US2941949A - Acid baths for cleaning and pickling metal - Google Patents

Acid baths for cleaning and pickling metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US2941949A
US2941949A US658961A US65896157A US2941949A US 2941949 A US2941949 A US 2941949A US 658961 A US658961 A US 658961A US 65896157 A US65896157 A US 65896157A US 2941949 A US2941949 A US 2941949A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cleaning
bath
acid
pickling
metal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US658961A
Inventor
Albert J Saukaltis
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Henkel Corp
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Amchem Products Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR1194245D priority Critical patent/FR1194245A/fr
Priority to NL97745D priority patent/NL97745C/xx
Priority to NL227726D priority patent/NL227726A/xx
Priority to BE566739D priority patent/BE566739A/xx
Application filed by Amchem Products Inc filed Critical Amchem Products Inc
Priority to US658961A priority patent/US2941949A/en
Priority to GB5901/58A priority patent/GB817790A/en
Priority to DEA29059A priority patent/DE1095623B/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2941949A publication Critical patent/US2941949A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/04—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors
    • C23G1/06—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors organic inhibitors
    • C23G1/065—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors organic inhibitors sulfur-containing compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/80—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed
    • B01F35/83—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed by controlling the ratio of two or more flows, e.g. using flow sensing or flow controlling devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/02—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for preparing the materials
    • E01C19/10—Apparatus or plants for premixing or precoating aggregate or fillers with non-hydraulic binders, e.g. with bitumen, with resins, i.e. producing mixtures or coating aggregates otherwise than by penetrating or surface dressing; Apparatus for premixing non-hydraulic mixtures prior to placing or for reconditioning salvaged non-hydraulic compositions
    • E01C19/1059—Controlling the operations; Devices solely for supplying or proportioning the ingredients
    • E01C19/1068—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients

Definitions

  • the cleaning and pickling acids with which my invention is especially useful are those non-oxidizing mineral acids from the class which consists of sulphuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, r ilfamic, hydroll ub'fic and fluosll sisa
  • My invention resides in the discovery that the addition of a small amount of triphenyl sulfonium chloride to an slsanias 9 1PiFEQPQQhlE QEPfgl iglfi describsd substantialj prevents or retards the attack of the acid on the Basis metalwithoutinterfefing with theremovahof scale or x15513651 the surface? carrying out my invention the baths are normally used at conventional concentrations of acid and at customary temperatures. These factors, therefore, are familiar to the art and can be varied as desired within the practices which are customary in this field.
  • triphenyl sulfonium chloride which I incorporate in such baths can vary but should, of course, be suflicieut to substantially reduce the rate of acid attack on the basis metal while still accomplishing the "desired 'cleaning and pickling.
  • triphenyl sulfonium chloride is required and my experience indicates that this need be np greater than approximately 1% by weight of the bath, although this limit may be exceeded to a reasonable extent without, apparently, in any way impairing the desired results.
  • a useful amount for any particular acid or type of work can easily be determined by simple test within the knowledge of those skilled in this art.
  • Still another example involved steel panels certain of which were immersed in a 75% phosphoric acid pickling solution containing 1% triphenyl sulfonium chloride. The bath was employed at 45 C., and the panels lost only 1.17 grams per square foot after 24 hours immersion, whereas, similar panels pickled in a similar but uninhibited phosphoric acid solution lost 209 grams per square foot after only 17.5 hours of immersion.
  • cleaning and pickling of metals according to my invention can be carried out with any of the procedures familiar in this art as by continuously passing the metal to be pickled (such as wire or sheets) through a nhmber of baths in a regulated manner or by immersing the articles in the bath for a suitable period of time.
  • the temperature may be varied as indicated above, but ordinarily the baths of my invention are used at temperatures of from to F.
  • a mineral acid bath for cleaning and pickling metal surfaces said bath containing, as an inhibiting addition agent, an amount of triphenyl sulfonium chloride which is sufficient to reduce the rate of acid attack on metal.
  • An acid bath for cleaning and pickling metal surfaces comprising acid from the class consisting of sulphuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, sulfamic, hydrofluoric and fluosilicic acids and including triphenyl sulfonium chloride in an amount sufiicient to reduce the rate of attack of the acid on the metal.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)

