US2919647A - Ammunition - Google Patents

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Publication number
US2919647A
US2919647A US357391A US35739153A US2919647A US 2919647 A US2919647 A US 2919647A US 357391 A US357391 A US 357391A US 35739153 A US35739153 A US 35739153A US 2919647 A US2919647 A US 2919647A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
shot
case
shell
aluminum
metallic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US357391A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John C Dear
Robert G Owens
Ronald A Gulley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Olin Corp
Original Assignee
Olin Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Olin Corp filed Critical Olin Corp
Priority to US357391A priority Critical patent/US2919647A/en
Priority to GB12772/54A priority patent/GB757645A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2919647A publication Critical patent/US2919647A/en
Priority to BE591714A priority patent/BE591714Q/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/28—Cartridge cases of metal, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of metal
    • F42B5/295—Cartridge cases of metal, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of metal coated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/04—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile of pellet type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S102/00—Ammunition and explosives
    • Y10S102/704—Coolants

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to ammunition and more particularly to a novel shot shell having improved ballistic characteristics.
  • shot shell cases were extensively made of brass but, in order to compensate for the cost thereof, most consumers were forced to reload the case as many times as the case would permit.
  • manufacture of the brass shell case was almost entirely discontinued in favor of the newer development.
  • the paper shot shell case has been found eminently suitable for most purposes but it has been found that it does not always function properly after exposure to humid weather conditions or when it is fired at temperatures of 32 F. or lower.
  • a shot shell having an aluminum case separated from the metallic shot contained therein by a layer of a non-metallic material lt has been found that a shot shell having an aluminum case containing a powder suitable for paper shells can be loaded to the required shot velocity without hazardous pressures being developed when the shell is fired provided contact between the inner wall of the shell case and the metallic shot is prevented by an intervening layer of a non-metallic material.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic partial sectional view ,of an embodiment of the invention showing a shot shell with a coating applied to the inner wall of the shell case;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic partial sectional view of another embodiment of the invention showing an aluminum shot shell with a coating applied to the shot pellets.
  • this invention contemplates a shot shell provided with an aluminum shell case 1 having a hollow 2 defined by said walls 3.
  • the hollow 2 contains shot pellets 4, and an over powder wad 5 separating the shot pellets 4 from a powder charge 6.
  • the shot pellets 4 are held in the hollow 2 by a top wad 7. Any suitable primer may be provided for igniting the powder 6.
  • the aluminum shot shell is provided with a substantially continuous and adherent non-metallic coating 8 on the surface of either the shot 4, as illustrated in Figure 2, or the inner wall 3 of the shot shell case 1, as illustrated in Figure 1, or both.
  • non-metallic material which can be applied to either the shot 4 or the inner wall 3 of the shell case l in the form of a substantially continuous film 8 and which will not otherwise interfere with the performance of the shot shell can be utilized.
  • non-metallic films of natural occurring resins such as ester gum and the like, films of synthetic resins such as ethyl cellulose, phenol formaldehyde, polystyrene, polyesters, epoxy and the like, films of a lacquer such as a nitrocellulose lacquer and films of a wax such as paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, carnauba wax, ceresin wax and the like have been found admirably suited for the purpose.
  • the resins and waxes can usually best be applied in the form of a solution thereof by dipping, spraying, or other conventional coating process.
  • the melting points of the coating should be above about 120 F.
  • the shot and inner wall of the case are separated by a layer of aluminum oxide adhering to the inner wall of the case.
  • Coatings of other aluminum compounds such as aluminum fluoride, for example, are also suitable for the purpose. Only that portion of the inner wall 3 of the aluminum shot shell case 1 adjacent the shot 4 charge need be coated but no special precautions need be taken to prevent the entire inner wall from becoming coated.
  • the thickness of coating 8 required is not necessarily critical although it must be substantially continuous and it must be of such thickness and strength that it can withstand any abrasion thereof caused by the various other components of a shot shell as they are inserted therein during loading.
