US2927900A - Solid detergent composition and process for preparation thereof - Google Patents
Solid detergent composition and process for preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2927900A US2927900A US236089A US23608951A US2927900A US 2927900 A US2927900 A US 2927900A US 236089 A US236089 A US 236089A US 23608951 A US23608951 A US 23608951A US 2927900 A US2927900 A US 2927900A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- urea
- polyglycol ether
- polyglycol
- hydrate
- detergent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- 239000013042 solid detergent Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 24
- -1 alkyl aryl alkali metal sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical class [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011876 fused mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NFAOATPOYUWEHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(6-methylheptyl)phenol Chemical group CC(C)CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O NFAOATPOYUWEHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000271 synthetic detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFFHOTWDYMNSLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-tri(propan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(C)C MFFHOTWDYMNSLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTMRDOLOEDPHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dipentylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1CCCCC PTMRDOLOEDPHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYEJMVLDXAUOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O CYEJMVLDXAUOPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCRKLZYTQVZTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octadecylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O WCRKLZYTQVZTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000243251 Hydra Species 0.000 description 1
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical class [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- MIHINWMALJZIBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical class OC1CC=CC=C1 MIHINWMALJZIBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoniazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical class [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QHDUJTCUPWHNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-methoxy-2h-indazole-3-carboxylate Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC2=C(C(=O)OC)NN=C21 QHDUJTCUPWHNPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0052—Cast detergent compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/046—Salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/32—Amides; Substituted amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/32—Amides; Substituted amides
- C11D3/323—Amides; Substituted amides urea or derivatives thereof
Definitions
- This invention relates to the preparation of solid coherent detergent masses or' cakes containing, as the active detergent component thereof, a normally liquid surfaceactive polyglycol ether. l
- solid organic sulfonates and sulfates having detergent properties such as the higher alkyl aryl alkali metal sulfonates, and higher fatty alcohol alkali metal sulfuric ester salts, when compressed to a cake, disintegrate rapidly in' water because Patented Mar. 8, 1960 erably 4 to 20 lower allrylene glycol residues.
- Such detergents are prepared, for example, by condensation of a lower alkylene oxide, especially ethylene oxide, in the molecular proportions corresponding to the number of glycol residues to be introduced in the polyglycol radical,
- This invention is dlrected to thepreparation of solid coherent compositions containing a liquid polyglycol l0.
- ether detergent of the class described in the preceding paragraph While some of the aforesaid condensation products are viscous pastes or solid waxvlike materials, many having the most desirable detergent properties in, aqueoussolution, especially those containing 4 to 20 oxyethylene radicals in the polyglycol chain, are liquids of oily or syrupy consistency at ordinary temperatures.
- Typical detergents of this kind are the condensation products of isooctyl or nonyl phenol with 8 to 10 mols of ethylene oxide, the product being an isooctylor nonylphenyl polyglycol ether.
- solid detergents can be mixed with binders and other solids to form solid cakes in which solubility aforesaidtype with water-soluble" salts such as alkali l metal sulfates, chlorides, phosphates or silicates, or with absorbent colloid powderssuchas kieselguh'r, Florida earth, or silica gel, to form washing powders.
- solubility aforesaidtype with water-soluble" salts such as alkali l metal sulfates, chlorides, phosphates or silicates, or with absorbent colloid powders suchas kieselguh'r, Florida earth, or silica gel, to form washing powders.
- a homogeneous liquidyphase which, on'cooli'ng, does notseparateinto. its components, but remains to all appearances homogeneous, and (depending on the proportion-of hydrated salt presentjtherein) forms a gelatinous to solid homogeneous tions of thistype contain 40 to 80%. by weight of liquid 7 solid componentof the powder, moistening containers,
- compositions'of thistype are generally obtained only by limiting'the amount ofliquidpiilyglyc'ol ether detergentto a low proportion'generally .well below 10% of the composition; If cakes are prepared by compressing such compositions they have poorcoherence, arefsnbject to bleeding of the detergent, andrapidly disintegrate on contact with water.- r
- outstanding detergent properties characterizeflmonq ethers of poly'glycjols in which the terminal ether-forming group is'ahydrocarbon radical of a higher molecular weight monohydric alcohol,-e.g. of' a higher aliphatic; or alicyclic alcohol of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, as obtained,
- the salts employed in their preparation are generally deli- "quescent, and theydetergent compositions sharej the deliquescent properties of the salts from which they are made, and if they are exposed for longer periods of time to a moist atmosphere, they become wet on the surface from absorbed moisture.
- the rela tively high percentage of polyglycol-ether detergent contained therein is generally unnecessary and wasteful for ordinary use. 1 i jUreahas been. suggested as a cake-forming diluentfor solid anionic detergents.
- parts of urea per part of the aforesaid homogeneous mixtures of hydrated salts with polyglycol ether detergents are no longer deliquescent, and can be. used as detergent theory, it is possible that the effect of urea in eliminating l deliquescence andproducing a mild alkaline reaction re-' sults from reaction of the urea (and such minor amounts of derivatives thereof formed by the effect of heat during fusion) with the metal'salt in the presence of atmospheric carbon dioxide, on the surface of the cake, to form a urea salt and anon-deliquescent metal. carbonate filmwhich; protects the cake from absorption of water.
