US2938811A - Method of conditioning polyester textile material and the resulting products - Google Patents

Method of conditioning polyester textile material and the resulting products Download PDF

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Publication number
US2938811A
US2938811A US85150659A US2938811A US 2938811 A US2938811 A US 2938811A US 85150659 A US85150659 A US 85150659A US 2938811 A US2938811 A US 2938811A
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United States
Prior art keywords
textile material
liquid medium
organic liquid
polyester
fiber structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Hermes Julius
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CPFilms Inc
Original Assignee
Martin Proc Company Inc
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Publication date
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Priority to US85150659 priority Critical patent/US2938811A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2938811A publication Critical patent/US2938811A/en
Priority to BE663622A priority patent/BE663622A/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06PDYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/34Material containing ester groups
    • D06P3/52Polyesters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/144Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/52Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/52Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/53Cooling; Steaming or heating, e.g. in fluidised beds; with molten metals
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/53Polyethers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S260/00Chemistry of carbon compounds
    • Y10S260/23Fiber
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/92Synthetic fiber dyeing
    • Y10S8/922Polyester fiber
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2861Coated or impregnated synthetic organic fiber fabric

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the treatment of synthetic textile material of the kind known as Dacron which, as is well known in the art, is a condensation polymer of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, also known as polyethylene terephthalate or, perhaps more familiarly, as polyester material. More particularly, the invention relates to a procedure for conditioning such material whereby it is given substantially new and different properties rendering it especially adaptable to subsequent processing. The invention also relates to the resulting products, and especially to the undyed products resulting from the conditioning treatment.
  • Reference to synthetic textile material or polyester material hereinafter is to be regarded for the sake of brevity as referring solely to the aforesaid synthetic textile material unless indicated otherwise by the context.
  • the method of this invention comprises subjecting the polyester material to heating at a very high temperature using a hot liquid medium for efiecting the heating.
  • the importance of this type of heating is the liquid or wet, as distinguished from the conventional dry form of heat: ing, such as on drying cans or the like.
  • the liquid heat treatment effects an actual impregnation of the polyester textile material with the hot liquid that imparts to the treated material new properties, eg anti-pilling properties, not obtainable by dry heating, and likewise condi tions the polyester material for more effective additional treatments such as, for example, dyeing.
  • This liquid heat treatment or conditioning of the polyester material is preferably carried out without supplemental treatment thereof except for removal or substantial removal of the ice form surface. It appears that the pills or ballsformed' on the polyester fiber materials do not'break or fall off because of the increased strength and perhaps other char-, acteristics of these fibers different from the natural fibers.
  • this liquid heat treatment may be carried out first and then followed by additional treatments of the polyester material such as dyeing, since the polyester material is thereby rendered especially amenable to dyeing.
  • polyester textile material is not required and is used only when and as desired to produce some additional characteristic, such as, for example, dyeing of the material.
  • additional characteristic such as, for example, dyeing of the material.
  • the polyester material treated with the highly heated liquid in accord ance with the present invention acquires new physical properties, such as the above mentioned anti-pilling property.
  • the anti-pilling property is especially important. It has been found that fabrics or garments made from the foregoing polyester textile fibers or mixtures thereof with other fibers, when subjected to abrasion such as is ordinarily encountered in wearing or laundering, will produce pills or small balls of the abraded fibers that do not fall off or become separated from the fabric, but adhere to it and produce a very unattractive surface appearance. This effect is in contrast to the abrasion effects experienced with wool and other natural fibers, and in which pills or balls either do not form on the surface of the goods or if they do form they break oft, leaving a smooth uni- 1 such as. sweaters made of Dacron. The numerous pills formed on the surface of the sweaters adhere so tenaciously that they cannot be removed by the usual bI'HSh'.
  • This small residual impregnant in the fabric aids in identifying the polyester textile material that has the non-pilling characteristic established therein by treatment of the fabric at a high temperature with the highly heated liquid in accordance with th present invention, and also confers other desirableprop erties such as those of an internal lubricant'which enables garment manufacturers more readily and conveniently to process these fabrics during the garment manufacturing operations.
  • the residual impregnant greatly facilitates the cut ting operation by helping to keep the cutting knife cool.
  • a liquid having a high boiling point sub stantially above the boiling point of water, e.g. about 250 F or higher, there being no upper limit on the boiling point which in practice may run as'high as about 550 F. with certain high boilingliquidsfi
  • Another important characteristic of the liquid tobe used in my process is that it should be non-evaporative, like glycerine and other polyhydric alcohols, as distinct from the evaporative or vaporizable lower aliphatic alcohols or ethers.
