US2934933A - Bonded-wall structure for coke-oven chambers and the like - Google Patents

Description

May 3, 1960 E. LOWENSTERN El'AL 2,934,933

BONDED-WALL STRUCTURE FOR COKE-OVEN CHAMBERS AND THE LIKE Filed Jan. 22, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 HEINRICH WIRTZ May 3, 1960 E. LOWENSTERN EI'AL 2,934,933

BONDED-WALL STRUCTURE FOR COKE-OVEN CHAMBERS AND THE LIKE Filed Jan. 22, 1958 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jul/entom- EMIL L6WENTERN ERNST HASENACKE R HEINRICH wmTz AGENY 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 E. LbWENSTERN ETAL BONDED-WALL STRUCTURE FOR COKE-OVEN CHAMBERS AND THE LIKE Filed Jan. 22, 1958 May 3, 1960 FlG.5

Emil Lbwensfern Ernst Hasendcker Heinrich Wirtz INVENTORS.

BY A G E NT- States BONDED-WALL STRUCTURE FOR COKE-OVEN CHAMBERS AND THE LIKE Emil Liiwenstern, Ernst Haseniicker, and Heinrich Wirtz, Essen, Germany, assignors to Didier-Werke A.G., Wiesbaden, Germany, a corporation of Germany Our present invention relates to industrial furnaces, such as coke ovens, wherein the fuel gases and/or the exhaust gases ascend through vertical fines or chambers having walls formed of interlocking bricks.

In the construction of such oven chambers it is customary to use bricks known as stretchers, headers and hammerhead bricks or T-blocks to form a pair of longitudinal walls interconnected at spaced locations by transverse partitions, the T-blocks being inserted between the stretchers of the longitudinal walls to constitute links with the headers of the transverse partitions. It has already been proposed to build a bonded-wall structure, resistant to longitudinal shear stresses between the main walls and the transverse partitions, by providing the central leg of each T-block and the adjoining face of an adjacent header with mating tongue-and-groove formations to establish a positive linkage between the two wall members. It has been found, however, that such interlocking will be ineffective to prevent the outward bulging of the main walls in response to thermal stresses and that the resulting disengagement of the mating formations may lead to the appearance of serious fissures in the wall structure.

The general object of our present invention isto provide an improved wall structure of the general character set forth in which the longitudinal and transverse wall members are firmly bonded to one another so that the aforementioned drawbacks are avoided.

A more specific object of our invention is to provide a wall structure of this character having a relatively small number of mortised joints even though being composed of bricks of limited dimensions.

A feature of this invention resides in the provision of mating surface formations, such as tongues and grooves, on the horizontal faces of the partition-forming bricks and of the adjacent linking blocks in a manner insuring the positive interengagement between the staggered bricks of successive tiers whereby the headers are bonded to the adjacent linking blocks and through them to the stretchers of the longitudinal walls so as to resist stresses acting perpendicularly to these latter walls. More par- .ticularly, we prefer to provide a single header per tier in each partition and to form each of the opposite horizontal faces of this header with two transverse locking formations, such as grooves or tongues, which thus extend in a direction parallel to the main walls, one of these formations being advantageously located in a vertical plane bisecting the partition while the other formation is located adjacent an extremity of the header. The latter extremity is advantageously received in a recess formed by one or more stretchers of one of the main walls which are also provided with similar locking formations extending parallel to those of the header, the opposite extremity of the header abutting a linking block, such as a T-brick or L-brick, bearing on each horizontal face a first locking formation adjacent the header and a second such formation in line with the longitudinal locking formations of the stretchers of the other main wall. By

atent O alternately reversing the locations of the linking block and the recess in successive tiers, we provide an arrangement wherein each header interlocks with both a header and a linking block of an adjacent tier while each linking block positively interconnects the header and the recessed stretcher or stretchers of the next tier. The tongues and grooves of the headers and of the linking blocks within the partition proper may be bisected by other tongues and grooves extending transversely to the main walls to provide interlocking against shearing stresses acting upon the partition, the partition-forming bricks being thus given a miter-like surface pattern.

