US2940935A - Spray-dried, non-clotting, granulated soap product and method of producing the same - Google Patents

Spray-dried, non-clotting, granulated soap product and method of producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2940935A
US2940935A US554143A US55414355A US2940935A US 2940935 A US2940935 A US 2940935A US 554143 A US554143 A US 554143A US 55414355 A US55414355 A US 55414355A US 2940935 A US2940935 A US 2940935A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
soap
alkali metal
spray
clotting
sodium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US554143A
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English (en)
Inventor
Reich Irving
William A Kelly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lever Brothers Co
Original Assignee
Lever Brothers Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DENDAT1068412D priority Critical patent/DE1068412B/de
Application filed by Lever Brothers Co filed Critical Lever Brothers Co
Priority to US554143A priority patent/US2940935A/en
Priority to GB38651/56A priority patent/GB810755A/en
Priority to FR1169015D priority patent/FR1169015A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2940935A publication Critical patent/US2940935A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
    • C11D11/02—Preparation in the form of powder by spray drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
    • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
    • C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
    • C11D9/08—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D9/10—Salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
    • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
    • C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
    • C11D9/08—Water-soluble compounds
    • C11D9/10—Salts
    • C11D9/12—Carbonates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a soap product and *to a method of producing the same, and more particularly to a spray-dried, non-clotting, granulated soap product and to a method of producing the same.
  • Granulated soap products are soaps which have been prepared for household use by slurrying the soaps with water, spraying the slurry, and drying the droplets in heated air. They consist of tiny granules, more or less irregular in shape. Usually they include a few percent of inorganic and alkaline substances, such as sodium silicate and tetrasodium pyrophosphate, in addition to the soap. Granulated soap products of this type are widely used for household washing.-
  • One of the main advantages of this form of soap product is the relatively short time required in which water solutions or dispersions of soluble soaps may be obtained as compared with the time required to do so when using bars or sliced or chipped forms.
  • clotted soap products adhere to fabrics or surfaces being washed, in some instances leaving the surfaces smeared or blotched even after the washing and rinsing procedures have been completed.
  • the tendency of granulated soap products to form clots 5 may be reduced if the soap is first dispersed in cold water and this dispersion is then poured into hot water. This, however, is 'an inconvenient extra operation. It is not easily accomplished in all types of mechanical washers.
  • the tendency of granulated soap products to clot may also be reduced by forming the granulate particles as irregular or scraggly particles rather than as puffed or hollow particles.
  • An irregular or scraggly particle when poured into water will met. more quickly than a rounded or rounded and puffed particle possibly due to the larger area exposed to the water. Quick wetting increases the solubility rate and places a water film between the individual particles, thereby tending to prevent them from sticking together.
  • Tallow soap consists mainly of the mixture of the alkali" metal salts of stearic, palmitic, and oleic acid. 'It is common, however, to include a limited proportion, up to 'fabout 20%, of cocon ut oil soap. This consists mainly ofhthe m ixture of the alkali metal salts of lauric and myristic acid. It is known that the presence of sufliy 2,940,935 Patented June. 14,1960
  • coconut oil soap reduces the tendency of the granulated soap productsto clot, because coconut oil soap due to its hardness dissolves rather than melting and gumrning before solubilizing and because it is one of the most'soluble of all soaps.
  • coconut oil soap is considerably more'expensive than tallow soap.
  • to reduce clotting significantly over about 40% of coconut oil soap is required. This is undesirable in view of the high cost.
  • coconut oil soap isa poorer soap than is tallow soap, so that the use of this large proportion of coconut oil soap will impair detergency.
  • the clotting score is the total of the 30 and 60 second grades. Experience has shown that for practical use a soap product which scores 6 or more is bad, 5 is poor, 4 is fair, 3 is good, and 2 or less is excellent. Intermediate clotting scores are indicated by decimals. A soap product which has a clotting score of-6 or more, when thrown vonto the surface of .waterin a dishpan or washing machine, will form large clots which may not dissolve for 30 minutes. One which hasa clotting score of 2 or less will dissolve in a minute or two on gentle stirring. A granulated soap product having a clotting score of 3 or less is quite satisfactory and accordingly is non-clotting.
  • aqueous slurry of a soap product having the following composition by weight on an anhydrous basis was heated to 200 F. at a pressure of 80 p.s.i.g. and then spray-dried in a conventional spray-drying tower having an entering air temperature of 200' F.
  • the spray-dried granulated soap product consisted of mixed pufied and scraggly particles and had a clotting score of 316.
  • Example 3 An aqueous of asoap product having the following composition by weight'on an anhydrous basis was heated to 200 F. at a pressure of .80 p.s.i.g. and then spray-dried in a conventional spray-drying tower having an entering air temperature of 20 0 F.
  • the spray-dried granulated soap product consisted of mostly scraggly particles and some puffed particles and had a clotting score of 4.6.