Description

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United States Patent 0 ACID BATES FOR CLEANING AND PICKLING METAL Albert J. Saukaitis, Wayne, Pm, nssignor to Amchem Products, Inc., Ambler, Pa., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed May 14, 1957, Ser. No. 658,961
7 Claims. (Cl. 252-451) Xfi' This invention relates to the art of cleaning and pickling metal surfaces and is particularly concerned with the provision of a newmethod and bath for cleaning and pickling surfaces of mild steel, zinc (particularly galvanized steel) and aluminum.
As is well known to those skilled in the art, the cleaning and pickling of the metals mentioned is commonly effected by means of acid baths which remove scale or oxide from the surface and the principal object of my invention is to provide improved baths for this purpose.
The cleaning and pickling acids with which my invention is especially useful are those non-oxidizing mineral acids from the class which consists of sulphuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, r ilfamic, hydroll ub'fic and fluosll sisa My invention resides in the discovery that the addition of a small amount of triphenyl sulfonium chloride to an slsanias 9 1PiFEQPQQhlE QEPfgl iglfi describsd substantialj prevents or retards the attack of the acid on the Basis metalwithoutinterfefing with theremovahof scale or x15513651 the surface? carrying out my invention the baths are normally used at conventional concentrations of acid and at customary temperatures. These factors, therefore, are familiar to the art and can be varied as desired within the practices which are customary in this field.
The quantity of triphenyl sulfonium chloride which I incorporate in such baths can vary but should, of course, be suflicieut to substantially reduce the rate of acid attack on the basis metal while still accomplishing the "desired 'cleaning and pickling. In general, only a relatively small amount of triphenyl sulfonium chloride is required and my experience indicates that this need be np greater than approximately 1% by weight of the bath, although this limit may be exceeded to a reasonable extent without, apparently, in any way impairing the desired results. As a practical matter, a useful amount for any particular acid or type of work can easily be determined by simple test within the knowledge of those skilled in this art.
By way of specific examples the following may be noted but they are in no sense to be considered as limiting. Certain commercial pickling procedures involve use of a 10% 66 B. sulfuric acidbath heated to approximately 180 F. Aba'sic bath of this kind was prepared and to a portion of it was added A triphenyl sulfonium chloride. A succession of mild steel panels were then pickled in the bath for .6 hour each. Panels treated after the 1st, 3rd, th, 22nd, 24th, 26th and 28th hours of bath life were weighed before and after pickling and the weight loss recorded. These weight losses were respectively: 0.615, 0.665, 0.72, 0.75, 0.81, 0.748, and 0.764 gram per square foot per 36 hour immersion. The basic bath containing no inhibitor when used on identical steel panels caused a 72.5 gram per square foot weight loss per 16 hour immersion. The data, therefore, clearly illustrates "ice Patented June 21, 1960 2 the value of my invention in inhibiting attack of the bath upon the metal and further demonstrates that iron buildup in the bath does not materially impair the efiiciency of the inhibitor.
In another example a 3% sulfamic acid olution em ploying 36% by weight of triphenyl sulfonium chloride was used to pickle a galvanized steel panel. After remaining in the solution for 64 hours, the panel showed much less nos'in than an exactly similar panel pickled in the same '5 of acid solution but containing a familiar commercial inhibitor espectially recommended for use in the pickling of galvanized steel instead of the triphenyl sulfonium chloride of my invention. This was true even when the panel was left in the solution for as short a time as 2 hours instead of the 64 hours for the panel treated with the bath of my invention.
