US2380284A - Method of cleaning ferrous metal articles - Google Patents
Method of cleaning ferrous metal articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2380284A US2380284A US469703A US46970342A US2380284A US 2380284 A US2380284 A US 2380284A US 469703 A US469703 A US 469703A US 46970342 A US46970342 A US 46970342A US 2380284 A US2380284 A US 2380284A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alkali metal
- cleaning
- bath
- cyanide
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- -1 alkali metal cyanide Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/28—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with molten salts
Definitions
- This invention relates to metal cleaning, for example removal of oxides and other foreign material from the surface of iron, steel and other metal articles by treatment in certain novel fused baths.
- Oxide coatings are commonly removed from iron and steel by acid pickling operations. This method of deoxidizing steel surfaces has the disadvantage that the acid tends to etch the metal after the oxide is removed and also tends to corrode steel equipment. After the pickling operations the pickled metal usually has to be subjected to an alkaline treatment to remove the last traces of acid. Aqueous alkaline solutions are also used in metal cleaning but with the exception of electrolytic methods these are useful only for the purpose of removing greasy impurities and are not effective for removing oxides.
- An object of the present invention is an emclent method and composition for cleaning metals which is especially adapted for removal of oxide scale from iron or steel articles but which is also effective in removing other types of impurities from metal surfaces, including oils, greases and other organic impurities.
- the above objects may be attained in accordance with the present invention by contacting the metal surface to be cleaned with a molten mixture of alkali metal cyanide and alkali metal hydroxide at an elevated temperature.
- the treatment of ferrous metals in a fused bath containing alkali metal cyanide results in carburizing or nitrlding, or both.
- fused alkali metal hydroxides containing relatively large amounts of alkali metal cyanide may be utilized as herein described substantially without any carburizing or nitriding effect.
- the cyanide acts as an active reducing agent to reduce and thereby remove oxide scale from the article to be cleaned while the fused alkali metal hydroxide component of the bath effectively removes organic impurities.
- a metal cleaning bath may be prepared according to my invention by dissolving alkali metal cyanide, for example, in concentrations of about -80% by weight in fused alkali metal hydroxid preferably anhydrous.
- the melting point of such compositions will vary from slightly above 200 C. up to between 400 and 500 C., de-
- alkali metal hydroxides and cyanides pending upon the particular alkali metal hydroxides and cyanides utilized.
- Such a mixture will have an eutectic point generally ranging Ordinarily from about 40 to by weight of alkali metal cyanide, depending on the ingredients chosen.
- the eutectic mixture of sodium cyanide and sodium hydroxide contains about 40% by weight of sodium cyanide and melts at about 220 C.
- the bath may be diluted with various other fusible inorganic compounds which are substantially non-reactive towards alkali metal hydroxides and cyanides.
- alkali metal hydroxide may be replaced by an alkali metal carbonate, such as soda ash.
- alkali metal carbonate such as soda ash.
- my cleaning baths invariably will contain more or less alkali metal carbonate caused by absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
- terials may be added to the bath in concentrations up to 20 to 50% by weight of the bath, for example alkali and alkaline earth metal halides, borates, phosphates, and the like. amples of such diluents are: barium chloride, so-
- hydroxide and cyanide be derived from the same alkali metal and if desired mixtures of one or more diiferent alkali metal hydroxides with one or more difierent alkali metal cyanides may be utilized in any desired combination.
- I have obtained excellent results with baths made by fusing together equal parts of sodium and potassium cyanide with various amounts of'caustic soda.
- the eutectic point corresponds to an alkali metal cyanide concentration of about 60% by weight and a melting point of about 240 C.
- the cleaning bath In order to clean ironor steel articles without carburization or nitriding, the cleaning bath must be operated at a temperature below 600 0., preferably at 300 to 500 C. For this reason and in order that the bath may have a suitable degree of fluidity I prefer to utilize a bath having a melting point not higher than about 400 C. Best results are usually obtained by using a substantially eutectic composition having a melting point between 200 and 300 C. Such baths will have more or less cleaning action at temperatures as low as the melting point, but effective cleaning action usually does not occur until the temperature has risen to around 300 C. Within the range of 300 to 500 C., the herein described baths effectively clean iron and steel by reduction of oxides and by decomposition and removal of or- Other diluent maare also case hardened.