The linking blocks, according to another feature of our invention, are preferably of generally L-shaped con-' figuration with a first leg projecting inwardly from the main wall of which it forms apart and with a short second leg extending in longitudinal direction as a continuation of an adjacent stretcher. Stretchers and linking blocks may be provided aroundtheir perimeters, in a vertical plane, with mating tongues and grooves to increase further the stability of the wall. The entire structure may be topped by a checkerbrick roof composed of interlocking clamping tiles having tongue-and-groove fit with the underlying stretchers and linking blocks.

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:

Figs. 1 and 2 are top plan views of a lower and an upper tier, respectively, forming part of a wall structure according to the invention;

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevational view taken on the line III-III of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of a checkerbrick roof overlying the tiers of Figs. 1-3 and Fig. 5 is a sectional elevational view taken on the line VV of Fig. 4.

I The structure shown in the drawing comprises, as best. seen in Fig. 3, an alternation of two types of tiers or' layers of bricks of which a lower tier and an upper tier 200, which are representative of all these layers, has been shown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively. These tiers are combined to form two longitudinal walls 21, 21"

construction of each of these tiers will, therefore, be described with specific reference to the tier 100 in Fig. l. The contribution of tier 100 to longitudinal wall 21.

consists of a series of stretchers 1 interspersed with generally L-shaped linking blocks 3a and other stretchers 3b forming continuations of the short longitudinal legs A similar but inverted succession of of the blocks 3a. bricks 1', 3a, 3b constitutes part of the other longitudinal wall 21', the linking blocks 3a and 34: facing each other diagonally across the fines 10. The adjoining end of stretchers 1 and 3b are recessed at 8 to receive an extremity of a header 2' whose other extremityv abuts the transverse leg of linking block 3a; a similar recess 8 between stretchers 1 and 3b accommodates an ex tremity of the header 2 whose other extremity abuts the transverse leg of block 3a.

The bricks 1, 3a, 3b of main wall 21 are provided, in a vertical plane bisecting this wall longitudinally, with tongue-and-groove surface formations extending all around these bricks and including vertical grooves 7a and mating vertical tongues 7b as well as horizontal grooves Patented May 3, 1969 Thus, each partition 22 is constituted, at the level of any single tier, of a header 2 or 2' together with a leg of an associated linking block' and tongues 9a, 9b (see also Fig. 3). These tongues and grooves, along with analogous formations 7a, 7b, 9a and 9b, cause the bricks of each tier and of adjacent tiers to interengage so as tov form a positively interlocking structure for the main walls 21 and 21.

- Each of the headers 2, 2' is provided on its upper face, visible in Figs. 1 and 2, with a pair of transverse grooves 4a, 14a or 4a, 14a, the lower face of the header carrying: complementary transverse tongues 4b, 14b or 4b, 14b aligned therewith. The inwardly projecting transverse leg of L- blocks 3a and 3a are provided with similar. grooves a, 5a and tongues 5b, 5b. These tongues and grooves are all parallel to the aforementioned tongues and grooves 9a, 9b and 9a, 9b, with the formations 4a, 4a and 4b, 4b located in a central vertical plane bisecting the partitions 22; the remaining formations 14a, 14b and 5a,, 5b or 14a, 14b and 5a, 5b are all equidistant from the central plane and are preferably located, as shown,

midway between this plane and the planes of the grooves and, tongues 9a, 9b and 9a, 9b. Since headers 2 and blocks 3a alternate with headers 3 and blocks 3a in successive tiers, the tongues 4b, 4b of an upper header 2, 2' enter the grooves 4a, 4a of a lower header 2, 2 while the tongues.14b, 14b of a header in an upper tier enter the grooves. 5a, 5a of a block 3a or 3a in the next-lower tier. A complete interlocking of the main walls 21, 21' and the partitions 22, adapted to resist shear stresses acting in-the direction of arrow A (Fig. 3), is thereby achieved. For better resistance against shear stresses in the direction of arrow B (Fig. 1), each header 2, 2' is provided on its upper face with a longitudinal groove 6a, 6a and on its lower face with a corresponding tongue 6b, 6b which, together with their extensions a, 15b on an adjacent block 3a or 15a, 15b on an adjacent block 3a, respectively,bisect and interconnect the three equidistant tongues and grooves 14a, 4a, 5a and 14b, 4b, 5b or 14a, 4a' ,,5a and 14b, 4b, 5b. The mating of these connecting formations with complementary formations in ad'- jacent tiers further solidifies the wall structure of each partition.