- the solid masses obtained in accordance with this invention can be marketed in the form of cakes for cosmetic andhousehold use.- Moreover, they can be crushed, if desired, to granular products suitable for use in washing powders, Diluents and builders can be readily added to the products in granular form, While it is-possible to incorporate inert immiscible solids in the fused mixture before cooling, it is desirable to avoid admixture with materials having colloidal propertes, since such materials sometimes interfere with the formation of'solid homogeneous masses on cooling.
- Detergent cakes in accordance with this invention con sistingof a fuse and solidified mixture of urea, a normally liquid polyglycolether detergent, and a hydrated salt,-
- Example- 2 Homogeneous fusion mixtures result-upon fusing the following mixtures of hydrated salts withthe is'oo'c'tylphenylpolyethylene. glycol ether of the preceding-example.
- the detergent cakes of this invention have outstanding detergent properties and are effective not only in soft water, but also in sea water or hard water.-
- compositions in accordance with compositions of the foregoing, example subjected to fusion, homogeneous masses'or cakes are obtained on coolingwhich'dissolve at a much lower rate in water,
- Starch can alsobe mixed with the compositions ofthe ple, l5v parts of starch can be included in composition 2(1)) above, during. or prior to -fusion with urea.
- the hydrated salts employed inaccordance-with this invention are saltsof'light metals (i.e., metals having an atomic number up to ZO), which are-i1'1ertltowardthe,
- hydrates of aluminum, calcium and magnesium nitrates, or calcium and magnesium chlorides, and sodium acetate are especially suitable for use in the compositions of this invention.
- the polyglycollether detergents employed in accordance with this invention are the liquid condensation products of ethylene oxide (or other lower alkylene oxides such as propylene oxide) with alkyl phenols such as triisopropyl phenol, diamylphenol, isooctylphenol, nonyl phenol, dodecylphenol, and octadecylphenol; with higher fatty alcohols such as lauryl, oleyl or stearyl alcohol or mixtures of alcohols resulting from hydrogenation of the fatty acids of coconut oils; with rosin alcohols such as abietyl, dehydroabietyl and dior tetrahydroabietyl alcohols, such condensation products generally containing 4 to 20 mole, and in some cases up to 40,mols, of alkylene.
- alkyl phenols such as triisopropyl phenol, diamylphenol, isooctylphenol, nonyl phenol, dodecylphenol, and o
- Fusion of binary compositions of the hydrated salt with the polyglycol ether detergent can be carried out at the fusion temperature of the hydrate, or if desired, at a somewhat higher temperature.
- about 150 C. can be used, but in general, temperatures from the fusion temperature of the hydrate to about 25 C. above said fusion temperature are suitable.
- temperatures in the vicinity of the melting point of urea are ad- U vantageously employed, e.g.
- binary compositions of the liquid polyglycol-alcohol or -phenol ethers with the hydrated salts contain 40 to 80% by weight of the polyglycol ether, the amount of urea being at, least 0.6 parts, preferably 0.6 to 1.5 parts, per part by Weight of the mixture of the other two ingredients.
- the weight ratio of hydrated salt to polyglycol ether ranges from 3:2 to 1:4. The preferred range of this weight ratio is 3:2 to 2:3.
- the solidifiable mixtures obtained by fusion in accordance with this invention can be cast in molds to form cakes suitable for cosmetic and household use.
- the mixtures can also be solidified in masses and crushed to form granular. washing powders.
- Granulated or'flaked products can be obtained by spraying the fused liquid mass in a cold atmosphere, or flowing the liquid onto cooled flaking drums.
- a detergent composition comprising a solidified homogeneous fusion mass of a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a member of the group consisting of monohydric aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols of 8 to 20 carbon atoms and nuclear alkyl substituted monohydric phenols containing to 20 carbon atoms in their nuclear alkyl groups, in which the polyglycol radical is a chain of 4 to 40 oxyalkylene radicals of 2 to 3 carbon atoms with a hydrate of a water-soluble light metal salt of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum and calcium nitrates, magnesium and calcium chlorides, and sodium acetate, which is stable at fusion temperature, and urea, the weight ratio of said liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated light metal salt ranging from 4:1 to 2:3, and the amount of urea being at least 0.6 part per part by weight of the mixture, of said hydrate and said polyglycol ether.
- a detergent composition comprising a solidified homogeneous fusion mass of a normally liquid polyglycol Temperatures up to solubleglight metal salt of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum and calcium nitrates, magnesium and calcium chlorides, and sodium acetate, which is stable at fusion temperature, and urea, the weight ratio ofsaid liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated light metal salt ranging from 3:2 to 2:3, and the amount of urea being 0.6 to 1.5 parts per part by weight of the mixture of said hydrate and said polyglycol ether.
- a detergent composition comprising a solidified homogeneous fusion mass of a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a monohydric alkyl phenol in which the alkyl groupflcontains 8m 9 carbon atoms and the polyglycol ether radical is a chain of 8 to 10 oxyethylene groups with a fusible hydrate of calcium nitrate which is stable at fusion temperature, and with urea, the weight ratio of said polyglycol ether to said hydrate of calcium nitrate ranging from 3:2 to 2:3, and the amount of urea being'0.6 to 1.5 parts .per part by weight of the mixture of said hydrate and said polyglycol ether.