- the herein described process is also eflective for cleaning non-ferrous articles as well as ferrous metals.
- it may be used for cleaning nickel, brass, copper, bronze, monel metal, and the like. This method, of course, is
- ot suitable for treating metals such as, zinc, which are highly reactive with molten alkali metal hydroxides.
- the metal articles may be contacted with the molten cleaning composition in any desired manner, it is ordinarily preferable to simply immerse the article to be cleaned in the fused bath for a sufficient time to effect the desired cleaning.
- the time of treatment will vary depending on the nature and amount of the oxide present. Usual- 1y, 2. treating time may vary from 1 to 30 minutes.
- the cleaned article After removal from the cleaning bath, the cleaned article may be cooled and washed with water or directly quenched in a water bath.
- the cleaned article After washing to remove the alkaline cleaning composition, the cleaned article is ready for other operations, such as electroplating, galvanizing, painting or the like.
- the method of removing impurities in the form of oxides from a ferrous metal article which comprises subjecting said article to the cleaning action of a fused bath consisting essentially of a substantially homogeneous, anhydrous, eutectic mixture of alkali metal hydroxide and alkali metal cyanide, while maintaining said bath at a temperature below 600 C.
- the method of removing impurities in the form of oxides from a ferrous metal article which comprises subjecting said article to the cleaning action of a fused bath consisting essentially 01' a substantially homogeneous, anhydrous, eutectic mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium cyanide, in approximately 60-40 weight ratio, while maintaining said bath at a temperature substantially within the range of 300 to 500 C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Description
Patented July 10, 1945 METHOD OF CLEANING FERROUS METAL ARTICLES James H. Young, Niagara Falls, N. Y., assignor to E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, DeL; a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application December 21, 1942, Serial No. 469,703
2 Claims.
This invention relates to metal cleaning, for example removal of oxides and other foreign material from the surface of iron, steel and other metal articles by treatment in certain novel fused baths.
Oxide coatings are commonly removed from iron and steel by acid pickling operations. This method of deoxidizing steel surfaces has the disadvantage that the acid tends to etch the metal after the oxide is removed and also tends to corrode steel equipment. After the pickling operations the pickled metal usually has to be subjected to an alkaline treatment to remove the last traces of acid. Aqueous alkaline solutions are also used in metal cleaning but with the exception of electrolytic methods these are useful only for the purpose of removing greasy impurities and are not effective for removing oxides.
An object of the present invention is an emclent method and composition for cleaning metals which is especially adapted for removal of oxide scale from iron or steel articles but which is also effective in removing other types of impurities from metal surfaces, including oils, greases and other organic impurities. Other objects will be apparent from the ensuing description of the invention.
The above objects may be attained in accordance with the present invention by contacting the metal surface to be cleaned with a molten mixture of alkali metal cyanide and alkali metal hydroxide at an elevated temperature. the treatment of ferrous metals in a fused bath containing alkali metal cyanide results in carburizing or nitrlding, or both. However, I have discovered that fused alkali metal hydroxides containing relatively large amounts of alkali metal cyanide may be utilized as herein described substantially without any carburizing or nitriding effect. Under the conditions in my herein described process the cyanide acts as an active reducing agent to reduce and thereby remove oxide scale from the article to be cleaned while the fused alkali metal hydroxide component of the bath effectively removes organic impurities.
A metal cleaning bath may be prepared according to my invention by dissolving alkali metal cyanide, for example, in concentrations of about -80% by weight in fused alkali metal hydroxid preferably anhydrous. The melting point of such compositions will vary from slightly above 200 C. up to between 400 and 500 C., de-
pending upon the particular alkali metal hydroxides and cyanides utilized. Such a mixture will have an eutectic point generally ranging Ordinarily from about 40 to by weight of alkali metal cyanide, depending on the ingredients chosen. For example, the eutectic mixture of sodium cyanide and sodium hydroxide contains about 40% by weight of sodium cyanide and melts at about 220 C.