In connection with sulfamic acid baths, I should like to point out that these are quite widely used in the cleaning of aluminum, particularly aluminum which is employed in the handling of milk. Such aluminum milk handling equipment frequently becomes completely encrusted with milk scale and it is customary to employ sulfamic acid to remove such scale but, unfortunately, this acid also seriously attacks the aluminum. However, a cleaning solution consisting of grams of sulfamic acid with sufficient water to make cc. when inhibited with A gram triphenyl sulfonium chloride satisfactorily cleaned a severely encrusted aluminum vessel without substantial attack on the basis metal. This, therefore, constitutes a preferred embodiment of my invention.
Still another example involved steel panels certain of which were immersed in a 75% phosphoric acid pickling solution containing 1% triphenyl sulfonium chloride. The bath was employed at 45 C., and the panels lost only 1.17 grams per square foot after 24 hours immersion, whereas, similar panels pickled in a similar but uninhibited phosphoric acid solution lost 209 grams per square foot after only 17.5 hours of immersion.
In conclusion, cleaning and pickling of metals according to my invention can be carried out with any of the procedures familiar in this art as by continuously passing the metal to be pickled (such as wire or sheets) through a nhmber of baths in a regulated manner or by immersing the articles in the bath for a suitable period of time. The temperature may be varied as indicated above, but ordinarily the baths of my invention are used at temperatures of from to F.
I claim:
1. A mineral acid bath for cleaning and pickling metal surfaces, said bath containing, as an inhibiting addition agent, an amount of triphenyl sulfonium chloride which is sufficient to reduce the rate of acid attack on metal.
2, The method of cleaning and pickling surfaces of dteelfzinc and aluminum which consists in subjecting the surface to the 'catiou of a bath according to claim 1.
3. A bath of claim 1 wherein the quantity of triphenyl sulfonium chloride does not exceed 1% by weight of the bath.
4. The method of cleaning and pickling surfaces of steel, zinc and aluminum which consists in subjecting the surface to the action of a bath according to claim 3.
5. An acid bath for cleaning and pickling metal surfaces, said bath comprising acid from the class consisting of sulphuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, sulfamic, hydrofluoric and fluosilicic acids and including triphenyl sulfonium chloride in an amount sufiicient to reduce the rate of attack of the acid on the metal.
6. The acid bath of claim 5 in which the mineral acid is sulfamic acid.
7. The method of cleaning and pickling surface? of steel, zinc and aluminum which consists in subjecting the surface to the action of a bath according to claim 5.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES pATgNTs Semon Z2 C./ 2/JJSApr. 5, 1932 Grebe et a1. -ZILCLifASept. 13, 1932 MacArthur ct 9132;!!5.-- June 25, 1935 Arveson 2.s&: 2s 1=eb. 21, 1939 Lieber et aLZDZLAi-LH Mar. 7, 1939 Werntz "2.4141174 Oct. 31, 1939 4 Hunt -..e2f3: f Nov. 5, 1940 Jordon ..ZZC.:! Z Nov. 28, 1950 Hauser .2 C ..If:-Z Nov. 2a, 1950 Skinner ..2' ::z? June 15, 1954 Meyer "252.1252- Jan. 4, 1955 Funderburk et 1111 224222: Feb. 15, 1955 Cardwell =1 al.2.e:./ 7flf2 Iu1y 12, 1955 Chiddix et a]. ffiizfl Aug. 21, 1956 Pitt -1291 45513 21111 1 30, 1957 Beiswanger et 9.1.?211221. Nov. 26, 1957