- a detergent composition "comprising a solidified homogeneous ,fusion mass of a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a monohydric alkyl phenol in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 9 carbon atoms and in which'the polyglycol radical is a chain of 8 to 10 oxyethylene groups with thetetrahydrate of calcium nitrate and urea, the weight ratio of said liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated calcium nitrate being 1:1 and the amount ofurea being 1.5 times the weight of the mixture of said hydrated calcium nitrate and said polyglycol ether.
- a detergent composition comprising a solidified homogeneous fusion mass of a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a monohydric alkyl phenol in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 9 carbon atoms and in which the polyglycol radical is a chain of 8 to 10 oxyethylene groups with the tetrahydrate of calcium nitrate and urea, the weight ratio of said liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated calcium nitrate being 1:1 and the amount of urea being 1.5 times the weight of the mixture of said hydrated calcium nitrate and said polyglycol ether, said fusion mass further containing a hydrophilic gum selected from the group consisting of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and hard waxlike polyethylene glycols, amounting to 0.25 to 2.0% of the combined weight of said polyglycol ether, hydrated salt and urea.
- a process for preparing a solid detergentcomposition which comprises fusing together a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a member of the group consisting of monohydric aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols of 8- atoms, with a hydrate of a water-soluble light metal salt of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum and calcium nitrates, magnesium and calcium chlorides, and sodium acetate, which is stable at fusion temperature, and urea, the weight ratio of said liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated light metal salt ranging from 4:1 to 2:3, and the amount of urea being at least 0.6 part per part by weight of the mixture of said hydrate and said polyglycol ether, to form a homogeneous liquid phase, and cooling said liquid phase to room temperature.
- a process for preparing a solid detergent composition which comprises fusing together a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a member of the group con sisting of monohydric aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols of 8 to 20 carbon atoms and nuclear alkyl substituted mono- 7 hydric phenols containing to 20 carbon atoms in their nuclear alkyl groups and in which the polyglycol radical is a chain of 4 to 20 oxyethylene radicals, with a hydrate of a water-soluble light metal salt of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum' and calcium nitrates, magnesium and calcium chlorides, and sodium acetate, which is stable at fusion temperature, and urea, the weight ratio.
- urea being 0.6 to 1.5 parts per part by weight of the 0 mixture of said' hydrate and said polyglycol ether, to form a homogenous liquid phase, and cooling said liquid phase to room temperature.
- a process for preparing a solid detergent composition which comprises fusing together a normally liquid po ys ic he of a monchydric a kyl p en l in which the a y s oup c ta ns.
- the polyglycol ether radical is a chainof .3 to oxyfithylene groups, w th a hydra of calcium n trat which is stable at fusion temperature, and with urea, the weight ratio of said polyglycol ether to said hydrate of calcium nitrate ranging from 3:2 to 2:3, and'the amount of urea being 0.6 to 1.5 parts per part by weight of the mixture of said hydrate and polyglycol ether, to form a homogeneous liquid phase, and cooling said liquid phase to room temperature.
- a process for preparing a solid detergent composition which comprises fusing together a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a monohydric alkyl phenol in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 9 carbon'atoms and in which the polyglycol radical is a chain of 8 to 10 my ethylene groups with tetrahydrate of calcium nitrate and urea, the weight ratio of said liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated calcium nitrate being 1:1 and the amount of urea being 1.5 times the weight of the mixture of said hydrated calcium nitrate and polyglycol ether, to form a homogeneous liquid phase, and cooling said liquid phase to room temperature,
- a process for preparing a solid detergent composi tion which comprises fusing together a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a 'monohydric alkyl phenol in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 9 carbon atoms and in which the polyglycol radical is a chain of 8 to 10 oxyethylene groups with tetrahydrate of calcium nitrate, urea, and a hydrophilic gum of the group consisting of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and hard waxlike polyethylene glycols, the Weight ratio of said liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated calcium nitrate being 1:1, the amount of urea being 1.5 times the weight of the mixture of said hydrated calcium nitrate and polyglycol ether, and the amount of said gum being 0.25 to 2.0% of the combined weight of said polyglycol ether, hydrated salt and urea, to form a homogeneous liquid phase, and cooling said liquid phase to room temperature.
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Description
United States PatentO SOLID DETERGENT COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR PREPARATION THEREOF j Dmitry Alexis Shiraefli," New York, N.Y., assignor to General Aniline & Film Corporation, a'corporation of Pelaware g No Drawing. Application July 10, 1951 I Serial No. 236,089. J j
. Claims. (Cl. 252-152) This invention relates to the preparation of solid coherent detergent masses or' cakes containing, as the active detergent component thereof, a normally liquid surfaceactive polyglycol ether. l
The manufacture of cakes from synthetic detergents,
suitable for use in the same manner as a cake of ordinary soap, presents difficulties even when the synthetic detergent employed is asolid. Thus, solid organic sulfonates and sulfates having detergent properties, such as the higher alkyl aryl alkali metal sulfonates, and higher fatty alcohol alkali metal sulfuric ester salts, when compressed to a cake, disintegrate rapidly in' water because Patented Mar. 8, 1960 erably 4 to 20 lower allrylene glycol residues. Such detergents are prepared, for example, by condensation of a lower alkylene oxide, especially ethylene oxide, in the molecular proportions corresponding to the number of glycol residues to be introduced in the polyglycol radical,
with the higher alcohol or alkyl phenol selected to form the terminal ether radical.