If desired, for the purpose of adjusting the melting point of the bath or for other reasons, the bath may be diluted with various other fusible inorganic compounds which are substantially non-reactive towards alkali metal hydroxides and cyanides. For example, up to about 50% by weight of the alkali metal hydroxide may be replaced by an alkali metal carbonate, such as soda ash. After extended periods of use my cleaning baths invariably will contain more or less alkali metal carbonate caused by absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. terials may be added to the bath in concentrations up to 20 to 50% by weight of the bath, for example alkali and alkaline earth metal halides, borates, phosphates, and the like. amples of such diluents are: barium chloride, so-
.dium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and strontium chloride.
, It is not necessary that the hydroxide and cyanide be derived from the same alkali metal and if desired mixtures of one or more diiferent alkali metal hydroxides with one or more difierent alkali metal cyanides may be utilized in any desired combination. For example I have obtained excellent results with baths made by fusing together equal parts of sodium and potassium cyanide with various amounts of'caustic soda. In this combination, the eutectic point corresponds to an alkali metal cyanide concentration of about 60% by weight and a melting point of about 240 C.
In order to clean ironor steel articles without carburization or nitriding, the cleaning bath must be operated at a temperature below 600 0., preferably at 300 to 500 C. For this reason and in order that the bath may have a suitable degree of fluidity I prefer to utilize a bath having a melting point not higher than about 400 C. Best results are usually obtained by using a substantially eutectic composition having a melting point between 200 and 300 C. Such baths will have more or less cleaning action at temperatures as low as the melting point, but effective cleaning action usually does not occur until the temperature has risen to around 300 C. Within the range of 300 to 500 C., the herein described baths effectively clean iron and steel by reduction of oxides and by decomposition and removal of or- Other diluent maare also case hardened.
The herein described process is also eflective for cleaning non-ferrous articles as well as ferrous metals. For example, it may be used for cleaning nickel, brass, copper, bronze, monel metal, and the like. This method, of course, is
ot suitable for treating metalssuch as, zinc, which are highly reactive with molten alkali metal hydroxides.
While the metal articles may be contacted with the molten cleaning composition in any desired manner, it is ordinarily preferable to simply immerse the article to be cleaned in the fused bath for a sufficient time to effect the desired cleaning. For complete removal of oxide impurities, the time of treatment will vary depending on the nature and amount of the oxide present. Usual- 1y, 2. treating time may vary from 1 to 30 minutes.
After removal from the cleaning bath, the cleaned article may be cooled and washed with water or directly quenched in a water bath.
After washing to remove the alkaline cleaning composition, the cleaned article is ready for other operations, such as electroplating, galvanizing, painting or the like.
I claim:
1. The method of removing impurities in the form of oxides from a ferrous metal article which comprises subjecting said article to the cleaning action of a fused bath consisting essentially of a substantially homogeneous, anhydrous, eutectic mixture of alkali metal hydroxide and alkali metal cyanide, while maintaining said bath at a temperature below 600 C.
2. The method of removing impurities in the form of oxides from a ferrous metal article which comprises subjecting said article to the cleaning action of a fused bath consisting essentially 01' a substantially homogeneous, anhydrous, eutectic mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium cyanide, in approximately 60-40 weight ratio, while maintaining said bath at a temperature substantially within the range of 300 to 500 C.