  • a further important aspect of the heated liquid medium used in my invention is that it should be anhydrous or free of water so as to maintain the desired high boiling point of the liquid medium and to avoid bubbling and evaporation of the liquid which would otherwise occur in Suitable, but non-limiting, examples of'liquids for -use in my invention are polyhydroxy compounds such' as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol and glycerine. 'Of the foregoing, the glycols and glycol ethers or polyglycols are. preferred. In viewofthe fact that the etfectiveness of'thel highly heated solvent apparently does not. depend upon any of its chemical properties, but instead uponits physical'properties, particularly the high boiling point.
  • non-aqueous, non-evaporative high boiling liquids will, When highly heated, penetrate and impregnate the polyester textile material to impart to it anti-pilling or other new and vdesirable properties and to facilitate subsequent additional treatment such as dyeing'thereof.
  • this highly heated liquid for conditioning the polyester textile material before application of the dyestuff, the fibers of the polyester textile material are made markedly receptive to penetration and impreg nation by the dyestutf.
  • the polyester textile inaterial is first conditioned in this, manner, the subsequent dyeing operation can be carried out in a markedly shorter time thanis normally required. I At the present time it is very difficnlt to dye polyester materials.
  • the polyester'material conditioned in accordance with the present invention may *be dyed very readilyon con.- ventional dyeing equipment without the use of carriers or high pressure equipment.
  • the full dyeing cycle is less than3 hours and complete dyestuff exhaustion is achieved at comparatively low temperatures. It has been found that complete dye exhaustion takes place at temperatures as low as 180 F.
  • liquid heating medium should preferably be neutral in character, neither strongly acid nor strongly basic, and otherwise substantially inert to the polyester textile material to avoid any adverse effects when the polyester textile material is impregnated with the hot liquid.
  • polyester textile material that may be treated in accordance with the processof my invention
  • this process has been found to be applicable to practically any and all forms, such as filaments, staple fibers, threads, yarns andwoven or knitted goods.
  • the optimum operating temperature for heat treatment of the fabric or other polyester textile material will vary with the particular fiber, and particularly its resistance to heat.
  • the temperature should not go substantially above 365 F. with one kind of Dacron, namely Dacron type 64, although with another type of Dacron, namely type 54, a temperature of about 385 F. is advantageously employed.
  • the organic liquids, used should have a boiling point within the range of about 250 F. to 550 F., and preferably about 350 to 550 F.; should not harm the fabric or other polyester material; and should be removable or substantially removable therefrom after the heat treatment has been completed.
  • dyestuffs suitable for the textile materials undergoing treatment include vats, Indigosols, basic dyes, acid dyes and dispersed dyes, as well as dyestufis more recently developed for dyeing some of the newer synthetic fibers, such as, for example, Latyl dyes, which are also dispersed dyes.
  • the essential requirements are a suitable container for heating the non-aqueous, non-evaporative liquid treating agent to the desired higher temperatures.
  • the polyester fabric is dried and may be used as such or it' may be'dyedor otherwise finished'as desired. If it is to be 'dyed immediately following the conditioning step, then of course it need not first be dried.
  • the residual treating liquid retained in and carried by the polyester textile material, even after washing and drying, will be relatively small such as of the order of about 2% by weight.
  • Example 2 A number of skeins of Dacron polyester tow were treated as follows: skeins Nos. 1, 2 and 3 were Dacron type 54 and one-half of each skein was immersed for 15 seconds in diproplyene glycol at a temperature of 385 F. Skeins Nos. 4 and were Dacron type 64 and one-half of each skein was treated for seconds in dipropylene glycol at a temperature of 365 F., it being possible to treat the type 64 product at a somewhat lower temperature. a
  • the treated skeins were chilled in cold water for the purpose of suddenly closing the fiber pores and thereby entrapping relatively small traces of dipropylene glycol in the fiber.
  • the skeins were then washed in warm water and subjected to dyeing in an otherwise conventional manner without the use of carrier or high pressure equipment, i.e., in substantially the same manner as in the conventional dyeing of acetate-rayon.
  • the dyestuff was pasted with a small amount of Alkanol HCS (du Pont) which acts as a dispersing agent for the dyestuif.
  • the conditioned Dacron i.e., the half of the skein that had been immersed in the heated dipropylene glycol
  • a process of improving the dyeability and minimizing the pilling effects in a synthetic polyester textile material comprising a condensation polymer of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, comprising the steps of immersing the textile material in a heated, anhydrous, relatively high-boiling, water-soluble, inert, organic liquid medium in the substantial absence of any dyestuflf and at an elevated temperature ofat least 250 F.
  • a process of improving the dyeability and minimizing the pilling efiects in a synthetic polyester textile material comprising a condensation polymer of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, comprising the steps of immersing the textile material in a heated, anhydrous, relatively high-boiling, water-soluble, inert, organic liquid medium consisting essentially of a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, di ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, and glycerine in the substantial absence of any dyestuif, which liquid medium is at an elevated temperature of at least 250 F.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
US85150659 1959-11-09 1959-11-09 Method of conditioning polyester textile material and the resulting products Expired - Lifetime US2938811A (en)