This invention is dlrected to thepreparation of solid coherent compositions containing a liquid polyglycol l0.
ether detergent of the class described in the preceding paragraph. While some of the aforesaid condensation products are viscous pastes or solid waxvlike materials, many having the most desirable detergent properties in, aqueoussolution, especially those containing 4 to 20 oxyethylene radicals in the polyglycol chain, are liquids of oily or syrupy consistency at ordinary temperatures. Typical detergents of this kind are the condensation products of isooctyl or nonyl phenol with 8 to 10 mols of ethylene oxide, the product being an isooctylor nonylphenyl polyglycol ether.
It is accordingly an obj stable solid coherent compositions containing a relatively large proportion (e.g. up to about 50%) of the aforesaid liquid polyglycol ether detergent in the formof a solid cake, which can also be reduced to a granular powder,
. suitablefor household and cosmeticiuse.
of their relatively high solubility and the solubility and crystalline structure of the inorganic salts (e.g. sodium sulfate) which generally accompany them in commercial preparations. When rubbed between the hands inwater, excessive amounts of detergent are removed, causing wasting of the active ingredient and excessive defatting action on theskin. s I
However, solid detergents can be mixed with binders and other solids to form solid cakes in which solubility aforesaidtype with water-soluble" salts such as alkali l metal sulfates, chlorides, phosphates or silicates, or with absorbent colloid powderssuchas kieselguh'r, Florida earth, or silica gel, to form washing powders. The comthe polyglycolether detergent tends to bleed from the In the development of this"inventio'n,'it' was found that on adding a normallyxliquid polyglycol ether detergent to a fused-hydrate of a Water-soluble salt of a light metal (i.e., a metal having-an atoin'icnumber notgreaterthan 20), which hydrate withstandsfusion without decomposie tion, especially the hydrates of'magnesium, aluminum and'calcium nitrates magnesium and calcium chlorides,
' and sodium acetate, a homogeneous liquidyphase is formed which, on'cooli'ng, does notseparateinto. its components, but remains to all appearances homogeneous, and (depending on the proportion-of hydrated salt presentjtherein) forms a gelatinous to solid homogeneous tions of thistype contain 40 to 80%. by weight of liquid 7 solid componentof the powder, moistening containers,
I and interferingwith satisfactory storage, packagingand marketing of the compositions. In practice, satisfactory .compositions'of thistype are generally obtained only by limiting'the amount ofliquidpiilyglyc'ol ether detergentto a low proportion'generally .well below 10% of the composition; If cakes are prepared by compressing such compositions they have poorcoherence, arefsnbject to bleeding of the detergent, andrapidly disintegrate on contact with water.- r
Outstanding detergent; properties characterizeflmonq ethers of poly'glycjols in which the terminal ether-forming group is'ahydrocarbon radical of a higher molecular weight monohydric alcohol,-e.g. of' a higher aliphatic; or alicyclic alcohol of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, as obtained,
for example, by hydrogenation of the carboxyl groups,
as'such orin theform oi anester, injathe. fatty acids of natural fats or in rosin acids and their hydrogenation and dehydrogenation products; or of g a' monohydric alkyl the'polyglycol ether detergents.
mass at room'temperature (20? to 30 C.) which does not separate into its components on standing. .Composipolyglycol ether detergent. The observed formation. of a homogeneous liquid phase from a fused hydrated .salt
and a liquid. polyglycol ether, whi ch fails to. separate on' cooling,v is especially surprising in view of the fact that .the corresponding anhydrous salts are insoluble in Solid masses prepared n the foregoing mannermay have adequate coherence; hardness" andstability against binations thusobtained are mere physical mixtures, and
separation to serve as detergent cakes. However, the salts employed in their preparation are generally deli- "quescent, and theydetergent compositions sharej the deliquescent properties of the salts from which they are made, and if they are exposed for longer periods of time to a moist atmosphere, they become wet on the surface from absorbed moisture. In addition the rela tively high percentage of polyglycol-ether detergent contained therein is generally unnecessary and wasteful for ordinary use. 1 i jUreahas been. suggested as a cake-forming diluentfor solid anionic detergents. When mixed in fused state with the liquid polyglycol ethers of higher monohydric alcohols or alkylated phenols described above and having especially desirable detergent properties, urea fails .to form a homogeneous mixture, and the liquid detergent separates from the urea on cooling. I V
I have discovered, in accordance with this invention,- that'the homogeneous. liquids obtained by combining polyglycol ether detergents with the aforesaid fused hydrated phenolcontaining 5 to 20 carbon atoms in nuclear alkyl groups, the polyglycol chain containing, 4 to 401and'prefsalts, when mixed with fused urea, combine therewith in a wide range of proportions to yield a homogeneous liquid phase. If the proportion of urea is about 0.610
ect of this invention to produce 1.5'times the weight of the polyglycol ether-hydrated salt composition, the resulting liquid solidifies on cooling to a solid coherent mass which is homogeneous to all appearances I-f larger proportions of urea are added, a
homogeneous liquid phase is formed, and on cooling, a solid is likewise obtained, but it is no longer homogeneous, being shot through with characteristic needlelike 7 crystals of urea.
vThe solid masses obtained by cofusion of 0.6 to 1.5
. parts of urea per part of the aforesaid homogeneous mixtures of hydrated salts with polyglycol ether detergents are no longer deliquescent, and can be. used as detergent theory, it is possible that the effect of urea in eliminating l deliquescence andproducing a mild alkaline reaction re-' sults from reaction of the urea (and such minor amounts of derivatives thereof formed by the effect of heat during fusion) with the metal'salt in the presence of atmospheric carbon dioxide, on the surface of the cake, to form a urea salt and anon-deliquescent metal. carbonate filmwhich; protects the cake from absorption of water.