JAMES H. YOUNG.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US469703A US2380284A (en) | 1942-12-21 | 1942-12-21 | Method of cleaning ferrous metal articles |
| GB21312/43A GB575103A (en) | 1942-12-21 | 1943-12-20 | Improvements in and relating to the cleaning of metals and metal articles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US469703A US2380284A (en) | 1942-12-21 | 1942-12-21 | Method of cleaning ferrous metal articles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2380284A true US2380284A (en) | 1945-07-10 |
Family
ID=23864771
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US469703A Expired - Lifetime US2380284A (en) | 1942-12-21 | 1942-12-21 | Method of cleaning ferrous metal articles |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2380284A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB575103A (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2425907A (en) * | 1947-08-19 | Method of washing glass surfaces | ||
| US2440837A (en) * | 1943-07-28 | 1948-05-04 | J H Shoemaker | Metal cleaning composition |
| US2442802A (en) * | 1945-09-07 | 1948-06-08 | Ici Ltd | Cleaning of metals |
| US2567456A (en) * | 1947-04-07 | 1951-09-11 | J H Shoemaker | Metal cleaning composition and process |
| US2619436A (en) * | 1946-08-06 | 1952-11-25 | Taylor H Beech | Method of cleaning glass forming molds |
| US2632718A (en) * | 1946-08-21 | 1953-03-24 | William Isler | Method of descaling ferrous metals |
| US2678290A (en) * | 1946-09-05 | 1954-05-11 | Pottberg Rolfe | Process of removing surface oxide films on metal |
| US2738294A (en) * | 1951-09-13 | 1956-03-13 | Diamond Alkali Co | Salt bath system and method for treating metals |
| US3030239A (en) * | 1957-10-24 | 1962-04-17 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Process and salt for descaling of metals |
| US3069296A (en) * | 1961-06-23 | 1962-12-18 | Bell Aerospace | Method for removal of iron nitride |
| US3153602A (en) * | 1961-07-11 | 1964-10-20 | Foseco Int | Treatment of vessels used for holding molten aluminum metal |
| US3506487A (en) * | 1966-12-13 | 1970-04-14 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Process for the removal of scale from very scaly metal surfaces |
| US3698467A (en) * | 1971-01-04 | 1972-10-17 | United Aircraft Corp | Method of removing silaceous cores from nickel and cobalt superalloy castings |
| US4756846A (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1988-07-12 | Amchem Products, Inc. | Alkaline tin-plate degreasing detergent |
| US20130316192A1 (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2013-11-28 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Method for surface treatment of a protectively coated substrate |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111041501A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-21 | 河南航天精工制造有限公司 | Mixed alkali for removing titanium alloy surface oxide and method for removing titanium alloy surface oxide |
-
1942
- 1942-12-21 US US469703A patent/US2380284A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1943
- 1943-12-20 GB GB21312/43A patent/GB575103A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2425907A (en) * | 1947-08-19 | Method of washing glass surfaces | ||
| US2440837A (en) * | 1943-07-28 | 1948-05-04 | J H Shoemaker | Metal cleaning composition |
| US2442802A (en) * | 1945-09-07 | 1948-06-08 | Ici Ltd | Cleaning of metals |
| US2619436A (en) * | 1946-08-06 | 1952-11-25 | Taylor H Beech | Method of cleaning glass forming molds |
| US2632718A (en) * | 1946-08-21 | 1953-03-24 | William Isler | Method of descaling ferrous metals |
| US2678290A (en) * | 1946-09-05 | 1954-05-11 | Pottberg Rolfe | Process of removing surface oxide films on metal |
| US2567456A (en) * | 1947-04-07 | 1951-09-11 | J H Shoemaker | Metal cleaning composition and process |
| US2738294A (en) * | 1951-09-13 | 1956-03-13 | Diamond Alkali Co | Salt bath system and method for treating metals |
| US3030239A (en) * | 1957-10-24 | 1962-04-17 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Process and salt for descaling of metals |
| US3069296A (en) * | 1961-06-23 | 1962-12-18 | Bell Aerospace | Method for removal of iron nitride |
| US3153602A (en) * | 1961-07-11 | 1964-10-20 | Foseco Int | Treatment of vessels used for holding molten aluminum metal |
| US3506487A (en) * | 1966-12-13 | 1970-04-14 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Process for the removal of scale from very scaly metal surfaces |
| US3698467A (en) * | 1971-01-04 | 1972-10-17 | United Aircraft Corp | Method of removing silaceous cores from nickel and cobalt superalloy castings |
| US4756846A (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1988-07-12 | Amchem Products, Inc. | Alkaline tin-plate degreasing detergent |
| US20130316192A1 (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2013-11-28 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Method for surface treatment of a protectively coated substrate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB575103A (en) | 1946-02-04 |
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