US2920980A - Finishing fabrics - Google Patents

Finishing fabrics Download PDF

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Publication number
US2920980A
US2920980A US574496A US57449656A US2920980A US 2920980 A US2920980 A US 2920980A US 574496 A US574496 A US 574496A US 57449656 A US57449656 A US 57449656A US 2920980 A US2920980 A US 2920980A
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Prior art keywords
fabric
fabrics
glycol
temperature
pills
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Expired - Lifetime
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US574496A
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English (en)
Inventor
David D Mooberry
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Priority to BE556217D priority Critical patent/BE556217A/xx
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US574496A priority patent/US2920980A/en
Priority to FR1173374D priority patent/FR1173374A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2920980A publication Critical patent/US2920980A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/53—Polyethers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S260/00—Chemistry of carbon compounds
    • Y10S260/15—Antistatic agents not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process of finishing synthetic fabrics and more particularly to a process of rcducing the pilling tendency of fabrics containing polyester bers. It has been observed for some time that fabrics made from certain synthetic bers have a tendency to form small fuzz balls on the surface which are known in the trade as -pills. It has also been observed that this undesirable property is found to a greater extent on fabrics woven from synthetic fibers which have high strength and abrasion resistance.
  • polyether glycol compounds are polyether glycols, their esters, or ethers and mixtures thereof having the formula in which R1, R2, and R3 are the same or different lower alkylene units such as methylene, ethylene, propylene and so forth up to about 5 carbon atoms.
  • R1, R2, and R3 are the same or different lower alkylene units such as methylene, ethylene, propylene and so forth up to about 5 carbon atoms.
  • A stands for hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or an acyl group
  • B is OH, alkyl ether, aryl'ether or an alkyl or aryl ester radical.
  • Y has a value to produce a molecular weight of the alkylene oxide component of at least about 300.
  • the liquidv is applied to the fabric by impregnation, padding or spraying.
  • excess liquid is usually removed by squeeze rolls, extraction or other conventional means, and the fabric dried.
  • the surface only is heated (i.e., either one or both surfaces) rapidly to a temperature of -at least 200 C., but below the fusion temperature of the surface fibers.
  • the heat treatment should be such that the surface bers are heated, and the source of heat, or the fabric, removed before the temperature of theA entire fabric is raised to the temperature of its surface.
  • the back of the fabric may be cooled if necessary while the surface is being heated.
  • the fabric In order to preserve the good aesthetic and other properties of the polyester fabrics, it has been found that independent of the fabric composition or construction, the fabric must not undergo an absolute percent weight loss in the adoptedabrasion test of more than 5 percentage units greater than the absolute percent weight loss of the untreated control fabric when subjected to the same abrasion test; i.e., the differential weight loss between treated and untreated fabric must not be more than about 5%.
  • the abrasion resistance of the fabrics is measured in terms of fabric weight loss in the abrasion test described on page 3 of the A.A.T.C.C. Bulletin entitled, The A.A.T.C.C. Accelerotor, July 1953, using a 41/2" square sample and a 4% propeller blade driven at 1800 r.p.m. with a 400 E. grit closed coat Durite abrasive paper (Behr-Manning Co.) as the abrasive liner for a five-minute testing period.
  • the efliciency of the process in reducing pilling is determined by number of pills formed per 35 in.2 of surface fabric as determined in accordance with ASTM D-1375- 55T, Test for Pilling Propensity of Textile Fabrics- Part C-Brush and Sponge Method.
  • the value of Y in the formula is such as to yield a molecular weight of at least about 300.
  • ⁇ There is no known maximum ⁇ limitation for the molecular weight although the lower range, particularly that of from 400 to 600, is preferred since compounds in this range are more rapidly soluble as well as being more available and economical.
  • the critical nature of the minimum molecular weight of the polyether glycol is shown in Table I below, wherein one particular polyester fabric is treated under optimum conditions in accordance with this invention while varying only the The polyether glycol may be etheried or esteried without affecting the pill reducing tendency of the treatment so long as the average molecular weight of the alkylene oxide unit is maintained above about 300.
