US3311917A - Stepped beam slot antenna array - Google Patents

Stepped beam slot antenna array Download PDF

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Publication number
US3311917A
US3311917A US386553A US38655364A US3311917A US 3311917 A US3311917 A US 3311917A US 386553 A US386553 A US 386553A US 38655364 A US38655364 A US 38655364A US 3311917 A US3311917 A US 3311917A
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United States
Prior art keywords
phase
lens
antenna array
slot antenna
radiating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US386553A
Inventor
Thourel Leo
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Thales SA
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CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H01Q25/008—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device lens fed multibeam arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/245—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching in the focal plane of a focussing device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antennas of the type used in three-dimensional radars. Such antennas are zgenerally capable either of simultaneously radiatin'g a plurality of beams stepped in elevation or of radiating a single beam, or a plurality of beams, for scanning space in elevation.
  • the radiator of such antennas is generally lvery vulnerable in particular, if shock Waves occur in the ambient medium.
  • An antenna according to the invention consists essentially of a flat structure which can be used with circuits, which are put in the ground. It comprises slot Waveguides, arranged in parallel relationship in one plane, means being provided for varying the phase of the Waves fed thereto.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show two types of radiation patterns used in three-dimensional radars
  • FIG. 3 is a 'top view of one embodiment of the antenna according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 4, 5, 5a and 6y are explanatory figu'res
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of a further antenna according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a side view of the -arrangement of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 1 shows one type of the beam radiated by an antenna for
  • the beam makes with Ox an adjustable angle 0 which depends, for example, on the phase Velocity of the energy in a radiating line.
  • FIG. 2 shows another type of radiation pattern, consisting of five beams stepped vertically in plane zOx.
  • FIG. 3 shows an antenna according to the invention.
  • the resulting radiation lobe is direoted along Oz, i.e. perpendiculafr to the plane yOvc of the plate, 0x being the direction of the Waveguides.
  • waveguide 1 is fed With a phase O
  • waveguide 2 with a phase p waveguide P With phase op, and if:
  • phase-shifts can be obtained, -for example, by means of ferrite phase Shifters D, inserted at the input of each waveguide.
  • the scanning in elevation is thus made possible.
  • the waveguide system is fed through a lens L and a horn C.
  • the horn is excited at the focus of the lens.
  • All the guides are fed in phase and the phase difference between .the individual guides is achieved by means of phase-Shifters. Other means may be used.
  • lens L is excited by three horns: horn F1 is placed at the lens focus and horns F2 and F3 in the focal plane of the lens and are offset with respect to the focus by a distance D.
  • FIG. 5a shows the curve connecting points with the same phase at the lens output when the lens is illuminated by horn F3.
  • FIG. 7 shows one embodiment of the invention comprising no lens.
  • a sectoral horn S is fed by four horns F1, F0, F2 and F3 which supply the four beams stepped in elevation, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • a suitable adjustment of the phase Shifters D provides the desired steps and electr-ically operated phase Shifters E ensure scanning in elevation.
  • FIG. 8 shows, very diagrammatically, a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the invention including a transmitter-receiver ER, which is located in a pit under waveguide G, and supported on a framework which can 'be made to rotate by means of Wheels R on a platform.
  • a transmitter-receiver ER which is located in a pit under waveguide G, and supported on a framework which can 'be made to rotate by means of Wheels R on a platform.
  • This framework is designed to stand substantial pressures, for example up to 1.4 kg. per cm.2 when -a shock Wave occurs. To this end the surface of the waveguides is protected by multi-layer plastic flags which resist heat.
  • the platform is adavntageously made of a refractory, shock absorbing material.
  • An antenna for radiating ultra-short electromagnetic Waves comprising: a plurality of parallel and coplanar wave guides having radiating slots and respective inputs; a lens for electromagnetic Waves facing said inputs, said lens having a focal plane; in said plane a plurality of horns for feeding energy to said inputs with a plurality of respective identical phases; and controllable phase shifting means in said guides at said inputs.
  • An antenna for radiating ultra-short electromagnetic Waves comprising: a plurality of parallel and coplanar wave guides having radiating slots and respective inputs; means for feeding energy to said inputs with the same phase said means comprising at least two sources supplying at least two stepped lobes, a horn coupled between said sources and said wave guides and first controllable phase shifting means in said guides at said inputs for adjusting the radiation pattern; and second controllable phase shifting means for scanning space with said lobes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Description

