) | 1958-03-28 | 1959-02-13 | Grease |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US724524A US2944024A (en) | 1958-03-28 | 1958-03-28 | Lubricants containing fatty acid esters of saccharides |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2944024A true US2944024A (en) | 1960-07-05 |
Family
ID=24910758
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US724524A Expired - Lifetime US2944024A (en) | 1958-03-28 | 1958-03-28 | Lubricants containing fatty acid esters of saccharides |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2944024A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1091687B (en) |
GB (1) | GB840368A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005013266A1 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-09-28 | KLüBER LUBRICATION MüNCHEN KG | Use of a lubricating fat composition comprising base oil, thickeners and/or fixed lubricant, preservative and additives, as a lubricant in brewery plants |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB398936A (en) * | 1931-04-17 | 1933-09-28 | Kodak Ltd | Improvements in lubricants |
GB416513A (en) * | 1933-03-17 | 1934-09-17 | James Craik | Improved method of increasing the viscosity of mineral oils |
US2115823A (en) * | 1932-05-23 | 1938-05-03 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating composition |
US2417428A (en) * | 1946-09-19 | 1947-03-18 | Union Oil Co | Lubricating composition |
US2564561A (en) * | 1944-05-20 | 1951-08-14 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Grease composition |
US2607735A (en) * | 1949-03-12 | 1952-08-19 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Alkaline earth metal soap greases |
US2700022A (en) * | 1952-07-15 | 1955-01-18 | California Research Corp | Sugar ester-containing lubricant compositions |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB736812A (en) * | 1951-11-27 | 1955-09-14 | Atlas Powder Co | Improvements in or relating to corrosion inhibited oil compositions |
-
1958
- 1958-03-28 US US724524A patent/US2944024A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1959
- 1959-01-27 GB GB2890/59A patent/GB840368A/en not_active Expired
- 1959-02-13 DE DEE17152A patent/DE1091687B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB398936A (en) * | 1931-04-17 | 1933-09-28 | Kodak Ltd | Improvements in lubricants |
US2115823A (en) * | 1932-05-23 | 1938-05-03 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Lubricating composition |
GB416513A (en) * | 1933-03-17 | 1934-09-17 | James Craik | Improved method of increasing the viscosity of mineral oils |
US2564561A (en) * | 1944-05-20 | 1951-08-14 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Grease composition |
US2417428A (en) * | 1946-09-19 | 1947-03-18 | Union Oil Co | Lubricating composition |
US2607735A (en) * | 1949-03-12 | 1952-08-19 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Alkaline earth metal soap greases |
US2700022A (en) * | 1952-07-15 | 1955-01-18 | California Research Corp | Sugar ester-containing lubricant compositions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB840368A (en) | 1960-07-06 |
DE1091687B (en) | 1960-10-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2940930A (en) | Lubricating grease compositions | |
US2714092A (en) | Lithium base grease containing group ii divalent metal alkyl salicylate, such as zinc alkyl salicylate, as copper corrosion inhibitor | |
US3720695A (en) | Water soluble lubricant | |
US3196109A (en) | Lubricating grease containing boron nitride | |
US2923682A (en) | Lubricating compositions containing mixed salts | |
US2951808A (en) | Lubricant compositions containing metal salts of aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acids as antioxidants | |
US2614076A (en) | Grease compositions | |
US2516136A (en) | Lubricating grease compositions | |
US2944024A (en) | Lubricants containing fatty acid esters of saccharides | |
US3214376A (en) | Lubricating grease compositions | |
US3389085A (en) | Lubricants containing mixed metal salts of mono- and polybasic acids | |
US2985590A (en) | Lubricating oil compositions comprising mercaptobenzothiazole ester derivatives | |
US2937993A (en) | High melting point synthetic base grease containing an alkali metal salt of a dicarboxylic acid | |
US3223631A (en) | Lubricating composition | |
US3278431A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2908645A (en) | Blended lithium calcium base grease | |
US2871191A (en) | Greases stabilized with organic carbonates | |
US3223633A (en) | Lubricant | |
US2880174A (en) | Soap-salt complex thickened greases | |
US3385792A (en) | Lubricants containing mixed metal salt of fatty acid and diphenols | |
US2977303A (en) | Lubricants containing salts of organicsubstituted phosphonic acid | |
US2940932A (en) | Lubricants containing stabilized dispersions of fatty acid salts | |
US2927892A (en) | Oil dispersions of calcium acetate hydrates | |
US3389084A (en) | Lubricating grease containing odd and even-numbered fatty acids | |
US2888402A (en) | Process for preparing lubricating greases |