-This effect is more pronounced in the case of metal nitrates'which, because of the insolubility of urea nitrate, tendtoreact more readily with urea to liberate the metal oxide for reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide on the surface of the, mass.
The solid masses obtained in accordance with this invention can be marketed in the form of cakes for cosmetic andhousehold use.- Moreover, they can be crushed, if desired, to granular products suitable for use in washing powders, Diluents and builders can be readily added to the products in granular form, While it is-possible to incorporate inert immiscible solids in the fused mixture before cooling, it is desirable to avoid admixture with materials having colloidal propertes, since such materials sometimes interfere with the formation of'solid homogeneous masses on cooling. I
Detergent cakes in accordance with this invention con sistingof a fuse and solidified mixture of urea, a normally liquid polyglycolether detergent, and a hydrated salt,-
are relatively soluble-in water and substantial'amounts are lost if allowed to remain in contact with water, as in an. undrained soap dish. I have further discovered that by inclusionin the fused mixture of 'theother ingredients of- 0.25 to 2.0% by weight of a hydrophilic gum such as sodiumcarhoxy methyl cellulose or waxy ethylene oxide polymers or polyvinyl alcohol which swell to form a colloidal solution in water, the resulting fused mixture is homogeneous,- remains homogeneous when cooled, and has a much slower'rate of solution in'wate'r. Thus,
. cxcessivewaste of. the cletergent cakes of this invention by reason of their solubility in water canbe largely when fusion'is complete, 10' parts of-isooctylphenyl polyethylene glycol rnonoether, containing 8 to 10 ethylene oxide radicals per molecule in the polyglycol ether chain, are added. The mixture is agitated at fusion temperature until a homogeneous'rnixture is obtained. The latter is allowed to cool atroo'rn" temperature, whereby a white, apparently homogeneous, hard coherent solid is formed. The resulting mass can be exposed to air without deliquescence. On rubbing it between the hands in water, it' dissolves slowly anduniformly without disintegration, affording excellent washing action.
On reducing the quantity of urea to about 12 parts, or reducing the amount of hydrated. calcium nitrate to 2.5 parts in this example, solidrcakes' are also obtained. On increasing the amount of. urea. to'about 40 parts, a cake is obtained which is still coherent and solid, but is shot through with needlelike crystalsiof urea.
, Example- 2 Homogeneous fusion mixtures result-upon fusing the following mixtures of hydrated salts withthe is'oo'c'tylphenylpolyethylene. glycol ether of the preceding-example.
L Amount Amount; ,of Poly- .Fusiou' Condition on. Hydrate pts. glycol Temp, Cooling to Ether, (3. 20 6.
pts.
(a) osmomimo. 10; 4o so l5 16' ,EQ 1or5 75'- (d) CHsCO0Na.3H O 10 40; (e) MgClz.6HzO 10 10 so Viscous gel.
Solid.
a Viscous gel. Solid. I
Each of these mixtures yield homogeneous liquids which solidify to coherent solid cakes whenurea'amounting to 0.6 to 1.5 times the combined amounts ofthe foregoingingredientsisfusedtherewith; Fusion temglycol s"'(Carbowax4000or Carbowax 6000) in the examplesgdu-ring: fusion, asan. inert diluent. jFor exam avoided by inclusion of hydrophilic gum of the aforesaid type in the aforesaid proportions with the other ingredients.
The detergent cakes of this invention have outstanding detergent properties and are effective not only in soft water, butalso in sea water or hard water.-
The preparation of compositions" in accordance with compositions of the foregoing, example subjected to fusion, homogeneous masses'or cakes are obtained on coolingwhich'dissolve at a much lower rate in water,
and which, when submerged in, excess water fora longer 'period,;-so that the; urea, hydrated salt and. polyglycol ether detergentiare dissolved, leave a colloidal skeleton of the gum in the; shape of. the original cake.
Starch; can alsobe mixed with the compositions ofthe ple, l5v parts of starch can be included in composition 2(1)) above, during. or prior to -fusion with urea.
1 Instead of. the isooctylphenohpolyglycol ether of the V Camden-3111 and Ca(NO' ,,.4H0, either? hydrate; oramixture' of the two, can heused according" to this invention.
The hydrated salts employed inaccordance-with this invention are saltsof'light metals (i.e., metals having an atomic number up to ZO), which are-i1'1ertltowardthe,
other components employed therewith at fusion temperatures, and which melt without'substantial decomposition of the salt, itself or of the' hydrate, i.e., without separation of a different solid phase on fusion, and without boiling at atmospheric pressure; As'indicated in the examples, hydrates of aluminum, calcium and magnesium nitrates, or calcium and magnesium chlorides, and sodium acetate are especially suitable for use in the compositions of this invention.