Claims (1)

1. A MINERAL ACID BATH OF CLEANING AND PICKING METAL SURFACES, SAID BATH CONTAINING, AS AN INHIBITING ADDITION AGENT, AN AMOUNT OF TRIPHENYL SULFONIUM CHLORIDE WHICH IS SUFFICIENT TO REDUCE THE RATE OF ACID ATTACK ON METAL.
US658961A 1957-05-14 1957-05-14 Acid baths for cleaning and pickling metal Expired - Lifetime US2941949A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1194245D FR1194245A (en) 1957-05-14
NL97745D NL97745C (en) 1957-05-14
NL227726D NL227726A (en) 1957-05-14
BE566739D BE566739A (en) 1957-05-14
US658961A US2941949A (en) 1957-05-14 1957-05-14 Acid baths for cleaning and pickling metal
GB5901/58A GB817790A (en) 1957-05-14 1958-02-24 Improvements in or relating to acid baths for cleaning and pickling metal
DEA29059A DE1095623B (en) 1957-05-14 1958-03-15 An acid bath containing an inhibitor for cleaning and pickling metal surfaces

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US658961A US2941949A (en) 1957-05-14 1957-05-14 Acid baths for cleaning and pickling metal

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US2941949A true US2941949A (en) 1960-06-21

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BE (1) BE566739A (en)
DE (1) DE1095623B (en)
FR (1) FR1194245A (en)
GB (1) GB817790A (en)
NL (2) NL97745C (en)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3083180A (en) * 1960-06-10 1963-03-26 Monsanto Chemicals Oxygen-containing heterocyclemethyl dihydroquinolinyl ethers
US3274114A (en) * 1965-11-04 1966-09-20 Grof Tibor Thomas Process for detarnishing and inhibiting copper and copper alloys
US3668137A (en) * 1969-04-01 1972-06-06 Amchem Prod Composition and method for inhibiting acid attack of metals
US3718594A (en) * 1970-11-30 1973-02-27 Eastman Kodak Co Method of preparing magnetically responsive carrier particles
US3764543A (en) * 1971-02-23 1973-10-09 Dow Chemical Co Sulfonium compound as a corrosion inhibitor in aqueous acid
US3819527A (en) * 1972-11-06 1974-06-25 Amchem Prod Composition and method for inhibiting acid attack of metals
US4053329A (en) * 1976-04-02 1977-10-11 Ppg Industries, Inc. Method of improving corrosion resistance of metal substrates by passivating with an onium salt-containing material
US4180469A (en) * 1977-12-30 1979-12-25 Amchem Products, Inc. Dithiocarbamate sulfonium salt inhibitor composition
DE3742367A1 (en) * 1987-12-14 1989-06-22 Pelox Chemietechnik Gmbh Co Kg Pickling and cleaning agent for metal surfaces
US5492629A (en) * 1993-10-12 1996-02-20 H.E.R.C. Products Incorporated Method of cleaning scale and stains in water systems and related equipment
US5873944A (en) * 1997-05-13 1999-02-23 H.E.R.C. Products Incorporated Vacuum waste pipe cleaning
US5895763A (en) * 1997-04-16 1999-04-20 H.E.R.C. Products Incorporated Controlled carbonate removal from water conduit systems
US20050095871A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-05 Chang Cathleen H. Process of maintaining hybrid etch
US20050194025A1 (en) * 2001-12-26 2005-09-08 H.E.R.C. Products Incorporated Countermeasure washdown system cleaning
US10301553B2 (en) 2017-02-28 2019-05-28 Ecolab Usa Inc. Use of sulfonium salts as hydrogen sulfide inhibitors
US10900128B2 (en) 2018-08-29 2021-01-26 Championx Usa Inc. Use of sulfonium salts as corrosion inhibitors

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3277008A (en) * 1962-04-20 1966-10-04 Pfaudler Permutit Inc Surface cleaning method and composition
GB1444171A (en) * 1973-04-11 1976-07-28 Dow Chemical Co Sulphonium salt corrosion inhibitors for aqueous acidic metal cleaning solutions rev
FR2467547A1 (en) * 1979-10-22 1981-04-30 Elf Aquitaine Pesticidal tetra:decyl di:alkyl sulphonium salts - useful as bactericides, fungicides, algicides and corrosion inhibitors
NL9002321A (en) * 1990-10-24 1992-05-18 Grint & Zandexpl Mij Vh Smals METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DOSING, MIXING AND APPLICATION OF A SPECIAL SPECIAL.
US5522459A (en) * 1993-06-03 1996-06-04 Halliburton Company Continuous multi-component slurrying process at oil or gas well
US5452954A (en) * 1993-06-04 1995-09-26 Halliburton Company Control method for a multi-component slurrying process

Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1852194A (en) * 1929-04-19 1932-04-05 Goodrich Co B F Method of cleaning and pickling metals
US1877504A (en) * 1932-06-30 1932-09-13 Dow Chemical Co Treatment of deep wells
US2006216A (en) * 1932-02-26 1935-06-25 Ici Ltd Inhibitor
US2148006A (en) * 1938-10-21 1939-02-21 Standard Oil Co Acidizing wells
US2149894A (en) * 1934-12-11 1939-03-07 Standard Oil Dev Co Carbon remover
US2178353A (en) * 1937-07-21 1939-10-31 Du Pont High molecular weight tetravalent sulphur compounds and process for their production
US2220451A (en) * 1938-02-09 1940-11-05 Du Pont Composition
US2531812A (en) * 1948-01-16 1950-11-28 Ernst A Hauser Application of drilling fluids
US2531440A (en) * 1947-03-29 1950-11-28 Nat Lead Co Lubricants
US2681314A (en) * 1951-12-21 1954-06-15 Shell Dev Process for an inorganic colloid thickened grease
US2698781A (en) * 1953-04-27 1955-01-04 Enthone Accelerating action of acids on metals
US2702279A (en) * 1955-02-15 Detergent compositions having
US2713033A (en) * 1952-09-15 1955-07-12 Dow Chemical Co Acidizing oil-bearing formations
US2759975A (en) * 1952-05-28 1956-08-21 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Mixed alkyl-benzyl-alkylol quaternary ammonium salts
US2800747A (en) * 1955-06-15 1957-07-30 Stauffer Chemical Co Soil conditioning
US2814593A (en) * 1953-12-18 1957-11-26 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Corrosion inhibition

