US2925595A - Monopulse transmitting and receiving systems - Google Patents

Monopulse transmitting and receiving systems Download PDF

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Publication number
US2925595A
US2925595A US609151A US60915156A US2925595A US 2925595 A US2925595 A US 2925595A US 609151 A US609151 A US 609151A US 60915156 A US60915156 A US 60915156A US 2925595 A US2925595 A US 2925595A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
transmitting
monopulse
guides
radiators
receiving
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Expired - Lifetime
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US609151A
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English (en)
Inventor
Thourel Leo
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Thales SA
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CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
    • G01S13/44—Monopulse radar, i.e. simultaneous lobing
    • G01S13/4409—HF sub-systems particularly adapted therefor, e.g. circuits for signal combination
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to aerials for monopulse type radars.
  • the antenna in radars of this type, must have a transmitting radiation pattern comprising a single directive lobe, and a receiving pat-tern having four directive lobes intersecting each other, preferably at a level of about 3 db below the level corresponding to the maximum radiation.
  • the receiving antenna generally comprises a paraboloid illuminated by four horns.
  • the transmitting aerial of the simplest type consists of an additional horn located at the center of a square at the apices of which the four receiving horns are respectively located, However, on account of the required increase in size, such an arrangement is unpractical. It should, furthenbe noted, that the minimum spacing which it is necessary to provide between the four receiving horns, prevents-the receiving patterns from intersecting at the desired 3 vdb level.”
  • the device according to the invention comprises a reflector illuminated from four different radiators provided with a correcting device for bringing closer to one another their respective phase centers, means for feeding in phase the ultra high frequency pulse energy to said four radiators to combine their respective radiation patterns into a single directive lobe, and, switch means, to make these radiators independent of one another when operating as receiving elements, to provide four individual radiating patterns.
  • the four radiators are four wave-guides placed side by side. These four guides are terminated by resonant windows and the arrangement is completed by a correcting device comprising four inwardly converging flanges, which brings the respective phase centers of the four guides closer to one another. Matching means are preferably provided in the guides, and the windows are uncoupled from each other in any conventional manner.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an end cross-section of the four wave guide radiator used in the device of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is the same cross-section, showing the four resonant windows
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the wave guides of Fi 2;
  • Figs. 4A and 4B are respectively a plan and an elevated view of the svstem of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic plan view of an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows diagrammatically a system according to the invention
  • Fig. 7 is a view of a particular embodiment of the device, by way of example.
  • Figs. 8, 9 and 10 are the radiation patterns of a system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows four open wave-guides 1,2,3 and 4 placed side'by side, and having phase centers (p (p ga n
  • the level at which the lobes respectively radiated by the tour guides, intersect is found'to be at least 10 db below the maximum "level. If,'a paraboloid of greater focal distance is used to decrease this level to about 3 db, the guides which, in this case, are located at a great distance from the paraboloid, would radiate outwardly with respect to the latter.
  • the level is readily brought to 3 db.
  • the four guides 1, 2, 3 and 4 are closed respectively by means of resonant windows 5, 6, 7 and 8.
  • the distances between the centers of these windows are selected in such a manner that the axis of the four corresponding radiation beams, lie, two by two, in rectangular planes, symmetrically with respect to the focal axis of the paraboloid.
  • a correcting device is placed in front of this arrange ment.
  • This device comprises convergent flangesll', 12,
  • Fig. 5 shows diagrammatically and in cross-section the transmitting and receiving device of the invention. It comprises a parabolic reflector 15 and feeding guides 51, 54 and 52,53.
  • This switching arrangement enables the system to pass from the transmitting position, the four guides being fed in phase, to the receiving position, where each of the guides operates independently of one another.
  • the switching is provided, according to the invention, by jllIlClllOllS, T.R. and A.T.R. switches disposed as shown in Fig. 6.
  • Four magic tees 55 to 58 are disposed between the radiating elements 1 to 4 and the energy source 69.
  • the energy supplied by source 69 is divided into two equal fractions by tee 55 each of these fractions being again divided into two. further equal fractionsby means of tees 56 and 57.
  • Each of the radiators thus receives substantially a quarter of the available energy, and the radiators are fed in-phase if the lengths of the guides connecting the 7 2,925,595 7 Patented Feb, 16,
  • a receiver 72 connected to guide 68, the latter being coupled to guide 67 by duplexer 71, of a conventional type.
  • the difference (1+2)-(3+4) formed in arm 60 provides, as is well known, the error voltage corresponding to the angle of elevation of the target. This voltage is then used in a second receiver 73, connected to the vertical arm of tee 55 by means of T.R. device 63.
  • FIG. 7 shows a practical embodiment of the invention, wherein same reference numbers have been used to designate same elements as in the preceding figures.
  • Curves shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10, illustrate the results obtained during tests, with a frequency of 9,375 megacycles. This axis of the radiated beam is directed along the axis of the paraboloid reflector.
  • the aperture angle of the transmission beam, measured at a level of 3 db is 2 4' and at 10 db is less than 5.
  • the four reception patterns intersect at a level of about 3 db.
  • the aperture angles at 3 db and at 10 db were respectively 2 3 and less than 5.
  • a transmitting and receiving device of the monopulse type comprising: a reflector; and a first, a second, a third and a fourth rectangular radiator disposed side by side and having respectively, a first, a second, a third, and a fourth phase centers, said phase centers being located respectively at the four apices of a rectangle; said first, second, third and fourth radiators having respectively a first, a second, a third and a fourth resonant window directed towards said reflector, the respective distances between the centers of said windows being respectively smaller than the respective distances of said phase centers; the outer edges of said radiators thus forming a rectangle, and two pairs of flanges having outer edges converging by pairs, directed towards said reflector and forming the lateral walls of a truncated pyramid whose large base contacts said rectangle formed by said outer edges of said radiators and whose small base is defined by said outer edges of said flanges; and means for feeding in phase to said radiators the ultra high frequency pulse modulated energy to be transmitted, and
US609151A 1955-09-21 1956-09-11 Monopulse transmitting and receiving systems Expired - Lifetime US2925595A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1133058T 1955-09-21