  • the glycol treatment may involve the use of a single glycol or derivative thereof, or more practically, it will involve the use of mixtures of glycols which are commercially available and, therefore, much less expensive for large-scale use.
  • Specic examples of the polyether glycols and their derivatives which may be used in accordance with this invention include polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, polymethylene glycol 400, polypropylene glycol 600, polyethylene glycol 400 monolaurate, polyethylene glycol 400 monostearate, polypropylene glycol 400, polytetramethylene glycol 600, polyethylene glycol 600 monolaurate, polyethylene glycol 1000 monolaurate, polyethylene glycol 1500 monoiaurate, polyethylene glycol 400 monooleate, polyethylene glycol 600 mono-I stearate, polyethylene glycol 600 monopalmitate, monomethoxy polyethylene glycol550, dibutyl ether of polyethylene glycol 400trimethylnonyl ether of polyethylene glycol 400, vmethylphenyl ether of
  • the liquid treating medium which is applied to the polyester fabric may be composed wholly of the polyether glycol or more practically, the glycol or derivative thereof will be dissolved in a miscible solvent such as water, alcohol, acetone and the like.
  • a miscible solvent such as water, alcohol, acetone and the like.
  • the use of solutions of the glycol is more economical when carried out on a commercial scale and involves the use of less glycol and, therefore, less loss or recovery of glycol is involved.
  • the liquid medium contains any diluent for the glycol, the medium must be applied to the fabric with a minimum concentration of of the glycol based on the total, weight of the liquid medium in order to achieve a satis-- factory reduction of the pilling count in the resulting fabrics.
  • the preferred operating concentration for the padding bath is an aqueous medium containing 20%40% by weight of polyether glycol.
  • Fillable fabrics may be treated by the process of this invention (i.e., glycol treatment followed by heat treatment), either with or without benefit of an additional modifying agent.
  • Typical modifying agents which may be employed in the liquid medium, together with glycols,
  • ester exchange catalysts such as the metallic salts or oxides of calcium, magnesium, lead, tin and zinc (e.g., zmc nitrate, zinc acetate, magnesium oxide, and the like).
  • the heat-treating step is likewise critical for achieving the objects of this invention.
  • the use of too high a temperature of heat treatment will cause fusion ofthe surface fibers which in turn destroys the aesthetic properties of the fabric, as welly k as causing too great a drop in abrasion resistance and other strength properties of the fabric.
  • the maximum temperature will be governed by the melting point or degradation of the particular fibers used, which, of course, will change somewhat with the composition of any copolyesters making up the fabric, as well as the nature of other fiber components when used in a blend with polyester fibers.
  • the minimum temperature necessary to achieve a satisfactory reduction in pilling propensity in this process has been found to be about 200".
  • the time/temperature relationship of the heat treatment must be-carefully controlled so that the fabric properties dofnot suffer impairment.
  • the heat treating step will be carried out on the impregnated fabric so that the surface of the fabric will be raised'.
  • a satisfactory criterion for determining the best time/ temperature relationship is to measure the abrasion resistance of a sample of fabric, both untreated and treated by the process of this invention. Since the absolute weight loss during abrasion testing is dependent on fabric constructionand composition, the best criterion for the effect of the instant process on the fabric is that the absolute percent-weight loss of the treated fabric by the standard abrasion test specified should not be more than 5 percentage units greater than the absolute percent weight loss of the untreated control fabric subjected to the same abrasion test.
  • a guide for selection of optimum temperatures for use in this invention 4 will be found in the drawing in which the single figure is a graph in which the number of pills per 35 in.2 section is plotted against temperature of the surface of the fabric treated.
  • the curves show the pills formed at various temperatures when a polyethylene terephthalate fabric is treated (I) with 20%-5 0% polyethylene glycol (av. M.W. 600) in aqueous solution, (II) with 5% to 10% of the same glycol in aqueous solutionand (III) with no treating agent.
  • the dotted lines represent portions on the curves ⁇ Where the fabric fused or had deteriorated to an extent that its feel or handle was considered unsatisfactory commercially.