  • a aqueous slurry of a soap product having the following composition by weight on an anhydrous basis was heated to 200 F. at a pressure of 80 p.s.i.g. and then spray-dried in a conventional spray-drying tower having an entering air temperature of 200 F.
  • the present invention provides a spraydried, non'clotting, granulated soap product consisting essentially of either an alkali metal silicate or an alkali metal carbonate, an alkali metal xylene sulfonate, an alkali metal coconut oil soap, and an alkali metal tallow soap.
  • the invention also provides methods of preparing this product comprising heating an aqueous slurry of the product at atmospheric pressure and then spray-drying the slurry at a higher pressure or heating an aqueous slurry of the product ata pressure above atmospheric pressure and then spray-drying the slurry.
  • the alkali'metal silicate or alkali "metal carbonate is present in the soap product in an amount in the range from about 6% to about,18% by weight on an anhydrous basis. ployed include sodium silicate and vpotassium silicate.
  • the preferred silicate is sodium, silicate. .Approximately 6% ofsodium silicate is commonly used in commercial granulated soaps to help improve detergency .and'to help in minimizing corrosion of'metals in the washing machine.
  • Typical alkali metal carbonates which may be utilized include, for example, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate being preferred.
  • Thealkali metal xylene sul-fonate may be, for example,
  • At least about 2% by weight on an anhydrousfbasis of the alkali metal xylene sulfonate is present in the sprayrdried, non-clotting; granulated soap product.
  • the upper limit of alkali metal Xylene sulfonate is not critical, but more than is necessary to achieve the desired non-clotting effect is normally not employed.
  • the maximum suggested amount is about 18% by weight on an anhydrous basis.
  • the alkali metal xylenesulfonate content is about 6% or above, the granulated soap particles may exist either as scnaggly, irregular particles or as rounded or rounded and pufied particles.
  • the mixture of alkali metal coconut oil soap and alkali metal tallow soap amounts to'from about 6.4% to about 92% by weighton anhydrous basis. Of this amount from about 1% to about 20%, and preferably about 7%, is'alkali metal coconut oil soap and from about 99% to b u 80% 'a s c y. and P ferab y b u 3%.
  • alkali metal tallow soap both soaps being expressed
  • the alkali metal coconut oil soap manag r the alkali metalsalts of the mixture of fatty acids present vvComponents 7 Percent by l Weight Sodium Soap (92.5% SodlumTallowSoap and 7.5% Sodium Coconut Oil Soap) 93.3 Sodium Silicate V Y 6.7 :T otel. i I 100.0
  • alkali metal salts of these acids may be, by way of example, the sodium or potassium salts.
  • the spray-dried granulated soap product consisted of mixed puffed and scraggly particles and had a clot-ting score of 2.75.
  • Example 7 22 gianulated 9 PmduFt may contain 3.8mm amount An aqueous slurry of a soap product having the folmoisture therein depending upon the desired degree of 1 b h .vanh d b d m i Mi 0 f m redi I owing composition y weig t on an y rous asrs rymg ereo n r propor ions 0 0 er mg en s, a
  • a method of preparing the spray-dried, granulated 10 g p soap product so that it will have non-clotting, irregular and scraggly shaped particles comprises heating an aqueompnems w g ggg ous slurry of the above soap product to a temperature from about 19 F to about ,2150 F at atmosphenc Sodium Soap (92.5%SodiumTa1lowS0apand7.5%Sodium pressure.
  • The/aqueous slurry is then spray-dried at a Cocongt oil Soap) 80.0 pressure from about 80 psig. to about 300 p.s.i.g. and snmmm 3:; at an entering air temperature of about 200 F. in the spray-drying tower.
  • a Cocongt oil Soap 80.0 pressure from about 80 psig. to about 300 p.s.i.g. and snmmm 3:; at an entering air temperature of about 200 F. in the spray-drying tower.
  • Another method of preparing the 100-0 spray-dried granulated soap product so that it will have I non-clotting, irregular and scraggly shaped particles com- 20 spraydl'led granulated QP pl'oduct conslsted prises heating an aqueous slurry of the above soap prodmlXed 'P and scra'ggly P a had 38 not to a temperature from about 190 F. to about 350 $901? of F.
  • the slurry is separated into many scraggly particles. Since a portion of the water is evaporated by 30 Components Percentby flashing, lower than normal tower temperatures can be Weight used, and this will tend to prevent heat puffing and round- I 7 ing of the particles. In either process, however, the Sodium Soap (92.5%Sodium TallowSoapand7.5%Sodium conventional rate of feed of the aqueous slurry and the 9 g conventional amount of air used in atomizing should be Sodium Xylene snl g I 6.7 carefully controlled to produce consistently irregular and To'tL x f i scraggly shaped particles. 1 I
  • the soap product and process of the invention will be Th I e spray-dried granulated soap product consisted of ⁇ gather illustrated In connection with the examples be 40 very lscraggly particles and had a 010m ng of Li Example 5 I v 7
  • Slurry of Soap Product having the P :An aqueous slurry of a soap pi'oduct having the folmg COIIIPOSltlOgI by weight on an anhydrous basis was lowing composition by, weight on an anhydrous basis heated at a Ill-assure of 80 i and then was heated to 200 .F. at a pressure of 80 p.s.i.g.
  • Th spray-.dried granulated soap product consisted. Of The convinced-dried granulated. ba od t consisted of Practically all g y Pfl and a clofllng scolfe very scraggly particles and had a clotting score of 1.1.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US554143A 1955-12-20 1955-12-20 Spray-dried, non-clotting, granulated soap product and method of producing the same Expired - Lifetime US2940935A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DENDAT1068412D DE1068412B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1955-12-20
US554143A US2940935A (en) 1955-12-20 1955-12-20 Spray-dried, non-clotting, granulated soap product and method of producing the same
GB38651/56A GB810755A (en) 1955-12-20 1956-12-19 Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of soap powders
FR1169015D FR1169015A (fr) 1955-12-20 1956-12-20 Perfectionnements à la fabrication de poudres de savon