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BE663622A BE663622A (ja) 1959-11-09 1965-05-07

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3022131A (en) * 1957-02-20 1962-02-20 Chem Fab Grunau Veb Process for increasing the colorability of polyester terephthalate fibers and the products obtained thereby
US3140957A (en) * 1960-02-23 1964-07-14 Kurashiki Rayon Co Heat treatment of fibers
US3154374A (en) * 1954-09-09 1964-10-27 Hoechst Ag Process for modifying the properties of shaped structures from highly polymeric polyesters
US3179484A (en) * 1959-08-03 1965-04-20 Acna Method for improving the dye-receptivity and dyeability of polypro-pylene
US3190718A (en) * 1960-04-28 1965-06-22 Celanese Corp Process of heat treating a tow of polyester filaments while under tension to modify the properties thereof
US3222895A (en) * 1961-12-01 1965-12-14 Monsanto Co Apparatus for treatment of napped fabric
US3245955A (en) * 1960-09-14 1966-04-12 Hoechst Ag Process for the manufacture of fibers and filaments of polyethylene terephthalate
US3251913A (en) * 1960-06-03 1966-05-17 Ici Ltd Production of a sheath-core polyester filament of enhanced dyeability
US3400187A (en) * 1964-02-25 1968-09-03 Fiber Industries Inc Method of treating polyester structures with polyalkylene glycol and a metal hyderoxide
US3427179A (en) * 1965-10-23 1969-02-11 Polymer Corp Method of making a porous polyamide fabric
US3519462A (en) * 1966-03-21 1970-07-07 American Cyanamid Co Method of impregnating polymethyl methacrylate
US3530214A (en) * 1967-02-24 1970-09-22 Julius Hermes Method for treating textile materials to uniformly set their shape
US3617204A (en) * 1967-09-06 1971-11-02 Ici Ltd Hot glycol plasticizing removal of halogenated hydrocarbon solvent scouring liquor on polyester textiles
US3961882A (en) * 1974-07-25 1976-06-08 Bigelow-Sanford, Inc. Sculptured printing of nylon carpet
US4003881A (en) * 1975-02-24 1977-01-18 Monsanto Company Polyester polymer recovery from dyed polyester fabrics
US4003880A (en) * 1975-05-19 1977-01-18 Monsanto Company Fabric dye stripping, separation and recovery of polyester
US4004878A (en) * 1974-10-15 1977-01-25 Chemische Werke Huls Aktiengesellschaft Process for the preparation of pilling-resistant fiber products from polyesters
DE2716600A1 (de) * 1976-12-15 1978-06-22 Martin Processing Co Inc Verfahren zum texturieren und thermofixieren von textilstoffen
US4115054A (en) * 1976-01-09 1978-09-19 Martin Processing, Inc. Process for the rapid, continuous and waterless dyeing and texturizing and heat-setting of textile and plastic materials
US4550579A (en) * 1984-04-13 1985-11-05 Frank Clifford G Apparatus for the dyeing of shaped articles
US4653295A (en) * 1984-04-13 1987-03-31 Frank Clifford G Apparatus for the dyeing of shaped articles
US6221112B1 (en) 1992-07-15 2001-04-24 Cp Films, Inc. Process for producing a colored polyester film