March 28, 1967 1 .'r1-1oUR1-:L
STEPPED BEAM SLOT ANTENNA ARRAY 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 31. 1964 f, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 75| I 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 llllllllllllllllllllll Illlllllllllllllllllll' fm l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 F165v I FIG.5
FIG.4
United States Patent O 3,311,917 STEPPED BEAM SLOT ANTENNA ARRAY Leo Thourel, Paris, France, assignor to CSF-Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie Sans Fil, a corporation of France Filed July 31, 1964, Ser. No. 386,553 Claims priority, application France, Aug. 6, 1963, 993,822, Patent 1,373,111 2 Claims. (Cl. 343-754) The present invention relates to antennas of the type used in three-dimensional radars. Such antennas are zgenerally capable either of simultaneously radiatin'g a plurality of beams stepped in elevation or of radiating a single beam, or a plurality of beams, for scanning space in elevation.
The radiator of such antennas is generally lvery vulnerable in particular, if shock Waves occur in the ambient medium.
It is an object of the invention to provide an antenna for three-dimensional radars which is free of 1this drawback.
An antenna according to the invention consists essentially of a flat structure which can be used with circuits, which are put in the ground. It comprises slot Waveguides, arranged in parallel relationship in one plane, means being provided for varying the phase of the Waves fed thereto.
The invention Will be better understood from the following description with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show two types of radiation patterns used in three-dimensional radars;
FIG. 3 is a 'top view of one embodiment of the antenna according to the invention;
FIGS. 4, 5, 5a and 6y are explanatory figu'res;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a further antenna according to the invention; and
FIG. 8 is a side view of the -arrangement of FIG. 7.
FIG. 1 shows one type of the beam radiated by an antenna for |three-dimensional radars. This beam is contained in the plane zOx, Oz being the Vertical and x, and Oy the horizontal axes forming a trirectangular trihedral.
The beam makes with Ox an adjustable angle 0 which depends, for example, on the phase Velocity of the energy in a radiating line.
FIG. 2 shows another type of radiation pattern, consisting of five beams stepped vertically in plane zOx.
FIG. 3 shows an antenna according to the invention.
It comprises n parallel and coplanar identical radiating waveguides laterally contacting each other. These Waveguides are provided with slots F, the whole thus forming a rectangular radiating plate.
If the slots are fed in phase, the resulting radiation lobe is direoted along Oz, i.e. perpendiculafr to the plane yOvc of the plate, 0x being the direction of the Waveguides.
But, if waveguide 1 is fed With a phase O, waveguide 2 with a phase p, waveguide P With phase op, and if:
the radiation is directed 'in plane zOy and makes an angle 0 with Oz, 0 being a function of p, as shown in FIG. 4.
These phase-shifts can be obtained, -for example, by means of ferrite phase Shifters D, inserted at the input of each waveguide. The scanning in elevation is thus made possible.
The waveguide system is fed through a lens L and a horn C. The horn is excited at the focus of the lens.
ICC
All the guides are fed in phase and the phase difference between .the individual guides is achieved by means of phase-Shifters. Other means may be used.
In FIG. 5, which shows another embodiment of the invention, lens L is excited by three horns: horn F1 is placed at the lens focus and horns F2 and F3 in the focal plane of the lens and are offset with respect to the focus by a distance D.
FIG. 5a shows the curve connecting points with the same phase at the lens output when the lens is illuminated by horn F3.
If the three horns are excited simultaneously, there will be a system of three beams, one for each horn, in plane zOy.
FIG. 7 shows one embodiment of the invention comprising no lens.
A sectoral horn S is fed by four horns F1, F0, F2 and F3 which supply the four beams stepped in elevation, as shown in FIG. 6. A suitable adjustment of the phase Shifters D provides the desired steps and electr-ically operated phase Shifters E ensure scanning in elevation.
-FIG. 8 shows, very diagrammatically, a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the invention including a transmitter-receiver ER, which is located in a pit under waveguide G, and supported on a framework which can 'be made to rotate by means of Wheels R on a platform.
This framework is designed to stand substantial pressures, for example up to 1.4 kg. per cm.2 when -a shock Wave occurs. To this end the surface of the waveguides is protected by multi-layer plastic flags which resist heat. The platform is adavntageously made of a refractory, shock absorbing material.
Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments desoribed and shown which were given solely by way of example.
What is claimed is:
1. An antenna for radiating ultra-short electromagnetic Waves comprising: a plurality of parallel and coplanar wave guides having radiating slots and respective inputs; a lens for electromagnetic Waves facing said inputs, said lens having a focal plane; in said plane a plurality of horns for feeding energy to said inputs with a plurality of respective identical phases; and controllable phase shifting means in said guides at said inputs.
2. An antenna for radiating ultra-short electromagnetic Waves comprising: a plurality of parallel and coplanar wave guides having radiating slots and respective inputs; means for feeding energy to said inputs with the same phase said means comprising at least two sources supplying at least two stepped lobes, a horn coupled between said sources and said wave guides and first controllable phase shifting means in said guides at said inputs for adjusting the radiation pattern; and second controllable phase shifting means for scanning space with said lobes.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,020,549 2/1962 Keles et al. 343-853 X 3,041,605 6/1962 Goodwin et al. 343-854 X 3,213,454 10/1965 Ringenbaoh 343-771 X FOREIGN PATENTS 882,430 7/ 1953 Germany.
ELI LIEBERMAN, Primary Examiner.
HERMAN KARL SAALBACH, Examiner.
R. F. HUNT, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. AN ANTENNA FOR RADIATING ULTRA-SHORT ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES COMPRISING: A PLURALITY OF PARALLEL AND COPLANAR WAVE GUIDES HAVING RADIATING SLOTS AND RESPECTIVE INPUTS; A LENS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES FACING SAID INPUTS, SAID LENS HAVING A FOCAL PLANE; IN SAID PLANE A PLURALITY OF
US386553A 1963-08-06 1964-07-31 Stepped beam slot antenna array Expired - Lifetime US3311917A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR943877A FR1373111A (en) 1963-08-06 1963-08-06 Antenna for three-dimensional radar