InFigs. 4 and 5 the uppermost headers 302, 302' of the partitions 22 have been shown provided with lateral excrescences 23, 23 designed to give better support to a checkerbrick roof overlying the structure of Figs. 1-3 at thexlevel of a horizontal flue interconnecting the vertical fines 10. The roof iscomposed of a group of clamping tiles 11a, 11b and 11a, 11b interlocking by means of tongues 12b. and grooves 12a as well'as other. mating formations such. as mortises 13a andftenons 13b. The formations 12a, 12b are part of a band of tongues and grooves encircling each clamping tile 11a, 11b in the vertical plane of the. formations 7a, 7b and 9a, 9b of the underlying bricks, this band further including a groove 19 on the upper face of the brick and an aligned tongue (not shown) on the lower face engaging the groove 9a of the tier below. A comparison of Figs. 1, 2 and 4 shows that the joints atlZa, 12b between the clamping tiles are offset from the joints at 7a, 7b between the bricks of the longitudinal walls and that the joints formed at 17 between the tiles.

11a, 11b are similarly offset from the joints existing at 8, 8 and 18, 18 in the transverse partitions. As shown in Fig. 5, the tiles 11a, 115 are formed with lower appendages such as tongues 16b, similar to the tongues 4b, 5b, 14b, designed to engage the grooves 16a etc. in the upper faces of the headers 302, 302' which are part of the top tier 300 of partition-forming bricks.

The grooves 19 serve as anchorages for two rows of stretchers (not shown) constituting upward extensions of the main walls 21 and 21' which define the aforementioned 4 horizontal flue. This flue communicates with the vertical fines 10 through ports 10' formed by the tiles 11a, 11b, it being noted that the two types of tiles are diagonally arranged across these ports in a pattern analogous to that of the underlying bricks 2, 3a, 3b and 2', 3a, 3b.

The solidity of the checkerb'ri'ck structure of Fig. 4 is due to the fact that each of the tiles 11a, 11b has a plurality of male locking formations or tenons 13b engaging corresponding female formations or mortises in a plurality of neighboring tiles, the construction being thus analogous to that of the partitions 22 in which a plurality of tongues 4b, 14b of a header 2 engage respective grooves 4a, 5a in a plurality of adjacent bricks 2' and 3a.

Although the bricks 3a and 3b or 3a and 3b of each tier could be combined into a single L-block, the split arrangement illustrated affords greater versatility of design and facilitates handling. It will be seen that the joints between these bricks are staggered with respect to the junctions between bricks 1 and 3b or 1" and 3b of an adjacent tier so that no continuous vertical joints exist in the walls 21 and 21'.

We claim:

1. A bonded-wall structure for industrial furnaces, comprising'a pair of spaced-apart main walls and at least one transverse partition interconnecting said walls; each of said main walls including a series of stretchers and link ing blocks, alternating with said stretchers, arranged in a plurality of tiers, each of said linking blocks having a leg extending inwardly from the corresponding main wall and forming part of said partition, said partition including a single linking block per tier positioned alternatively on one and the other of said main walls, said partition further including a plurality of superposed headers respectively arranged on the level of said tiers in relatively staggered relationship and in abutting relation with the inwardly extending legs of respective linking blocks, said headers and said legs having upper and lower horizontal faces pro vided with tongue-and-groove formations mating with corresponding formations of an adjoining tier, said headers being provided with at least two of said formations per face, including tongues and grooves extending parallel to. said main walls, respectively engaging complementary formations of a linking-block leg and of a header on an adjoining tier, said headers and legs being provided with additional tongues and grooves bisecting said parallel tongues and grooves and constituting supplemental means for interconnecting adjoining tiers.

2. A structure according to claim 1, wherein said stretchers and linking blocks are provided around their peripheries with mating tongue-and-groove formations lying in vertical planes parallel to the tongues and grooves of said headers.

3. A structure according to claim 1, wherein said main Walls are provided with recesses respectively opposite said linking blocks, said headers having extremities received in said recesses.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,589,938 Burney June 22, 1926 1,681,631. Tambone Aug. 21, 1928 1,741,680 Davey Dec. 31, 1929 1,975,156 Knight Oct. 2, 1934 2,141,035 Daniels Dec. 20, 1938 2,433,253 Agnew et al Dec. 23, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS 434,373 Germany of 1926 102,529 Australia of 1937

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