US3844969A - Production of detergent compositions - Google Patents
Production of detergent compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3844969A US3844969A US00160157A US16015771A US3844969A US 3844969 A US3844969 A US 3844969A US 00160157 A US00160157 A US 00160157A US 16015771 A US16015771 A US 16015771A US 3844969 A US3844969 A US 3844969A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- slurry
- percent
- weight
- detergent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BNVZBQVIMPLFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-(carboxymethoxy)butanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)COC(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O BNVZBQVIMPLFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ORTFAQDWJHRMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxidooxidocarbon(.) Chemical compound O[C]=O ORTFAQDWJHRMNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000271 synthetic detergent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- -1 sodium alkenyl succinates Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- HFQQZARZPUDIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-dodecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O HFQQZARZPUDIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RSPWVGZWUBNLQU-FOCLMDBBSA-N 3-[(e)-hexadec-1-enyl]oxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C1CC(=O)OC1=O RSPWVGZWUBNLQU-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IILQHMMTOSAJAR-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-(carboxylatomethoxy)acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)COCC([O-])=O IILQHMMTOSAJAR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003752 hydrotrope Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- DZCAZXAJPZCSCU-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium nitrilotriacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O DZCAZXAJPZCSCU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- CIOXZGOUEYHNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (carboxymethoxy)succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O CIOXZGOUEYHNBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFPOJWPDQWJEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,2-dicarboxyethoxy)butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)OC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O CFPOJWPDQWJEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dodecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100264195 Caenorhabditis elegans app-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)COCC(O)=O QEVGZEDELICMKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUZRRICLUFMAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyltaurine Chemical compound CNCCS(O)(=O)=O SUZRRICLUFMAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940063834 carboxymethylcellulose sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical group O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical group [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013966 potassium salts of fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004289 sodium hydrogen sulphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013875 sodium salts of fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- SXYOAESUCSYJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;bis(6-methylheptoxy)-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(C)CCCCCOP([S-])(=S)OCCCCCC(C)C.CC(C)CCCCCOP([S-])(=S)OCCCCCC(C)C SXYOAESUCSYJNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/02—Preparation in the form of powder by spray drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/04—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
- C11D1/143—Sulfonic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/33—Amino carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
- C11D3/3761—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in solid compositions
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A detergent powder containing a synthetic detergent active compound and an organic detergency builder is prepared by forming an aqueous slurry of detergent ingredients containing not more than 40 percent by weight of the slurry of water in a pressurised vessel at a temperature of from about 125C to 180C and subsequently spraying the slurry into a gas stream at a temperature of from about 100 to250C.
- the process is particularly useful for producing powders of high organic content, for which there can be a fire or explosion hazard in using conventional spray-drying processes at higher temperatures. The process can also give significant economic benefits.
- the invention relates to the production of detergent compositions, and in particular to the production of compositions in particulate or powder form by spraying an aqueous slurry of detergentingredients into a drying gas stream.
- Detergent powders are commonly made by a process in which an aqueous slurry is sprayed into a chamber through which a gas stream is passed, so that the water in the slurry is evaporated.
- the aqueous slurry may be at a relatively high temperature to that of the gas, in which case flash evaporation of the water in the slurry occurs during the process, which is sometimes referred to as spray-cooling. More often, the aqueous slurry is at a relatively low temperature and the gas stream is heated to a higher temperature, which process is generally termed spray-drying.
- spray-drying is used hereinafter to encompass all powder-forming processes in which'aqueous slurries are sprayed into drying gas streams.
- condensed phosphate detergency builders which have been proposed hitherto include so-called polye'lectroly'te builders, such as sodium polyacrylate, sodium po'lymaleate and copolymers thereof such as sodium copolyethylene-maleate.
- polye'lectroly'te builders such as sodium polyacrylate, sodium po'lymaleate and copolymers thereof such as sodium copolyethylene-maleate.
- certain oxidised polysaccharides and non-polymeric builders such as sodium oxydiacetate, sodium carboxymethyloxysuccinate and sodium nitrilotriacetate.
- organic detergency builders are the water-soluble salts of dicarboxylic acids of the formula R.CH(COOH)(CH COOH, where n is O or 1 and R is a primary or secondary straight chain alkyl or alkenyl group containing from to carbon atoms, which are described in the complete specification of our co-pending UK patent application No. 37961/68.
- the preferred dicarboxylates are sodium alkenyl succinates, which can be prepared by hydrolysis and neutralisation of alkenyl succinic anhydrides which are obtained by reaction between maleic anhydride and olefins.
- the amounts of detergency builders in detergent compositions may be up to as much as 50 percent by weight, in which case the total organic content of detergent powders may sometimes be as high as 80 percent by weight.
- the organic content of the detergent active compounds and optional additives such as hydrotropes, lather boosters, anti-redeposition agents and fluorescent agents are taken into consideration.
- the powders contain more than about 50 percent of organic matter, there is a substantial risk of fire or explosion if the powders-are overdried and overheated during their preparation in conventional spray-drying processes.
- a detergent powder containing a synthetic detergent active compound and an organic detergency builder is prepared by forming an aqueous slurry of detergent ingredients containing not more than about 40 percent by weight of the slurry of water in a pressurised vessel at a'temperature of from about 125to 180C and subsequently spraydrying the slurry in a stream of gas at a temperature of from about l00 to 250C.
- the invention can give valuable economic benefits in detergent powder propractical amount of water, which is not more than about 40 percent by weight, preferably less than 30 percent by weight, of the slurry.
- the water content can be as low as about 20 percent by weight of the slurry, under optimum circumstances, as explained hereinafter.