The polyglycollether detergents employed in accordance with this invention are the liquid condensation products of ethylene oxide (or other lower alkylene oxides such as propylene oxide) with alkyl phenols such as triisopropyl phenol, diamylphenol, isooctylphenol, nonyl phenol, dodecylphenol, and octadecylphenol; with higher fatty alcohols such as lauryl, oleyl or stearyl alcohol or mixtures of alcohols resulting from hydrogenation of the fatty acids of coconut oils; with rosin alcohols such as abietyl, dehydroabietyl and dior tetrahydroabietyl alcohols, such condensation products generally containing 4 to 20 mole, and in some cases up to 40,mols, of alkylene.
oxide per mol of the alcohol or phenol with which condensation is effected.
Fusion of binary compositions of the hydrated salt with the polyglycol ether detergent can be carried out at the fusion temperature of the hydrate, or if desired, at a somewhat higher temperature. about 150 C. can be used, but in general, temperatures from the fusion temperature of the hydrate to about 25 C. above said fusion temperature are suitable. In preparing the urea compositions of this invention, temperatures in the vicinity of the melting point of urea are ad- U vantageously employed, e.g. temperatures from 130 to As indicated above, binary compositions of the liquid polyglycol-alcohol or -phenol ethers with the hydrated salts contain 40 to 80% by weight of the polyglycol ether, the amount of urea being at, least 0.6 parts, preferably 0.6 to 1.5 parts, per part by Weight of the mixture of the other two ingredients. Thus, the weight ratio of hydrated salt to polyglycol ether ranges from 3:2 to 1:4. The preferred range of this weight ratio is 3:2 to 2:3.
The solidifiable mixtures obtained by fusion in accordance with this invention can be cast in molds to form cakes suitable for cosmetic and household use. The mixtures can also be solidified in masses and crushed to form granular. washing powders. Granulated or'flaked products can be obtained by spraying the fused liquid mass in a cold atmosphere, or flowing the liquid onto cooled flaking drums.
Variations and modifications, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art, can be made in the compositions and procedures hereinbefore described without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
I claim:
1. A detergent composition comprising a solidified homogeneous fusion mass of a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a member of the group consisting of monohydric aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols of 8 to 20 carbon atoms and nuclear alkyl substituted monohydric phenols containing to 20 carbon atoms in their nuclear alkyl groups, in which the polyglycol radical is a chain of 4 to 40 oxyalkylene radicals of 2 to 3 carbon atoms with a hydrate of a water-soluble light metal salt of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum and calcium nitrates, magnesium and calcium chlorides, and sodium acetate, which is stable at fusion temperature, and urea, the weight ratio of said liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated light metal salt ranging from 4:1 to 2:3, and the amount of urea being at least 0.6 part per part by weight of the mixture, of said hydrate and said polyglycol ether.
2. A detergent composition comprising a solidified homogeneous fusion mass of a normally liquid polyglycol Temperatures up to solubleglight metal salt of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum and calcium nitrates, magnesium and calcium chlorides, and sodium acetate, which is stable at fusion temperature, and urea, the weight ratio ofsaid liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated light metal salt ranging from 3:2 to 2:3, and the amount of urea being 0.6 to 1.5 parts per part by weight of the mixture of said hydrate and said polyglycol ether.
3. A detergent composition comprising a solidified homogeneous fusion mass of a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a monohydric alkyl phenol in which the alkyl groupflcontains 8m 9 carbon atoms and the polyglycol ether radical is a chain of 8 to 10 oxyethylene groups with a fusible hydrate of calcium nitrate which is stable at fusion temperature, and with urea, the weight ratio of said polyglycol ether to said hydrate of calcium nitrate ranging from 3:2 to 2:3, and the amount of urea being'0.6 to 1.5 parts .per part by weight of the mixture of said hydrate and said polyglycol ether.
4. A detergent composition "comprising a solidified homogeneous ,fusion mass of a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a monohydric alkyl phenol in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 9 carbon atoms and in which'the polyglycol radical is a chain of 8 to 10 oxyethylene groups with thetetrahydrate of calcium nitrate and urea, the weight ratio of said liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated calcium nitrate being 1:1 and the amount ofurea being 1.5 times the weight of the mixture of said hydrated calcium nitrate and said polyglycol ether.
5. A detergent composition comprising a solidified homogeneous fusion mass of a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a monohydric alkyl phenol in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 9 carbon atoms and in which the polyglycol radical is a chain of 8 to 10 oxyethylene groups with the tetrahydrate of calcium nitrate and urea, the weight ratio of said liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated calcium nitrate being 1:1 and the amount of urea being 1.5 times the weight of the mixture of said hydrated calcium nitrate and said polyglycol ether, said fusion mass further containing a hydrophilic gum selected from the group consisting of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and hard waxlike polyethylene glycols, amounting to 0.25 to 2.0% of the combined weight of said polyglycol ether, hydrated salt and urea. v
6. A process for preparing a solid detergentcomposition which comprises fusing together a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a member of the group consisting of monohydric aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols of 8- atoms, with a hydrate of a water-soluble light metal salt of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum and calcium nitrates, magnesium and calcium chlorides, and sodium acetate, which is stable at fusion temperature, and urea, the weight ratio of said liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated light metal salt ranging from 4:1 to 2:3, and the amount of urea being at least 0.6 part per part by weight of the mixture of said hydrate and said polyglycol ether, to form a homogeneous liquid phase, and cooling said liquid phase to room temperature.