  • the solid lines represent conditions-which result in little or no impairment in the handle or jfeel of the fabric.
  • the curves represent data obtained from one particular type of fabric. Curves for other types have the same general shape but do not necessanly coincide with-those shown.
  • the particular manner by which the heat is applied to the surface of the impregnated fabric is also a critical part of the heat-treating step. It has been found that merely heating the fabric in an ordinary air oven is not a satisfactory method of achieving the objects of this invention, chiefly because it does not raise the temperature of the surface fibers to 200 C. rapidly enough. Using this method by the time the surface fibers reach the critical temperature of this invention, the fibers through the body of the fabric have become degraded and the abrasion resistance and strength of the whole fabric is severely impaired.
  • Any means for heating the surface of the fabric only may be used and a large variety o-f suitable apparatus is availablefin the trade for rapidly raising the temperature of the surface fibers to 200 C., such as, for example, a preheated ordinary hand iron, a standard series of National hot rolls, and an Andrews-Goodrich oven or a Morrison oven, both of which contain rolls within an oven which is preheated to the desired temperature. All of this apparatus involves direct contact between a heated surface and the surface of the fabric, which is the preferred manner of carrying out the heating step in this invention. Normally, with such contact heating equipment, the fabric will be kept taut so that the surface of the fabric conforms accurately to the contour of the heated surface, although this is ⁇ not a critical limitation in the process.
  • the increased pilling resistance resulting from the instant process is developed selectively only on the surface of the fabric in contact with the heated surface; i.e., the side of the fabric in contact with thek hot roll, when a hot roll is employed as the heating 5.
  • means. n'y othei' apparatus or. methodfor rapidly achieving the minimum temperature selectively at the surface of the fabric may be used such as radiant heat, and the like. In such instances when the heating means does not contact the surface of the fabric, the increased pilling resistance will be developed selectively on the side, or sides, of the fabric facing the source of heat.
  • the woven and knitted fabrics which may be advantageously treated in accordance with this invention include those composed of 100% linear condensation polyester fibers, as well as those constructed of blends of other fibers or yarns containing some polyester fiber, the preferred one being polyethylene terephthalate.
  • Other fabrics which may be treated to reduce the pill count may contain other polyester fibers such as those made from ethylene glycol and bibenzoc acid, ethylene glycol and hexahydroterephthalic acid, trimethylene glycol andk terephthalic acid, or tetramethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, as well as fabrics containing copolyester fibers such as those made from tetramethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, or those from dimethyl terephthalate, dimethyl sebacate and ethylene glycol, or similar copolyesters.
  • the fabric may also be blends of polyester fibers with wool, cotton and other natural fibers and/ or rayon, nylon, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, and other synthetic bers. It is obvious one wouldnot employ blend fibers which will not withstand the heat treating temperatures of this invention.
  • the two-step treating process of the invention is applied to fabrics before they are dyed, although in some instances, the glycol or derivative may be applied in the dye bath (e.g., when dyeing in accordance with the procedure described by Gibson in U.S. 2,663,- 612), or the two-step treatment may be applied after dyeing and after or during conventional finishing if the dyes and finishes used are stable to the final heat-treating step.
  • the treating agent in the examples may be replaced by a like amount of any compound falling within the formula given above.
  • the fabric was then heat treated on a National hot roll machine under tension at 220 C. and an exposure time of about seconds, each face 0f the fabric receiving about 12.5 seconds exposure.
  • the fabric was then scoured and dried.
  • the fabric, before treatment showed 435 pills/ 35 in.2 as measured by the ASTM pilling test, while the fabric, after treatment, showed 72 pills/ 35 in.2.
  • the untreated control fabric after dyeing and conventional finishing showed 315 pills/35 in?, whereas the treated fabric after the same nal dyeing and finishing steps showed 10 pills/35 in?.
  • Another sample of the same fabric was paddedl with an aqueous solution containing 40% by weight of polyethylene glycol 600, and 1% by weight zinc nitrate.
  • the fabric was dried in a hot-air pin tenter for 1.5 minutes at 121 C., and was then heat treated on a National hot roll machine at 220 C., as described above.