- the condition employed in spray-drying are preferably as mild as possible, commensuaate with obtaining a satisfactory powder production rate, in order to decrease any fire risk to a minimum, particularly with the powders containing the higher amounts of organic matter.
- the gas temperature in the spray-drying step is preferably from about 150 to about 200C.
- the spraydrying operation is preferably conducted under conditions so as to obtain in a single operation a free-flowing powder, but if desired, for example to increase the throughput of a spray-drying tower, the conditions of spray-drying may be modified so that the powder initially produced is still moist, and the excess water is removed in a-subsequent drying operation, for example by using afluidised bed inwhich additional drying gas is passed through the powder, either in a batchwise or continuous process, or by using a pneumatic drier in which the powder is dried whilst being conveyed by a hot gas.
- the pressure also serves to transfer theslurry after its preparation to the spraydryer and to atomise the slurry for spraying into the gas.
- Generation of the pressure in the vessel is preferably accomplished by live steam, or as this tends to raise the water content of the slurry, by air pressure, or by a combination of both.
- the pressure in the vessel should'be such as to give at the spraying jet a pressure of from about 40 to p.s.i.g. (2.8 to 4.9 kilogram/sq.cm) but it can go higher, for example up to about p.s.i.g. (7.0 kilogram/sq.cm), above which there is no significant benefit and the cost of the equipment increases excessively.
- pressures in the vessel of up to about -200 p.s.i.g. are generally used.
- the process of the invention is only applicable to the production of detergent powders 'of which the ingredients are available in a suitably dry form which enables the production of the aqueous slurries containing not more than about 40 percent by weight of water.
- ingredients which in the powder are in the form of salts of organic acids, as is commonly the case for organic detergency builders and anionic detergent active compounds, the organic acid or its anhydride is preferably neutralised with an alkaline material such as sodium hydroxide in the slurry: otherwise, if the salt is preformed it generally incorporates too much water to enable the slurry to be made with the required amount of less than 40 percent of water.
- the main ingredients apart from the organic detergency builder in acid or anhydride form, are admixed and heated to a temperature of from about 100C to 140C.
- the precursor of the detergency builder is then added whereupon it is neutralised, and hydrolysed if necessary, in the slurry and the heat of neutralisation causes the temperature and pressure to rise to the desired figures for spray-drying.
- This process may be operated on a batch-wise or continuous basis.
- the process of the invention is of particular interest for the preparation of detergent powders incorporating alkyl and alkenyl succinates as detergency builders. These materials can be prepared readily in anhydride form and can be added in that form to the aqueous slurry where hydrolysis and neutralisation takes place to form the desired water-soluble salts. Some analogous compounds such as the alkyl thio and alkyl oxysuccinates can be used similarly.
- detergency builders which can be used in the process of the present invention include, for example the salts of a-sulphonated fatty acids, for example or-sulphonated hardened tallow fatty acids, higher alkane disulphonate and sulphinate-sulphonates, and soaps, all of which act as detergency builders in detergent compositions by forming insoluble calcium salts; water-soluble salts of organic acids including oxydiacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, hydrofuran tetracarboxylic acid, and homologues and analogues of these materials, oxidised polysaccharides in which the anhydroglucose rings are opened to form dicarboxyl units as described in the complete specifications of our UK patent applications Nos.
- a-sulphonated fatty acids for example or-sulphonated hardened tallow fatty acids, higher alkane disulphonate and sulphinate-sulphonates, and soaps
- polyelectrolyte detergency builders such as sodium polyacrylate and sodium polymaleatc and copolymers thereof such as sodium copolyethylene maleate. but it should be noted that with some polyelectrolytes there may be a tendency to decarboxylation at the higher temperatures.
- polyelectrolyte detergency builders are available and described in the literature, for example in Surface Active Agents and Detergents by Schwartz, Perry & Berch.
- the detergent compositions commonly incorporate one or more detergent active compounds, together with the usual optional additives.
- the synthetic detergent active compounds are preferably anionic detergent active compounds, which are readily available and relatively cheap, and mixtures thereof. These compounds are usually water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 car bon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals.
- Examples of such synthetic anionic detergent active compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl (Cg-C20) benzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C -C benzene sulphonates; sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl taurine; alkane sulphonates such as those derived by reacting alphaolefins (C -C with sodium bisulphite and those derived by reacting paraffins with S0 and Cl and then hydrolysing with a base to produce a random sulphonate; and olefin sulphonates, which term is used to cover the material made by reacting olefins, particularly alpha-olefins, with 50;, and then neutralising and hydrolysing the reaction product.
- alkyl Cg-C20
- C benzene sulphonates particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C -C benzene sulphonates
- anionic detergent active compounds such as alkyl and alkyl ether sulphates tend to hydrolyse at the higher temperatures which can be used in the present process.
- nonionic detergent active compounds may also be used. Examples include the reaction products of alkylene oxides, usually ethylene oxide, with alkyl (C -C phenols, generally 5 to E0; i.e., 5 to 25 units of ethylene oxide per molecule; the condensation products of aliphatic (c -C lalcohols with ethylene oxide, generally 6 to E0, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine.
- Other non ionic detergent active compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.
- compositions for example mixed anionic or mixed anionic and'nonionic compounds may be used in the detergent compositions, particularly to impart thereto controlled low sudsing properties. This is particularly beneficial for compositions intended for use in suds-intollerant automatic washing machines.
- Amounts of amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent active compounds for example betaines, sulphobetaines and hydroxyalkylmethyl taurines, can also be used in the compositions of the invention, but this is not normally desired due to their relatively high cost. if any amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent active compounds were used it would generally be in small amounts in compositions based on the much more commonly used anionic or nonionic detergent active compounds.