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US554143A US2940935A (en) 1955-12-20 1955-12-20 Spray-dried, non-clotting, granulated soap product and method of producing the same

Publications (1)

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US2940935A true US2940935A (en) 1960-06-14

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US (1) US2940935A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1068412B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1169015A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB810755A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3037842A (en) * 1960-02-17 1962-06-05 Dow Chemical Co Ammonium bromide composition
US3414520A (en) * 1964-04-27 1968-12-03 Lever Brothers Ltd Detergent composition
FR2101555A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-07-10 1972-03-31 Unilever Nv
US4274974A (en) * 1971-02-03 1981-06-23 Lever Brothers Company Production of detergent compositions
US4326976A (en) * 1978-04-17 1982-04-27 Interox Composition and process for washing and bleaching
EP0076137A3 (en) * 1981-09-29 1984-04-11 Unilever Plc Process for the manufacture of soap powder
US4704221A (en) * 1986-10-22 1987-11-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular detergents which contain high levels of anionic surfactant that forms a middle-phase, surface treated with a water soluble cationic surfactant
EP1658888A1 (de) * 2001-10-25 2006-05-24 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien Vorrichtung zur Sprühtrocknung

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1531328A (en) * 1924-05-28 1925-03-31 Wotherspoon Robert Detergent
US2394321A (en) * 1942-05-19 1946-02-05 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Process of preparing sulphonated organic detergents
US2438169A (en) * 1945-07-12 1948-03-23 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Manufacture of detergents
US2483135A (en) * 1949-09-27 Impregnating agent- for metal
US2715110A (en) * 1952-06-13 1955-08-09 Lever Brothers Ltd Method for the production of a granulated soap product
US2738332A (en) * 1943-12-20 1956-03-13 Colgate Palmolive Co Process of treating soap particles
US2776943A (en) * 1951-05-14 1957-01-08 Procter & Gamble Treatment of soap particles

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2483135A (en) * 1949-09-27 Impregnating agent- for metal
US1531328A (en) * 1924-05-28 1925-03-31 Wotherspoon Robert Detergent
US2394321A (en) * 1942-05-19 1946-02-05 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Process of preparing sulphonated organic detergents
US2738332A (en) * 1943-12-20 1956-03-13 Colgate Palmolive Co Process of treating soap particles
US2438169A (en) * 1945-07-12 1948-03-23 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Manufacture of detergents
US2776943A (en) * 1951-05-14 1957-01-08 Procter & Gamble Treatment of soap particles
US2715110A (en) * 1952-06-13 1955-08-09 Lever Brothers Ltd Method for the production of a granulated soap product

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3037842A (en) * 1960-02-17 1962-06-05 Dow Chemical Co Ammonium bromide composition
US3414520A (en) * 1964-04-27 1968-12-03 Lever Brothers Ltd Detergent composition
FR2101555A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-07-10 1972-03-31 Unilever Nv
US3844969A (en) * 1970-07-10 1974-10-29 Lever Brothers Ltd Production of detergent compositions
US4274974A (en) * 1971-02-03 1981-06-23 Lever Brothers Company Production of detergent compositions
US4326976A (en) * 1978-04-17 1982-04-27 Interox Composition and process for washing and bleaching
EP0076137A3 (en) * 1981-09-29 1984-04-11 Unilever Plc Process for the manufacture of soap powder
US4466897A (en) * 1981-09-29 1984-08-21 Lever Brothers Company Process for the manufacture of soap powder
US4704221A (en) * 1986-10-22 1987-11-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular detergents which contain high levels of anionic surfactant that forms a middle-phase, surface treated with a water soluble cationic surfactant
EP1658888A1 (de) * 2001-10-25 2006-05-24 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien Vorrichtung zur Sprühtrocknung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1169015A (fr) 1958-12-19
GB810755A (en) 1959-03-25
DE1068412B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1959-11-05

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