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US2925595A true US2925595A (en) 1960-02-16

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US (1) US2925595A (fr)
FR (1) FR1133058A (fr)
GB (1) GB796915A (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3093826A (en) * 1960-04-08 1963-06-11 Litton Systems Inc Antenna system
US3127494A (en) * 1961-03-13 1964-03-31 Studebaker Corp Microwave heating apparatus
US3129425A (en) * 1957-09-27 1964-04-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Three beam monopulse radar system and apparatus
US3271776A (en) * 1962-12-28 1966-09-06 Hazeltine Research Inc Intercoupling lines for impedance matching of array antennas
US3308468A (en) * 1961-05-22 1967-03-07 Hazeltine Research Inc Monopulse antenna system providing independent control in a plurality of modes of operation
US3392395A (en) * 1961-05-22 1968-07-09 Hazeltine Research Inc Monopulse antenna system providing independent control in a plurality of modes of operation
US4348679A (en) * 1980-10-06 1982-09-07 United Technologies Corporation Multi-mode dual-feed array radar antenna
US4495504A (en) * 1983-03-02 1985-01-22 Raytheon Company Radio frequency antenna having a reflector with an edge in a pattern null region to reduce edge scattering
US4712110A (en) * 1985-12-26 1987-12-08 General Dynamics, Pomona Division Five-port monopulse antenna feed structure with one dedicated transmit port
FR2943466A1 (fr) * 2009-03-20 2010-09-24 Thales Sa Element rayonnant a bipolarisation

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1240951B (de) * 1960-02-17 1967-05-24 North American Aviation Inc Radarantennenanordnung zur gleichzeitigen Entfernungs- und Richtungsbestimmung in der Azimut- und Elevationsebene
US3241146A (en) * 1963-01-30 1966-03-15 North American Aviation Inc Four aperture radiator for illuminating main dish

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2585173A (en) * 1948-07-01 1952-02-12 Raytheon Mfg Co Radio-frequency transmission line circuit

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2585173A (en) * 1948-07-01 1952-02-12 Raytheon Mfg Co Radio-frequency transmission line circuit

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3129425A (en) * 1957-09-27 1964-04-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Three beam monopulse radar system and apparatus
US3093826A (en) * 1960-04-08 1963-06-11 Litton Systems Inc Antenna system
US3127494A (en) * 1961-03-13 1964-03-31 Studebaker Corp Microwave heating apparatus
US3308468A (en) * 1961-05-22 1967-03-07 Hazeltine Research Inc Monopulse antenna system providing independent control in a plurality of modes of operation
US3392395A (en) * 1961-05-22 1968-07-09 Hazeltine Research Inc Monopulse antenna system providing independent control in a plurality of modes of operation
US3271776A (en) * 1962-12-28 1966-09-06 Hazeltine Research Inc Intercoupling lines for impedance matching of array antennas
US4348679A (en) * 1980-10-06 1982-09-07 United Technologies Corporation Multi-mode dual-feed array radar antenna
US4495504A (en) * 1983-03-02 1985-01-22 Raytheon Company Radio frequency antenna having a reflector with an edge in a pattern null region to reduce edge scattering
US4712110A (en) * 1985-12-26 1987-12-08 General Dynamics, Pomona Division Five-port monopulse antenna feed structure with one dedicated transmit port
FR2943466A1 (fr) * 2009-03-20 2010-09-24 Thales Sa Element rayonnant a bipolarisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1133058A (fr) 1957-03-20
GB796915A (en) 1958-06-18

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