- the amount of the synthetic detergent active compound or compounds used is generally in the range of from about 10 to percent, preferably about 15 to 3O percent, by weight of the compositions, depending on the desired properties.
- Optional additives to detergent compositions made according to the invention include lather boosters such as coconut ethanolamide, hydrotropes such as sodium toluene sulphonate, inorganic salts such as alkaline silicates, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and sodium sulphate, anti-redeposition agents such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, fabric softening agents, fluorescent agents, colourants, germicides, fungicides, perfumes, enzymes and chemical bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and peracid precursors.
- lather boosters such as coconut ethanolamide
- hydrotropes such as sodium toluene sulphonate
- inorganic salts such as alkaline silicates, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and sodium sulphate
- anti-redeposition agents such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose
- fabric softening agents fluorescent agents, colourants, germicides, fungicides, perfumes, enzymes and chemical bleaching agents
- sodium perborate and peracid precursors Some of the additive
- Example 1 A detergent slurry was prepared by admixture of the following ingredients in a stirred reaction vessel at a temperature of 150C and under a pressure of 40 to 50 psig (2.8 to 3.5 kg/sq.cm).
- Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the formulation of the aqueous slurry was as follows:
- the slurry was sprayed at a temperature of 150C through an one-eighth inch (3.2 mm) spray nozzle into a stream of air at a temperature of 200C and a flow rate of lbs (45.4 Kg) per minute, to produce a powder of 9 percent moisture and 72 percent organic matter content, which was again crisp and free-flowing.
- Example 3 An aqueous slurry was made by admixture of the following ingredients in a pressure vessel in which the temperature was raised to 160C.
- sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate 1' obtained from B085 055 dodecyl benzene
- sodium silicate 50% aqueous solution
- the slurry having a water content of about 32 percent was sprayed at 55 p.s.i.g. (3.9 Kg./sq. cm.) through an one-eighth inch (3.2 mm) jet nozzle into a countercurrent air stream at a temperature of 200C to give a free-flowing powder containing about 59 percent of organic matter and 5 percent of water.
- Example 4 A detergent slurry was prepared at C and under 60 psig (4.2 Kg/sq.cm) by admixture of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate and disodium oct'adecane-lsulphonate-Z-sulphinate with minor additives to give a water content of about 28 percent.
- the slurry was spray-dried though a one-eighth inch (3.2 mm) jet into a countercurrent air stream at 200C to form a sluggish-flowing powder of the following formulation:
- Example 5 ingredient Percentage sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate 20 sodium coconut soap 55 alkaline silicate 10 sodium sulphate 8.5 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5 fluorescent agents 1.0 water 5.0
- a detergent powder was prepared to the same formulation by a spray-drying process in which the slurry was prepared with a water content of about 40 percent and at a temperature of 90C.
- the slurry was pumped to a spray drying tower at 400 p.s.i.g. and sprayed into air at 300C to give a free flowing powder, but of low density. In this case, the amount of heat required to evaporate the water and thereby form the powder was increased by about 50 percent.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
A detergent powder containing a synthetic detergent active compound and an organic detergency builder is prepared by forming an aqueous slurry of detergent ingredients containing not more than 40 percent by weight of the slurry of water in a pressurised vessel at a temperature of from about 125*C to 180*C and subsequently spraying the slurry into a gas stream at a temperature of from about 100* to 250*C. The process is particularly useful for producing powders of high organic content, for which there can be a fire or explosion hazard in using conventional spray-drying processes at higher temperatures. The process can also give significant economic benefits.
Description
[11] 3,844,969 Oct. 29, 1974 1 PRODUCTION OF DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS [75] Inventors: Joseph John Griffiths; Raymond John Wilde, both of Wirral, England [73] Assignee: Lever Brothers Compnay, New
York, NY.
22] Filed: July 6,1971
21 App1.No.: 160,157
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data July 10, 1970 Great Britain 33718/70 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,606,156 8/1952 Davis 252/550 2,798,544 7/1957 Davis 159/48 2,940,935 6/1960 Reich et al 252/109 3,355,390 11/1967 Behrens 252/527 3,459,670 8/1969 Carter 252/99 3,515,672 6/1970 Reinish et al.
3,580,852 5/1971 Yang 252/135 3,635,829 1/1972 Yang 252/526 3,692,685 9/1972 Lamberti et a1, 252/89 3,708,436 1/1973 Thompson et al. 252/527 Primary Examiner-Leon D. Rosdol Assistant Examiner-4. E. Willis A ttbrheyT/i gent, or Firm Richard AI G aither, Esq., Melvin H. Kurtz, Esq., Arnold Grant, Esq.
[57] ABSTRACT A detergent powder containing a synthetic detergent active compound and an organic detergency builder is prepared by forming an aqueous slurry of detergent ingredients containing not more than 40 percent by weight of the slurry of water in a pressurised vessel at a temperature of from about 125C to 180C and subsequently spraying the slurry into a gas stream at a temperature of from about 100 to250C. The process is particularly useful for producing powders of high organic content, for which there can be a fire or explosion hazard in using conventional spray-drying processes at higher temperatures. The process can also give significant economic benefits.
2 Claims, No Drawings PRODUCTION OF DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS The invention relates to the production of detergent compositions, and in particular to the production of compositions in particulate or powder form by spraying an aqueous slurry of detergentingredients into a drying gas stream.
Detergent powders are commonly made by a process in which an aqueous slurry is sprayed into a chamber through which a gas stream is passed, so that the water in the slurry is evaporated. The aqueous slurry may be at a relatively high temperature to that of the gas, in which case flash evaporation of the water in the slurry occurs during the process, which is sometimes referred to as spray-cooling. More often, the aqueous slurry is at a relatively low temperature and the gas stream is heated to a higher temperature, which process is generally termed spray-drying. Forcon'venience, the term spray-drying" is used hereinafter to encompass all powder-forming processes in which'aqueous slurries are sprayed into drying gas streams.