7.- A process for preparing a solid detergent composition which comprises fusing together a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a member of the group con sisting of monohydric aliphatic and alicyclic alcohols of 8 to 20 carbon atoms and nuclear alkyl substituted mono- 7 hydric phenols containing to 20 carbon atoms in their nuclear alkyl groups and in which the polyglycol radical is a chain of 4 to 20 oxyethylene radicals, with a hydrate of a water-soluble light metal salt of the group consisting of magnesium, aluminum' and calcium nitrates, magnesium and calcium chlorides, and sodium acetate, which is stable at fusion temperature, and urea, the weight ratio.
urea being 0.6 to 1.5 parts per part by weight of the 0 mixture of said' hydrate and said polyglycol ether, to form a homogenous liquid phase, and cooling said liquid phase to room temperature. i
8. A process for preparing a solid detergent composition which comprises fusing together a normally liquid po ys ic he of a monchydric a kyl p en l in which the a y s oup c ta ns. 8 to 9 car n a oms nd the polyglycol ether radical is a chainof .3 to oxyfithylene groups, w th a hydra of calcium n trat which is stable at fusion temperature, and with urea, the weight ratio of said polyglycol ether to said hydrate of calcium nitrate ranging from 3:2 to 2:3, and'the amount of urea being 0.6 to 1.5 parts per part by weight of the mixture of said hydrate and polyglycol ether, to form a homogeneous liquid phase, and cooling said liquid phase to room temperature.
9. A process for preparing a solid detergent composition which comprises fusing together a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a monohydric alkyl phenol in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 9 carbon'atoms and in which the polyglycol radical is a chain of 8 to 10 my ethylene groups with tetrahydrate of calcium nitrate and urea, the weight ratio of said liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated calcium nitrate being 1:1 and the amount of urea being 1.5 times the weight of the mixture of said hydrated calcium nitrate and polyglycol ether, to form a homogeneous liquid phase, and cooling said liquid phase to room temperature,
10. A process for preparing a solid detergent composi tion which comprises fusing together a normally liquid polyglycol monoether of a 'monohydric alkyl phenol in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 9 carbon atoms and in which the polyglycol radical is a chain of 8 to 10 oxyethylene groups with tetrahydrate of calcium nitrate, urea, and a hydrophilic gum of the group consisting of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and hard waxlike polyethylene glycols, the Weight ratio of said liquid polyglycol ether to said hydrated calcium nitrate being 1:1, the amount of urea being 1.5 times the weight of the mixture of said hydrated calcium nitrate and polyglycol ether, and the amount of said gum being 0.25 to 2.0% of the combined weight of said polyglycol ether, hydrated salt and urea, to form a homogeneous liquid phase, and cooling said liquid phase to room temperature. 7
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS France Oct. 4, 1950
Claims (1)
1. A DETERGENT COMPOSITION COMPRISING A SOLIDIFIED HOMOGENEOUS FUSION MASS OF A NORMALLY LIQUID POLYGLYCOL MONOETHER OF A MEMBER OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF MONOHYDIRC ALIPHATIC AND ALICYCLIC ALCOHOLS OF 8 TO 20 CARBON ATOMS AND NUCLEAR ALKYL SUBMITTED MONOHYDRIC PHENOLS CONTAINING 5 TO 20 CARBON ATOMS IN THEIR NUCLEAR ALKYL GROUPS, IN WHICH THE POLYCLYCOL RADICAL IS A CHAIN OF 4 TO 40 OXYALKLENE RADICALS OF 2 TO 3 CARBON ATOMS WITH A HYDRATE OF A WATER-SOLUBLE LIGHT METAL SALT OF THE GROUP CONSISTING OF MAGNESIUM, ALUMINUM AND CALCIUM NITRATES, MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM CHLORIDES, AND SODIUM ACETATE, WHICH IS STABLE AT FUSION TEMPERATURE, AND UREA, THE WEIGHT RATIO OF SAID LIQUID POLYGLYCOL ETHER TO SAID HYDRATED LIGHT METAL SALT RANGING FRM 4:1 TO 2:3, AND THE AMOUNT OF UREA BEING AT LEAST 6.0 PART PER PART BY WEIGHT OF THE MIXTURE OF SAID HYDRATE AND SAID POLYGLYCOL ETHER.