  • the fabric after treatment showed 2.5 pills/35 in?, and a weight loss of 2.65% in the standard abrasion test compared with a weight loss of 2.61% for the untreated fabric, showing the properties of the fabric had not been degraded by -the finishing treatment.
  • Example Il A 3 x 2 twill, sheen gabardine fabric composed of 65% polyethylene terephthalate staple and 35 by weight rayon staple was padded and dried in the same manner as the fabric of Example I Vusingthe same polyethylene glycol and catalyst. hot roll machine for 25 seconds at 220 C. then scoured and dried.
  • the untreated fabric showed 325 pills/35 in.2 and a weight loss in the abrasion test of 6.5%, whereas, the treated fabric showed only 7 pills/ 35 in.2 and a weight loss of 7.8%.
  • Example III A 2 x 1 twill gabardine composed of 55% polyethylene terephthalate staple fiberY and 45% rayon staple was treated in the same manner as the fabric of Example II.
  • the untreated fabric developed 710 pills/35 in.2 and the treated fabric only 20 pills/ 35 in?.V When subjected t0 heat alone at 220 C. the fabric developed 180 pills/35 in.2 section.
  • Example IV A ⁇ 3 x 2 twill sheen gabardine composed of 55% polyethylene terephthalate staple fiber and 45% wool was treated as in Example II.
  • the untreated fabric showed 684 pills/ 35 in.2 and the treated fabric only 35 pills/35 in?.
  • Example V Two samples of batiste shitting fabric were woven from 65% polyethylene terephthalate staple yarn and 35% cotton. The fabric was padded with two aqueous solutions. The first sample was padded as in Example II with an aqueous solution of 40% by weight polyethylene glycol 600 and 1% by Weight zinc nitrate catalyst. The second sample was padded the same way with the same glycol solution but in the absence of the catalyst. The two fabrics were heated on the National hot roll machine for 25 seconds at 220 C., ⁇ then scoured and dried.
  • the untreated fabric showed 175 pills/35 in?, and a weight loss in the abrasion test of 3.9%, the fabric sample padded with glycol alone showed 20 pills/35 in.2, and the sample padded with glycol and zinc nitrate catalyst showed 0 pill/ 35 in.2 and a weight loss of 6.8%.
  • Example VI An oxford shifting fabric composed of 65 polyethylene terephthalate staple fiber4 and 35 cotton was padded with an aqueous solution containing 5%r by weight of polyethylene glycol 600. The treated fabric was then heatedon a National hot roll machine for 25 seconds,
  • Example VIII The 2 x 2 twill gabardine fabric, described in Example Vl, was padded with an aqueous solution containing 40% by weight polyethylene glycol 600 and 1% by weight zinc nitrate. ⁇ Samples of the fabric were heat treated in a hot-air oven for various times. Table II below illustrates the pilling data and abrasion resistance of these fabrics, acceptable pill protection being afforded only at the expense of degraded fabrics.
  • Example IX Three samples-of an oxford fabric having a pill count ofV 100/ 35 in.2 and having the same composition as the fabric of Example VII were padded with an aqueous solution containing 20% by weight of polyethylene glycol 600. The surface of each treated fabric was Ithen ironed using a hand iron preheated to a different temperature. The sample, the surface of which was heated to 200 C., showed 25 pills/35 in?, the sample heated to 210 C. showed l5 pills/ 35 in?, and the sample heated to 220 C. showed ⁇ 0 pill/ 35 in?.
  • the chief advantage of this invention is based on the fact that the polyester fabrics which normally have a high tendency to form pills can be given a simple and commercially cheap two-step finishing treatment which greatly lowers' or leliminates the pilling and fuzzing tendency without significant impairment of other fabric properties such as strength, abrasion resistance, liveliness, crease recovery, wrinkle resistance, and thelike.
  • the lfinishing process also improves the static resistance of the fabric, as well as improving the resistance of the fabric to soiling by liquid oils. It also permits the fabric to be dyed much faster than a control fabric, andthe dyeings on these specially finished polyester fabrics are deeper and they exhaust better.
  • The'finishing treatment is most advantageously applied to wearing apparel fabrics having almost any type of construction, because it is in these fabrics that the necessity for retaining the aesthetic properties and the undesirability of pill formation is most commonly apparent.
  • the treatment may also be applied to industrial and other types of fabrics where there isa need for pill reduction, such as papermakers felts, filter fabrics, roll covers and the like.
  • polyether glycol is a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of ⁇ about 600.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US574496A 1956-03-28 1956-03-28 Finishing fabrics Expired - Lifetime US2920980A (en)