Conventional spray-drying processes are not readily applicable to the production of detergent powders of high organic content, due to the tire or explosion hazard if the powder is overheated in the presence of oxygen, which is usually available as the drying gas is normally air. Moreover the move to decrease the content of phosphates, particularly condensed phosphate detergency builders such as sodium tripolypl'iosphate, in de tergcnt compositions, because of suggestions that such use of phosphates contributes to eutrophication has generally tended to increase the organic content of detergent powders.
The possible organic replacements for condensed phosphate detergency builders which have been proposed hitherto include so-called polye'lectroly'te builders, such as sodium polyacrylate, sodium po'lymaleate and copolymers thereof such as sodium copolyethylene-maleate. certain oxidised polysaccharides and non-polymeric builders such as sodium oxydiacetate, sodium carboxymethyloxysuccinate and sodium nitrilotriacetate. Other preferred, organic detergency builders are the water-soluble salts of dicarboxylic acids of the formula R.CH(COOH)(CH COOH, where n is O or 1 and R is a primary or secondary straight chain alkyl or alkenyl group containing from to carbon atoms, which are described in the complete specification of our co-pending UK patent application No. 37961/68. The preferred dicarboxylates are sodium alkenyl succinates, which can be prepared by hydrolysis and neutralisation of alkenyl succinic anhydrides which are obtained by reaction between maleic anhydride and olefins.
The amounts of detergency builders in detergent compositions may be up to as much as 50 percent by weight, in which case the total organic content of detergent powders may sometimes be as high as 80 percent by weight. when the organic content of the detergent active compounds and optional additives, such as hydrotropes, lather boosters, anti-redeposition agents and fluorescent agents are taken into consideration. Under these circumstances, when the powders contain more than about 50 percent of organic matter, there is a substantial risk of fire or explosion if the powders-are overdried and overheated during their preparation in conventional spray-drying processes.
According to the present invention, a detergent powder containing a synthetic detergent active compound and an organic detergency builder is prepared by forming an aqueous slurry of detergent ingredients containing not more than about 40 percent by weight of the slurry of water in a pressurised vessel at a'temperature of from about 125to 180C and subsequently spraydrying the slurry in a stream of gas at a temperature of from about l00 to 250C.
Using this process, it is possible to produce detergent powders under conditions which in the spray-drying step are not so severe as to involve any substantial fire or explosion hazard. Moreover, the invention can give valuable economic benefits in detergent powder propractical amount of water, which is not more than about 40 percent by weight, preferably less than 30 percent by weight, of the slurry. The water content can be as low as about 20 percent by weight of the slurry, under optimum circumstances, as explained hereinafter.
The condition employed in spray-drying are preferably as mild as possible, commensuaate with obtaining a satisfactory powder production rate, in order to decrease any fire risk to a minimum, particularly with the powders containing the higher amounts of organic matter. The gas temperature in the spray-drying step is preferably from about 150 to about 200C. The spraydrying operation is preferably conducted under conditions so as to obtain in a single operation a free-flowing powder, but if desired, for example to increase the throughput of a spray-drying tower, the conditions of spray-drying may be modified so that the powder initially produced is still moist, and the excess water is removed in a-subsequent drying operation, for example by using afluidised bed inwhich additional drying gas is passed through the powder, either in a batchwise or continuous process, or by using a pneumatic drier in which the powder is dried whilst being conveyed by a hot gas.
It will be appreciated that it is essential to prepare the slurry under pressure in a closed vessel because of the elevated temperatures used. The pressure also serves to transfer theslurry after its preparation to the spraydryer and to atomise the slurry for spraying into the gas. Generation of the pressure in the vessel is preferably accomplished by live steam, or as this tends to raise the water content of the slurry, by air pressure, or by a combination of both. The pressure in the vessel should'be such as to give at the spraying jet a pressure of from about 40 to p.s.i.g. (2.8 to 4.9 kilogram/sq.cm) but it can go higher, for example up to about p.s.i.g. (7.0 kilogram/sq.cm), above which there is no significant benefit and the cost of the equipment increases excessively. In practice pressures in the vessel of up to about -200 p.s.i.g. are generally used.
The process of the invention is only applicable to the production of detergent powders 'of which the ingredients are available in a suitably dry form which enables the production of the aqueous slurries containing not more than about 40 percent by weight of water. In respect of ingredients which in the powder are in the form of salts of organic acids, as is commonly the case for organic detergency builders and anionic detergent active compounds, the organic acid or its anhydride is preferably neutralised with an alkaline material such as sodium hydroxide in the slurry: otherwise, if the salt is preformed it generally incorporates too much water to enable the slurry to be made with the required amount of less than 40 percent of water. This is because neutralisation of the acids outside the slurry generally requires excess water to control the heat of neutralisation and to make the product pumpable, and drying the solution of neutralised product to a powder is not economical. However, if a detergency builder salt or an anionic detergent active compound is available in sufficiently dry form, for example as a powder or flake, it can to advantage be used directly in slurry-making.
In the preferred form of process according to the invention, the main ingredients, apart from the organic detergency builder in acid or anhydride form, are admixed and heated to a temperature of from about 100C to 140C. The precursor of the detergency builder is then added whereupon it is neutralised, and hydrolysed if necessary, in the slurry and the heat of neutralisation causes the temperature and pressure to rise to the desired figures for spray-drying. This process may be operated on a batch-wise or continuous basis.