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Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3154498A (en) * | 1960-12-06 | 1964-10-27 | Calgon Corp | Water treating composition |
WO1995018211A1 (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-07-06 | Ecolab Inc. | Method of making a solid alkaline cleaning composition |
US5674831A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1997-10-07 | Ecolab Inc. | Method of making urea-based solid cleaning compositions |
USD419262S (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2000-01-18 | Ecolab Inc. | Solid block detergent |
US6060444A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 2000-05-09 | Ecolab Inc. | Method of making non-caustic solid cleaning compositions |
US6124250A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 2000-09-26 | Ecolab Inc. | Method of making highly alkaline solid cleaning compositions |
US6150324A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 2000-11-21 | Ecolab, Inc. | Alkaline detergent containing mixed organic and inorganic sequestrants resulting in improved soil removal |
US6156715A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 2000-12-05 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid block metal protecting warewashing detergent composition |
US6177392B1 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2001-01-23 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid block detergent composition |
US6258765B1 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2001-07-10 | Ecolab Inc. | Binding agent for solid block functional material |
US6632291B2 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2003-10-14 | Ecolab Inc. | Methods and compositions for cleaning, rinsing, and antimicrobial treatment of medical equipment |
US6638902B2 (en) | 2001-02-01 | 2003-10-28 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid enzyme compositions and methods employing them |
US6673765B1 (en) | 1995-05-15 | 2004-01-06 | Ecolab Inc. | Method of making non-caustic solid cleaning compositions |
US20040259757A1 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 2004-12-23 | Ecolab Inc. | Two part chemical concentrate |
DE10347824A1 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-06-09 | Hans-Joachim Dr. Lach | Pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition for the treatment of the skin |
WO2006110029A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-19 | R & H Minerals B.V. | Salt product, method for manufacture and use thereof |
US11214763B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2022-01-04 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Solidifying liquid amine oxide, betaine, and/or sultaine surfactants with a carrier |
US11377628B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2022-07-05 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Solidifying liquid anionic surfactants |
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US7517846B2 (en) | 1991-05-14 | 2009-04-14 | Ecolab Inc. | Solid, two part chemical concentrate |
US20060040845A1 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 2006-02-23 | Ecolab Inc. | Two part chemical concentrate |
US20040259757A1 (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 2004-12-23 | Ecolab Inc. | Two part chemical concentrate |
WO1995018211A1 (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-07-06 | Ecolab Inc. | Method of making a solid alkaline cleaning composition |
US5474698A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-12-12 | Ecolab Inc. | Urea-based solid alkaline cleaning composition |
US5674831A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1997-10-07 | Ecolab Inc. | Method of making urea-based solid cleaning compositions |
US5698513A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1997-12-16 | Ecolab Inc. | Urea-based solid cleaning compositions free from or containing minor amounts of water |
US6060444A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 2000-05-09 | Ecolab Inc. | Method of making non-caustic solid cleaning compositions |
US6124250A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 2000-09-26 | Ecolab Inc. | Method of making highly alkaline solid cleaning compositions |
US6673765B1 (en) | 1995-05-15 | 2004-01-06 | Ecolab Inc. | Method of making non-caustic solid cleaning compositions |
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US6583094B1 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2003-06-24 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid block detergent composition |
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US6410495B1 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2002-06-25 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid block metal protecting warewashing detergent composition |
US20030216279A1 (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 2003-11-20 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid block detergent composition |
US6653266B2 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2003-11-25 | Ecolab Inc. | Binding agent for solid block functional material |
US6660707B2 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2003-12-09 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid block metal protecting warewashing detergent composition |
US6258765B1 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2001-07-10 | Ecolab Inc. | Binding agent for solid block functional material |
US20080287338A1 (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 2008-11-20 | Ecolab Inc. | Binding agent for solid block functional material |
US7341987B2 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2008-03-11 | Ecolab Inc. | Binding agent for solid block functional material |
US6177392B1 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2001-01-23 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid block detergent composition |
US20040106535A1 (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 2004-06-03 | Ecolab Inc. | Binding agent for solid block functional material |
US6831054B2 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2004-12-14 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid block detergent composition |
US6156715A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 2000-12-05 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid block metal protecting warewashing detergent composition |
US6835706B2 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2004-12-28 | Ecolab Inc. | Alkaline detergent containing mixed organic and inorganic sequestrants resulting in improved soil removal |
US20050119149A1 (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 2005-06-02 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid block detergent composition |
US7094746B2 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2006-08-22 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid block detergent composition |
US6150324A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 2000-11-21 | Ecolab, Inc. | Alkaline detergent containing mixed organic and inorganic sequestrants resulting in improved soil removal |
US7087569B2 (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2006-08-08 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid block metal protecting warewashing detergent composition |
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US6638902B2 (en) | 2001-02-01 | 2003-10-28 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid enzyme compositions and methods employing them |
US20040072714A1 (en) * | 2001-02-01 | 2004-04-15 | Ecolab Inc. | Stable solid enzyme compositions and methods employing them |
US20040048760A1 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2004-03-11 | Ecolab Inc. | Methods and compositions for cleaning, rinsing, and antimicrobial treatment of medical equipment |
US6632291B2 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2003-10-14 | Ecolab Inc. | Methods and compositions for cleaning, rinsing, and antimicrobial treatment of medical equipment |
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WO2006110029A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-19 | R & H Minerals B.V. | Salt product, method for manufacture and use thereof |
WO2006110024A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-19 | R & H Minerals B.V. | Salt product, method for manufacture and use thereof |
US11214763B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2022-01-04 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Solidifying liquid amine oxide, betaine, and/or sultaine surfactants with a carrier |
US11377628B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2022-07-05 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Solidifying liquid anionic surfactants |
US11655436B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2023-05-23 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Solidifying liquid amine oxide, betaine, and/or sultaine surfactants with a binder and optional carrier |
US11834628B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2023-12-05 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Solidifying liquid anionic surfactants |
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