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US3311917A true US3311917A (en) 1967-03-28

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DE (1) DE1441640A1 (en)
FR (1) FR1373111A (en)
GB (1) GB1074113A (en)
NL (1) NL6408914A (en)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3528072A (en) * 1967-02-16 1970-09-08 Emi Ltd Aerial systems having plural lenses,selectable for delay correction
US3568208A (en) * 1968-10-22 1971-03-02 Raytheon Co Varying propagation constant waveguide
US3673606A (en) * 1969-08-26 1972-06-27 Hazeltine Corp Flush mounted steerable array antenna
DE2941563A1 (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-04-24 Sperry Rand Corp SEMICONDUCTOR ARRANGEMENT
EP0102686A2 (en) * 1982-05-31 1984-03-14 Fujitsu Limited Device for distributing and/or combining microwave electric power
US4588962A (en) * 1982-05-31 1986-05-13 Fujitsu Limited Device for distributing and combining microwave electric power
US4885592A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-12-05 Kofol J Stephen Electronically steerable antenna
US5173714A (en) * 1989-05-16 1992-12-22 Arimura Giken Kabushiki Kaisha Slot array antenna
US5177496A (en) * 1989-04-28 1993-01-05 Arimura Giken Kabushiki Kaisha Flat slot array antenna for te mode wave
US5239311A (en) * 1989-04-28 1993-08-24 Arimura Giken Kabushiki Kaisha Flat slot array antenna
US5357260A (en) * 1990-07-10 1994-10-18 Antonine Roederer Antenna scanned by frequency variation
CN112864598A (en) * 2021-01-12 2021-05-28 北京邮电大学 Circularly polarized antenna suitable for millimeter wave communication and communication equipment

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8613322D0 (en) * 1986-06-02 1986-07-09 British Broadcasting Corp Array antenna & element

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE882430C (en) * 1951-10-02 1953-07-09 Siemens Ag Antenna for very short electric waves
US3020549A (en) * 1959-08-20 1962-02-06 Morris L Kales Matched antenna array
US3041605A (en) * 1958-11-28 1962-06-26 Hughes Aircraft Co Electronically scanned antenna system
US3213454A (en) * 1960-03-21 1965-10-19 Litton Ind Of Maryland Frequency scanned antenna array

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE882430C (en) * 1951-10-02 1953-07-09 Siemens Ag Antenna for very short electric waves
US3041605A (en) * 1958-11-28 1962-06-26 Hughes Aircraft Co Electronically scanned antenna system
US3020549A (en) * 1959-08-20 1962-02-06 Morris L Kales Matched antenna array
US3213454A (en) * 1960-03-21 1965-10-19 Litton Ind Of Maryland Frequency scanned antenna array

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3528072A (en) * 1967-02-16 1970-09-08 Emi Ltd Aerial systems having plural lenses,selectable for delay correction
US3568208A (en) * 1968-10-22 1971-03-02 Raytheon Co Varying propagation constant waveguide
US3673606A (en) * 1969-08-26 1972-06-27 Hazeltine Corp Flush mounted steerable array antenna
DE2941563A1 (en) * 1978-10-13 1980-04-24 Sperry Rand Corp SEMICONDUCTOR ARRANGEMENT
US4588962A (en) * 1982-05-31 1986-05-13 Fujitsu Limited Device for distributing and combining microwave electric power
EP0102686A3 (en) * 1982-05-31 1985-08-07 Fujitsu Limited Device for distributing and/or combining microwave electric power
EP0102686A2 (en) * 1982-05-31 1984-03-14 Fujitsu Limited Device for distributing and/or combining microwave electric power
US4885592A (en) * 1987-12-28 1989-12-05 Kofol J Stephen Electronically steerable antenna
US5177496A (en) * 1989-04-28 1993-01-05 Arimura Giken Kabushiki Kaisha Flat slot array antenna for te mode wave
US5239311A (en) * 1989-04-28 1993-08-24 Arimura Giken Kabushiki Kaisha Flat slot array antenna
US5173714A (en) * 1989-05-16 1992-12-22 Arimura Giken Kabushiki Kaisha Slot array antenna
US5357260A (en) * 1990-07-10 1994-10-18 Antonine Roederer Antenna scanned by frequency variation
CN112864598A (en) * 2021-01-12 2021-05-28 北京邮电大学 Circularly polarized antenna suitable for millimeter wave communication and communication equipment
CN112864598B (en) * 2021-01-12 2022-04-01 北京邮电大学 Circularly polarized antenna suitable for millimeter wave communication and communication equipment

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Publication number Publication date
NL6408914A (en) 1965-02-08
FR1373111A (en) 1964-09-25
GB1074113A (en) 1967-06-28
DE1441640A1 (en) 1969-10-02

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