The process of the invention is of particular interest for the preparation of detergent powders incorporating alkyl and alkenyl succinates as detergency builders. These materials can be prepared readily in anhydride form and can be added in that form to the aqueous slurry where hydrolysis and neutralisation takes place to form the desired water-soluble salts. Some analogous compounds such as the alkyl thio and alkyl oxysuccinates can be used similarly.
Other detergency builders which can be used in the process of the present invention include, for example the salts of a-sulphonated fatty acids, for example or-sulphonated hardened tallow fatty acids, higher alkane disulphonate and sulphinate-sulphonates, and soaps, all of which act as detergency builders in detergent compositions by forming insoluble calcium salts; water-soluble salts of organic acids including oxydiacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, hydrofuran tetracarboxylic acid, and homologues and analogues of these materials, oxidised polysaccharides in which the anhydroglucose rings are opened to form dicarboxyl units as described in the complete specifications of our UK patent applications Nos. 4I5l2/69 and 40100/79; and polyelectrolyte detergency builders such as sodium polyacrylate and sodium polymaleatc and copolymers thereof such as sodium copolyethylene maleate. but it should be noted that with some polyelectrolytes there may be a tendency to decarboxylation at the higher temperatures. Many other suitable organic detergency builders are available and described in the literature, for example in Surface Active Agents and Detergents by Schwartz, Perry & Berch.
In addition to the organic detergency builders mentioned above, the detergent compositions commonly incorporate one or more detergent active compounds, together with the usual optional additives. The synthetic detergent active compounds are preferably anionic detergent active compounds, which are readily available and relatively cheap, and mixtures thereof. These compounds are usually water-soluble alkali metal salts of organic sulphates and sulphonates having alkyl radicals containing from about 8 to about 22 car bon atoms, the term alkyl being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals. Examples of such synthetic anionic detergent active compounds are sodium and potassium alkyl (Cg-C20) benzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear secondary alkyl (C -C benzene sulphonates; sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl taurine; alkane sulphonates such as those derived by reacting alphaolefins (C -C with sodium bisulphite and those derived by reacting paraffins with S0 and Cl and then hydrolysing with a base to produce a random sulphonate; and olefin sulphonates, which term is used to cover the material made by reacting olefins, particularly alpha-olefins, with 50;, and then neutralising and hydrolysing the reaction product.
it should be noted that some anionic detergent active compounds such as alkyl and alkyl ether sulphates tend to hydrolyse at the higher temperatures which can be used in the present process.
If desired, nonionic detergent active compounds may also be used. Examples include the reaction products of alkylene oxides, usually ethylene oxide, with alkyl (C -C phenols, generally 5 to E0; i.e., 5 to 25 units of ethylene oxide per molecule; the condensation products of aliphatic (c -C lalcohols with ethylene oxide, generally 6 to E0, and products made by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other non ionic detergent active compounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxides.
Mixtures of detergent active compounds, for example mixed anionic or mixed anionic and'nonionic compounds may be used in the detergent compositions, particularly to impart thereto controlled low sudsing properties. This is particularly beneficial for compositions intended for use in suds-intollerant automatic washing machines.
Amounts of amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent active compounds, for example betaines, sulphobetaines and hydroxyalkylmethyl taurines, can also be used in the compositions of the invention, but this is not normally desired due to their relatively high cost. if any amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent active compounds were used it would generally be in small amounts in compositions based on the much more commonly used anionic or nonionic detergent active compounds.
Many other suitable detergent active compounds are commercially available and more fully described in the literature, for example in Surface Active Agents and Detergents" by Schwartz, Perry and Berch.
The amount of the synthetic detergent active compound or compounds used is generally in the range of from about 10 to percent, preferably about 15 to 3O percent, by weight of the compositions, depending on the desired properties.
Optional additives to detergent compositions made according to the invention include lather boosters such as coconut ethanolamide, hydrotropes such as sodium toluene sulphonate, inorganic salts such as alkaline silicates, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and sodium sulphate, anti-redeposition agents such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, fabric softening agents, fluorescent agents, colourants, germicides, fungicides, perfumes, enzymes and chemical bleaching agents such as sodium perborate and peracid precursors. Some of the additives, particularly oxygen-liberating bleaching agents such as sodium perborate, are usually added to the detergent powders after their production by spraydrying.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples in which parts and percentages are by weight.
Example 1 A detergent slurry was prepared by admixture of the following ingredients in a stirred reaction vessel at a temperature of 150C and under a pressure of 40 to 50 psig (2.8 to 3.5 kg/sq.cm).
ingredient Percentage hexadecenyl-succinic anhydride 7 33.7 sodium hydroxide (50% aqueous solution) 18.7 alkaline silicate (50% aqueous solution) 11.8 sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate 25.8
flake (8071 active content. obtained by sulphonation of Oronite 1060) sodium sulphate 4.5 sodium toluene sulphonate 1.0 coconut cthanolamide 3.2 sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.5 fluorescers 0.6
Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the formulation of the aqueous slurry was as follows:
ingredient Percentage hexadecenyl-succinic anhydride 27.3 dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid (obtained 19.4
by sulphonation of DOBS 055) alkaline silicate 13.3 sodium sulphate 5.5 sodium toluene sulphonate 0.9 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.45 coconut ethanolamide 2.8 water 19.3 fluorescent agents 0.35 sodium hydroxide (flake) 10.7
The slurry was sprayed at a temperature of 150C through an one-eighth inch (3.2 mm) spray nozzle into a stream of air at a temperature of 200C and a flow rate of lbs (45.4 Kg) per minute, to produce a powder of 9 percent moisture and 72 percent organic matter content, which was again crisp and free-flowing.