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE699060C (en) * 1939-06-24 1940-11-21 Henkel & Cie Gmbh Procedure for removing milk stone

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2702279A (en) * 1955-02-15 Detergent compositions having
US1852194A (en) * 1929-04-19 1932-04-05 Goodrich Co B F Method of cleaning and pickling metals
US2006216A (en) * 1932-02-26 1935-06-25 Ici Ltd Inhibitor
US1877504A (en) * 1932-06-30 1932-09-13 Dow Chemical Co Treatment of deep wells
US2149894A (en) * 1934-12-11 1939-03-07 Standard Oil Dev Co Carbon remover
US2178353A (en) * 1937-07-21 1939-10-31 Du Pont High molecular weight tetravalent sulphur compounds and process for their production
US2220451A (en) * 1938-02-09 1940-11-05 Du Pont Composition
US2148006A (en) * 1938-10-21 1939-02-21 Standard Oil Co Acidizing wells
US2531440A (en) * 1947-03-29 1950-11-28 Nat Lead Co Lubricants
US2531812A (en) * 1948-01-16 1950-11-28 Ernst A Hauser Application of drilling fluids
US2681314A (en) * 1951-12-21 1954-06-15 Shell Dev Process for an inorganic colloid thickened grease
US2759975A (en) * 1952-05-28 1956-08-21 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Mixed alkyl-benzyl-alkylol quaternary ammonium salts
US2713033A (en) * 1952-09-15 1955-07-12 Dow Chemical Co Acidizing oil-bearing formations
US2698781A (en) * 1953-04-27 1955-01-04 Enthone Accelerating action of acids on metals
US2814593A (en) * 1953-12-18 1957-11-26 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Corrosion inhibition
US2800747A (en) * 1955-06-15 1957-07-30 Stauffer Chemical Co Soil conditioning

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3083180A (en) * 1960-06-10 1963-03-26 Monsanto Chemicals Oxygen-containing heterocyclemethyl dihydroquinolinyl ethers
US3274114A (en) * 1965-11-04 1966-09-20 Grof Tibor Thomas Process for detarnishing and inhibiting copper and copper alloys
US3668137A (en) * 1969-04-01 1972-06-06 Amchem Prod Composition and method for inhibiting acid attack of metals
US3718594A (en) * 1970-11-30 1973-02-27 Eastman Kodak Co Method of preparing magnetically responsive carrier particles
US3764543A (en) * 1971-02-23 1973-10-09 Dow Chemical Co Sulfonium compound as a corrosion inhibitor in aqueous acid
US3819527A (en) * 1972-11-06 1974-06-25 Amchem Prod Composition and method for inhibiting acid attack of metals
US4053329A (en) * 1976-04-02 1977-10-11 Ppg Industries, Inc. Method of improving corrosion resistance of metal substrates by passivating with an onium salt-containing material
US4180469A (en) * 1977-12-30 1979-12-25 Amchem Products, Inc. Dithiocarbamate sulfonium salt inhibitor composition
DE3742367A1 (en) * 1987-12-14 1989-06-22 Pelox Chemietechnik Gmbh Co Kg Pickling and cleaning agent for metal surfaces
US5492629A (en) * 1993-10-12 1996-02-20 H.E.R.C. Products Incorporated Method of cleaning scale and stains in water systems and related equipment
US5895763A (en) * 1997-04-16 1999-04-20 H.E.R.C. Products Incorporated Controlled carbonate removal from water conduit systems
US5873944A (en) * 1997-05-13 1999-02-23 H.E.R.C. Products Incorporated Vacuum waste pipe cleaning
US20050194025A1 (en) * 2001-12-26 2005-09-08 H.E.R.C. Products Incorporated Countermeasure washdown system cleaning
US20050095871A1 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-05 Chang Cathleen H. Process of maintaining hybrid etch
US7138342B2 (en) * 2003-10-31 2006-11-21 The Boeing Company Process of maintaining hybrid etch
US10301553B2 (en) 2017-02-28 2019-05-28 Ecolab Usa Inc. Use of sulfonium salts as hydrogen sulfide inhibitors
US10900128B2 (en) 2018-08-29 2021-01-26 Championx Usa Inc. Use of sulfonium salts as corrosion inhibitors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL227726A (en)
FR1194245A (en) 1959-11-06
NL97745C (en)
GB817790A (en) 1959-08-06
BE566739A (en)
DE1095623B (en) 1960-12-22

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