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BE556217D BE556217A (en, 2012) 1956-03-28
US574496A US2920980A (en) 1956-03-28 1956-03-28 Finishing fabrics
FR1173374D FR1173374A (fr) 1956-03-28 1957-03-27 Procédé pour le finissage des étoffes synthétiques

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990604A (en) * 1956-07-18 1961-07-04 Ici Ltd Process of thermally treating and lubricating polyethylene terephthalate filaments and yarns
US3354138A (en) * 1963-11-22 1967-11-21 Phillips Petroleum Co Production of antistatic polymers
US3387996A (en) * 1964-08-19 1968-06-11 Du Pont Preparation of polyester yarns having improved heat characteristics
US3776766A (en) * 1970-11-18 1973-12-04 Hoechst Ag Process for improving the processing properties of polyester filaments and fibres
US4073993A (en) * 1975-03-20 1978-02-14 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Hydrophilic finishing process for hydrophobic fibers
US4118326A (en) * 1974-11-07 1978-10-03 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Spin-finish lubricating method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH491241A (de) * 1968-04-25 1970-02-13 Cassella Farbwerke Mainkur Ag Verfahren zur Verminderung der Anschmutzbarkeit und Verbesserung der Schmutzentfernbarkeit von textilen Materialien

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2357526A (en) * 1940-10-03 1944-09-05 American Cyanamid Co Finishing textiles with alkyd resin emulsions
US2645584A (en) * 1950-02-06 1953-07-14 Sr James G Wiegerink Ironing aid and textile refinishing composition
US2663989A (en) * 1949-03-19 1953-12-29 Schlatter Carl Coated articles and textiles and emulsions for producing them
US2676115A (en) * 1950-12-22 1954-04-20 Chicopee Mfg Corp Application of antistatic materials to dielectrics
US2730481A (en) * 1952-10-29 1956-01-10 Celastic Corp Polymerization by dielectric heating using inorganic salts as heating assistants
US2747981A (en) * 1951-06-05 1956-05-29 Divine Brothers Company Production of wear-resistnat cloth and buffing wheel made of the same
US2767107A (en) * 1954-06-29 1956-10-16 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Antistatic treatment of hydrophobic resin articles

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2357526A (en) * 1940-10-03 1944-09-05 American Cyanamid Co Finishing textiles with alkyd resin emulsions
US2663989A (en) * 1949-03-19 1953-12-29 Schlatter Carl Coated articles and textiles and emulsions for producing them
US2645584A (en) * 1950-02-06 1953-07-14 Sr James G Wiegerink Ironing aid and textile refinishing composition
US2676115A (en) * 1950-12-22 1954-04-20 Chicopee Mfg Corp Application of antistatic materials to dielectrics
US2747981A (en) * 1951-06-05 1956-05-29 Divine Brothers Company Production of wear-resistnat cloth and buffing wheel made of the same
US2730481A (en) * 1952-10-29 1956-01-10 Celastic Corp Polymerization by dielectric heating using inorganic salts as heating assistants
US2767107A (en) * 1954-06-29 1956-10-16 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Antistatic treatment of hydrophobic resin articles

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990604A (en) * 1956-07-18 1961-07-04 Ici Ltd Process of thermally treating and lubricating polyethylene terephthalate filaments and yarns
US3354138A (en) * 1963-11-22 1967-11-21 Phillips Petroleum Co Production of antistatic polymers
US3387996A (en) * 1964-08-19 1968-06-11 Du Pont Preparation of polyester yarns having improved heat characteristics
US3776766A (en) * 1970-11-18 1973-12-04 Hoechst Ag Process for improving the processing properties of polyester filaments and fibres
US4118326A (en) * 1974-11-07 1978-10-03 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Spin-finish lubricating method
US4073993A (en) * 1975-03-20 1978-02-14 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Hydrophilic finishing process for hydrophobic fibers

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FR1173374A (fr) 1959-02-24
BE556217A (en, 2012)

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