Example 3 An aqueous slurry was made by admixture of the following ingredients in a pressure vessel in which the temperature was raised to 160C.
sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate 1' (obtained from B085 055 dodecyl benzene) (507: paste) sodium silicate (50% aqueous solution) sodium carboxymethyl cellulose sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate fluorescent agents sodium sulphate The slurry having a water content of about 32 percent was sprayed at 55 p.s.i.g. (3.9 Kg./sq. cm.) through an one-eighth inch (3.2 mm) jet nozzle into a countercurrent air stream at a temperature of 200C to give a free-flowing powder containing about 59 percent of organic matter and 5 percent of water.
Example 4 A detergent slurry was prepared at C and under 60 psig (4.2 Kg/sq.cm) by admixture of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate and disodium oct'adecane-lsulphonate-Z-sulphinate with minor additives to give a water content of about 28 percent. The slurry was spray-dried though a one-eighth inch (3.2 mm) jet into a countercurrent air stream at 200C to form a sluggish-flowing powder of the following formulation:
ingredient Percentage sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate 17.8
(prepared from DOBS 055) disodium alkane (Coil-l.sulphonate'Z-suIphinate 44.5 alkaline silicate 7 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5 fluorescent agents 0.9 inorganic salts (mainly sodium sulphate) 13.8 water 1.5.5
Example 5 ingredient Percentage sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate 20 sodium coconut soap 55 alkaline silicate 10 sodium sulphate 8.5 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5 fluorescent agents 1.0 water 5.0
- In a comparative test, a detergent powder was prepared to the same formulation by a spray-drying process in which the slurry was prepared with a water content of about 40 percent and at a temperature of 90C. The slurry was pumped to a spray drying tower at 400 p.s.i.g. and sprayed into air at 300C to give a free flowing powder, but of low density. In this case, the amount of heat required to evaporate the water and thereby form the powder was increased by about 50 percent.
What is claimed is:
1. A process for the preparation of a detergent powder having an organic content of from 50-80 percent, said organic content consisting essentially of a synthetic anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or amphoteric detergent active compound which is present in an amount of from about 10-50 percent by weight of the total composition, an organic detergency builder which is present in an amount of from about 27 to about 50 percent by weight of the total composition, said builder being selected from the group consisting of a-sulpho- 8 nated fatty acids, higher alkane disulfonates and sulfinate-sulfonates, soaps, sodium polyacrylate, sodium polymaleate and sodium copolyethylene maleate, oxidised polysaccharides, sodium oxydiacetate, sodium carboxymethyloxysuccinate, sodium nitrilotriacetate, the water soluble salts of dicarboxylic acids of the formula R.CH(COOH) (CH ),,.COOH when n is 0 or 1 and R is a primary or secondary straight chain alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof, which process comprises forming an aqueous slurry of detergent ingredients containing from about 20 to about 40 percent by weight of the slurry of water in a pressurised vessel at a temperature of from about C to C, and subsequently spray drying the slurry in a stream of gas at a temperature of from about 100C to about 250C.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the slurry is not more than about 30 percent by weight.
Claims (2)
1. A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DETERGENT POWDER HAVING AN ORGANIC CONTENT OF FROM 50-80 PERCENT, SAID ORGANIC CONTENT CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A SYNTHETIC ANIONIC, NONIONIC ZWITTERNIONIC OR AMPHOTERIC DETERGENT ACTIVE COMPOUND WHICH IS PRESENT IN AN AMOUNT OF FROM ABOUT 10-50 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF THE TOTAL COMPOSITION, AN ORGANIC DETERGENCY BUILDER WHICH IS PRESENT BY WEIGHT IN AN AMOUNT OF FROM ABOUT 27 TO ABOUT PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF THE TOTAL COMPOSITION SAID BUILDER BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF A-SULPHONATED FATTY ACIDS, HIGHER ALKANE DISULFONES AND SULFINATE-SULFONATES SOAPS, SODIUM POLYACRYLIC, SODIUM POLYMALALEATE AND SODIUM COPOLYMETHYLENE MALEATE, OXIDIZED POLYSACCHARIDES, SODIUM OXYDIACETTE, SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYLOXYSUCCINATE, SODIUM NITROLTRIACETATE, THE WATER SOLUBLE SALTS OF DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS OF THE FORMULA R.CH(COOH)(CH2)N.COOH WHEN N IS 0 OR1 AND R IS A PRIMARY OR SECONDARY STRAIGHT CHAIN ALKYL OR ALKENYL GROUP CONTAINING FROM 10 TO 20 CARBON ATOMS AND MIXTURES THEREOF, WHICH PROCESS COMPRISES FROMING AN AQUEOUS SLURRY OF DETERGENT INGREDIENTS CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 20 TO ABOUT 40 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF THE SLURRY OF WATER IN A PRESSURIZED VESSEL AT A TEMPERATURE OF FROM ABOUT 125*C TO 180*C AND SUBSEQUENTLY SPARY-DRYING THE SLURRY IN A STREAM OF GAS AT A TEMPERATURE OF FROM ABOUT 100*C TO ABOUT 250*C.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the slurry is not more than about 30 percent by weight.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB3371870 | 1970-07-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3844969A true US3844969A (en) | 1974-10-29 |
Family
ID=10356559
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00160157A Expired - Lifetime US3844969A (en) | 1970-07-10 | 1971-07-06 | Production of detergent compositions |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3844969A (en) |
AT (1) | AT316714B (en) |
BE (1) | BE769827A (en) |
CA (1) | CA943427A (en) |
CH (1) | CH562877A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2134215C3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2101555A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1355187A (en) |
NL (1) | NL166721C (en) |
NO (1) | NO135830C (en) |
SE (1) | SE382824B (en) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3962149A (en) * | 1973-10-12 | 1976-06-08 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Non-phosphate spray dried detergents containing dicarboxylic acid salts |
US4021376A (en) * | 1972-05-17 | 1977-05-03 | Lever Brothers Company | Detergent compositions with nonphosphate builders containing two or more carboxyl groups |
US4140650A (en) * | 1976-11-26 | 1979-02-20 | Lever Brothers Company | Process for manufacture of detergent powders |
US4524010A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1985-06-18 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft (Kgaa) | High-sudsing, granular detergent composition with greater granulate stability and process for its preparation |