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH230891A (fr) * 1941-08-28 1944-02-15 Rhodiaceta Bain tinctorial pour articles en superpolyamides.
US2461612A (en) * 1944-04-18 1949-02-15 Celanese Corp Dyeing of resins with polyhydroxy alcohol assistants
US2537177A (en) * 1945-11-06 1951-01-09 American Viscose Corp Dyeing of vinyl and vinylidene resins with acid dyes dissolved in certain glycol ethers and esters
US2663612A (en) * 1950-05-10 1953-12-22 Du Pont Process for coloring hydrophobic fiber

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH230891A (fr) * 1941-08-28 1944-02-15 Rhodiaceta Bain tinctorial pour articles en superpolyamides.
US2461612A (en) * 1944-04-18 1949-02-15 Celanese Corp Dyeing of resins with polyhydroxy alcohol assistants
US2537177A (en) * 1945-11-06 1951-01-09 American Viscose Corp Dyeing of vinyl and vinylidene resins with acid dyes dissolved in certain glycol ethers and esters
US2663612A (en) * 1950-05-10 1953-12-22 Du Pont Process for coloring hydrophobic fiber

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3154374A (en) * 1954-09-09 1964-10-27 Hoechst Ag Process for modifying the properties of shaped structures from highly polymeric polyesters
US3022131A (en) * 1957-02-20 1962-02-20 Chem Fab Grunau Veb Process for increasing the colorability of polyester terephthalate fibers and the products obtained thereby
US3179484A (en) * 1959-08-03 1965-04-20 Acna Method for improving the dye-receptivity and dyeability of polypro-pylene
US3140957A (en) * 1960-02-23 1964-07-14 Kurashiki Rayon Co Heat treatment of fibers
US3190718A (en) * 1960-04-28 1965-06-22 Celanese Corp Process of heat treating a tow of polyester filaments while under tension to modify the properties thereof
US3251913A (en) * 1960-06-03 1966-05-17 Ici Ltd Production of a sheath-core polyester filament of enhanced dyeability
US3245955A (en) * 1960-09-14 1966-04-12 Hoechst Ag Process for the manufacture of fibers and filaments of polyethylene terephthalate
US3222895A (en) * 1961-12-01 1965-12-14 Monsanto Co Apparatus for treatment of napped fabric
US3400187A (en) * 1964-02-25 1968-09-03 Fiber Industries Inc Method of treating polyester structures with polyalkylene glycol and a metal hyderoxide
US3427179A (en) * 1965-10-23 1969-02-11 Polymer Corp Method of making a porous polyamide fabric
US3519462A (en) * 1966-03-21 1970-07-07 American Cyanamid Co Method of impregnating polymethyl methacrylate
US3530214A (en) * 1967-02-24 1970-09-22 Julius Hermes Method for treating textile materials to uniformly set their shape
US3617204A (en) * 1967-09-06 1971-11-02 Ici Ltd Hot glycol plasticizing removal of halogenated hydrocarbon solvent scouring liquor on polyester textiles
US3961882A (en) * 1974-07-25 1976-06-08 Bigelow-Sanford, Inc. Sculptured printing of nylon carpet
US4004878A (en) * 1974-10-15 1977-01-25 Chemische Werke Huls Aktiengesellschaft Process for the preparation of pilling-resistant fiber products from polyesters
US4003881A (en) * 1975-02-24 1977-01-18 Monsanto Company Polyester polymer recovery from dyed polyester fabrics
US4003880A (en) * 1975-05-19 1977-01-18 Monsanto Company Fabric dye stripping, separation and recovery of polyester
US4118187A (en) * 1975-05-19 1978-10-03 Monsanto Company Fabric dye stripping, separation and recovery of polyester
US4115054A (en) * 1976-01-09 1978-09-19 Martin Processing, Inc. Process for the rapid, continuous and waterless dyeing and texturizing and heat-setting of textile and plastic materials
DE2716600A1 (de) * 1976-12-15 1978-06-22 Martin Processing Co Inc Verfahren zum texturieren und thermofixieren von textilstoffen
US4550579A (en) * 1984-04-13 1985-11-05 Frank Clifford G Apparatus for the dyeing of shaped articles
US4653295A (en) * 1984-04-13 1987-03-31 Frank Clifford G Apparatus for the dyeing of shaped articles
US6221112B1 (en) 1992-07-15 2001-04-24 Cp Films, Inc. Process for producing a colored polyester film

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Publication number Publication date
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