US5447651A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1995-09-05 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Process for producing concentrated laundry detergent by manufacture of low moisture content detergent slurries utilizing liquid active surfactant blend technology |
US5453215A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1995-09-26 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Process for producing concentrated laundry detergent by manufacture of low moisture content detergent slurries |
US5536430A (en) * | 1992-02-12 | 1996-07-16 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process of producing low-dust anionic surfactant concentrates in powder or granule form with improved solubility in aqueous media |
EP1658888A1 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2006-05-24 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Apparatus for spray-drying |
US20070042926A1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-02-22 | Roberts Nigel P S | Process for preparing a solid laundry detergent composition, comprising at least two drying steps |
WO2009158162A1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Spray-drying process |
EP2138564B1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2013-11-06 | The Procter and Gamble Company | A process for preparing a detergent powder |
US8939388B1 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2015-01-27 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for low heat spray drying |
US9332776B1 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2016-05-10 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for low heat spray drying |
US9861945B1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2018-01-09 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Ultrahigh efficiency spray drying apparatus and process |
US9993787B1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2018-06-12 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Ultrahigh efficiency spray drying apparatus and process |
US10155234B1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2018-12-18 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Ultrahigh efficiency spray drying apparatus and process |
US10252181B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-04-09 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Ultrahigh efficiency spray drying apparatus and process |
US10486173B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-11-26 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Ultrahigh efficiency spray drying apparatus and process |
US10569244B2 (en) | 2018-04-28 | 2020-02-25 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Low temperature spray drying of carrier-free compositions |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8630726D0 (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1987-02-04 | Unilever Plc | Manufacture of spray-dried detergent powder |
GB8927213D0 (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1990-01-31 | Ici Renory Sa | Alkyl sulphate salts |
EP0879876A1 (en) * | 1997-05-21 | 1998-11-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for preparation of granular detergent composition or component comprising a water-soluble cationic surfactant |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2606156A (en) * | 1950-06-09 | 1952-08-05 | Purex Corp Ltd | Deaeration and drying of watersoluble sulfonated detergent compositions |
US2798544A (en) * | 1952-02-28 | 1957-07-09 | Purex Corp Ltd | System for producing high density detergents |
US2940935A (en) * | 1955-12-20 | 1960-06-14 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Spray-dried, non-clotting, granulated soap product and method of producing the same |
US3355390A (en) * | 1965-12-06 | 1967-11-28 | Procter & Gamble | Method for preparing homogeneous detergent slurry |
US3459670A (en) * | 1966-07-01 | 1969-08-05 | Monsanto Co | Builders for synthetic detergents |
US3515672A (en) * | 1965-06-24 | 1970-06-02 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Apparatus and process for the preparation of detergent compositions |
US3580852A (en) * | 1969-05-19 | 1971-05-25 | Ethyl Corp | Detergent formulations containing tetrahydrofuran 2,3,4,5 - tetracarboxylic acid salts as builders |
US3635829A (en) * | 1969-05-19 | 1972-01-18 | Ethyl Corp | Detergent formulations |
US3692685A (en) * | 1968-05-24 | 1972-09-19 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Detergent compositions |
US3708436A (en) * | 1969-12-12 | 1973-01-02 | Nalco Chemical Co | Detergent builders |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1017725B (en) * | 1955-03-29 | 1957-10-17 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for the manufacture of detergents |
NL208436A (en) * | 1955-05-09 | |||
GB1237084A (en) * | 1967-10-02 | 1971-06-30 | Unilever Ltd | Soap drying process |
-
1970
- 1970-07-10 GB GB3371870A patent/GB1355187A/en not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-07-05 CA CA117,311A patent/CA943427A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-07-06 US US00160157A patent/US3844969A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-07-06 NO NO2577/71A patent/NO135830C/no unknown
- 1971-07-09 BE BE769827A patent/BE769827A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-07-09 DE DE2134215A patent/DE2134215C3/en not_active Expired
- 1971-07-09 AT AT598971A patent/AT316714B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-07-09 CH CH1013771A patent/CH562877A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-07-09 NL NL7109495.A patent/NL166721C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-07-09 FR FR7125356A patent/FR2101555A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-07-09 SE SE7108924A patent/SE382824B/en unknown
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2606156A (en) * | 1950-06-09 | 1952-08-05 | Purex Corp Ltd | Deaeration and drying of watersoluble sulfonated detergent compositions |
US2798544A (en) * | 1952-02-28 | 1957-07-09 | Purex Corp Ltd | System for producing high density detergents |
US2940935A (en) * | 1955-12-20 | 1960-06-14 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Spray-dried, non-clotting, granulated soap product and method of producing the same |
US3515672A (en) * | 1965-06-24 | 1970-06-02 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Apparatus and process for the preparation of detergent compositions |
US3355390A (en) * | 1965-12-06 | 1967-11-28 | Procter & Gamble | Method for preparing homogeneous detergent slurry |
US3459670A (en) * | 1966-07-01 | 1969-08-05 | Monsanto Co | Builders for synthetic detergents |
US3692685A (en) * | 1968-05-24 | 1972-09-19 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Detergent compositions |
US3580852A (en) * | 1969-05-19 | 1971-05-25 | Ethyl Corp | Detergent formulations containing tetrahydrofuran 2,3,4,5 - tetracarboxylic acid salts as builders |
US3635829A (en) * | 1969-05-19 | 1972-01-18 | Ethyl Corp | Detergent formulations |
US3708436A (en) * | 1969-12-12 | 1973-01-02 | Nalco Chemical Co | Detergent builders |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4021376A (en) * | 1972-05-17 | 1977-05-03 | Lever Brothers Company | Detergent compositions with nonphosphate builders containing two or more carboxyl groups |
US3962149A (en) * | 1973-10-12 | 1976-06-08 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Non-phosphate spray dried detergents containing dicarboxylic acid salts |
US4140650A (en) * | 1976-11-26 | 1979-02-20 | Lever Brothers Company | Process for manufacture of detergent powders |
US4524010A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1985-06-18 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft (Kgaa) | High-sudsing, granular detergent composition with greater granulate stability and process for its preparation |
US5536430A (en) * | 1992-02-12 | 1996-07-16 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process of producing low-dust anionic surfactant concentrates in powder or granule form with improved solubility in aqueous media |
US5447651A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1995-09-05 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Process for producing concentrated laundry detergent by manufacture of low moisture content detergent slurries utilizing liquid active surfactant blend technology |
US5453215A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1995-09-26 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Process for producing concentrated laundry detergent by manufacture of low moisture content detergent slurries |
EP1658888A1 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2006-05-24 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Apparatus for spray-drying |
US20070042926A1 (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-02-22 | Roberts Nigel P S | Process for preparing a solid laundry detergent composition, comprising at least two drying steps |
EP2138564B1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2013-11-06 | The Procter and Gamble Company | A process for preparing a detergent powder |
EP2138567A1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Spray-drying process |
US20090325846A1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-31 | Hossam Hassan Tantawy | Spray-Drying Process |
WO2009158162A1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2009-12-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Spray-drying process |
US8939388B1 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2015-01-27 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for low heat spray drying |
US9332776B1 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2016-05-10 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for low heat spray drying |
US9551527B2 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2017-01-24 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for low heat spray drying |
US9861945B1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2018-01-09 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Ultrahigh efficiency spray drying apparatus and process |
US9993787B1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2018-06-12 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Ultrahigh efficiency spray drying apparatus and process |
US10155234B1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2018-12-18 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Ultrahigh efficiency spray drying apparatus and process |
US10252181B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-04-09 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Ultrahigh efficiency spray drying apparatus and process |
US10486173B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-11-26 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Ultrahigh efficiency spray drying apparatus and process |
US10625281B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2020-04-21 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Ultrahigh efficiency spray drying apparatus and process |
US10569244B2 (en) | 2018-04-28 | 2020-02-25 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Low temperature spray drying of carrier-free compositions |
US10850244B2 (en) | 2018-04-28 | 2020-12-01 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Low temperature spray drying of carrier-free compositions |
US11090622B2 (en) | 2018-04-28 | 2021-08-17 | ZoomEssence, Inc. | Low temperature spray drying of carrier-free compositions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2134215C3 (en) | 1980-04-03 |
BE769827A (en) | 1972-01-10 |
AT316714B (en) | 1974-07-25 |
NL166721C (en) | 1981-09-15 |
FR2101555A5 (en) | 1972-03-31 |
DE2134215B2 (en) | 1979-08-02 |
NL166721B (en) | 1981-04-15 |
NO135830B (en) | 1977-02-28 |
SE382824B (en) | 1976-02-16 |
CH562877A5 (en) | 1975-06-13 |
GB1355187A (en) | 1974-06-05 |
DE2134215A1 (en) | 1972-01-27 |
CA943427A (en) | 1974-03-12 |
NL7109495A (en) | 1972-01-12 |
NO135830C (en) | 1977-06-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3844969A (en) | Production of detergent compositions | |
CA1301014C (en) | Process for the preparation of a granular detergent composition | |
US4695284A (en) | Cool water fabric washing process using a particulate detergent containing a nonionic and a fatty acid builder salt | |
CA2616692C (en) | A solid laundry detergent composition comprising anionic detersive surfactant and a calcium-augmented technology | |
EP2138564B1 (en) | A process for preparing a detergent powder | |
CA1140829A (en) | Production of detergent compositions | |
EP2138567A1 (en) | Spray-drying process | |
US4965015A (en) | Detergent composition and process for its production | |
EP0009952B1 (en) | Production of detergent compositions | |
EP0061226B1 (en) | Spray-dried detergent compositions | |
JP2011525206A (en) | Spray drying process | |
CA1152846A (en) | Detergent compositions | |
GB1598374A (en) | Drying process | |
US4397777A (en) | Heavy duty laundry detergent | |
US4032465A (en) | Production of detergent compositions | |
KR960001021B1 (en) | Detergent compositions and the preparation thereof | |
US5472642A (en) | Diaminoalkyl di(sulfosuccinates) and their use as builders | |
US4549978A (en) | Process for manufacture of detergent powder | |
CA1064361A (en) | Detergent compositions and the production thereof | |
EP0029299B1 (en) | Detergent composition and process for its production | |
EP0009953B1 (en) | Detergent compositions | |
EP2138568A1 (en) | Neutralisation process for producing a laundry detergent composition comprising anionic detersive surfactant and polymeric material | |
GB2060677A (en) | Detergent compositions containing bicarbonate | |
JPH0335360B2 (en) | ||
JPH0144280B2 (en) |