  • the aluminum oxide coating on the inner wall 3 of the case 1 can be applied by conventional chemical methods but is preferably applied by an anodic treatment and must exceed the thickness of the oxide coating produced by oxidation of aluminum in the air. Best results have been obtained with an anodically produced oxide coating of from about 10 microns to about 20 microns thickness on the inner wall of the case.
  • the thickness of the other non-metallic adherent films on the inner wall of the shot shell case or on the shot should preferably be Within this range.
  • Conventional lead shot 4 is placed in an oblique tumbling barrel such as is conventionally used for cleaning shot and a solution of about 10 parts Socony Vacuum #2300 microcrystalline Wax marketed-by the Socony Vacuum Oil Co. of New York and about parts can brass shell case.
  • bon tetrachloride is sprayed on the shot.
  • the solution is applied to the shot by spraying a small amount thereon and then tumbling the shot a while to permit the solvent to evaporate after which more solution is added, the intermittent spraying and tumbling process being continued until a wax film of about to 20 microns thickness substantially completely covers the shot. After solvent removal by tumbling to facilitate evaporation thereof, the shot is ready to load in the aluminum shot shells.
  • an aluminum shot shell case 1 is immersed about 30 seconds in a solution of from about four to about five ounces sodium hydroxide per gallon of water maintained at a temperature of about 180 F. After rinsing in water to substantially completely remove any sodium hydroxide solution clinging thereto, the shell case is anodized about 30 minutes in a percent sulfuric acid-water solution at a current density of 12 to 15 amperes per square foot. The temperature of the solution during the anodizing treatment is maintained within the range of about 68 F. to about 74 F. Conventional anodizing equipment is used, although an anode is placed within the cartridge case to insure the formation of a coating of at least about .001 inch thick on the inner wall 3 of the case 1.
  • the shell case After rinsing in water to remove the sulfuric acid solution, the shell case is immersed about 30 minutes in a solution of about one-half ounce nickel acetate per gallon of water at a temperature of about 200 F. The shell case is then rinsed'to remove the nickel acetate solution therefrom and is air dried.
  • the pressures exerted by the shot 4- radially against the shell case wall 3 increases the resistance of the shot charge against forward motion and that this resistance is responsible for the high pressures obtained when an aluminum shot shell not having the barrier provided by this invention is fired.
  • the non-metallic coating is believed to reduce the friction between the shot and the shell case wall making it possible to propel the shot at the desired velocity with the development of less pressure.
  • the projectile In a rifle cartridge, the projectile is a single body and does not exert a great radial pressure against the cartridge case. Tests have consistently shown a distinct improvement'in shot shells of all gauges provided by this invention over shot shells having an aluminum case not separated from the shot by a nonmetallic coating.
  • the aluminum shot shell provided by this invention will function properly in inclement weather and it has been found that the case can be manufactured at a cost which will not require the consumer to reload the case.
  • the price per pound of aluminum at the-present time is substantially equal to that of brass
  • the "finished shot shell case costs only about one-third the cost of a This lower cost is primarily due tothe lighter weight 'of the aluminum but is also partially due It has been theorized, however, that the nonto the fact that aluminum shot shell cases can be more easily formed by extrusion processes than can shell cases be formed from brass.
  • the shot patterns obtained with the aluminum shot shell provided by this invention are substantially equal to those of the paper shot shells because neither the non-metallic coating on the shot or the case interferes with the proper shot dispersion during the flight of the shot.
  • a shot shell comprising an aluminum case having a hollow defined by an inner surface of said case and containing a powder charge and a plurality of metallic shot pellets each having an exterior surface and exerting a radial pressure against the surface of the hollow during firing, and means to reduce the pressure developed by the powder charge during firing, said means comprising a non-metallic coating on one of said surfaces and separa'ting said aluminum case and said shot pellets.
  • a shot shell comprising an aluminum case having a hollow defined by an inner surface of said case and containing a powder charge and a plurality of metallic shot pellets each having an exterior surface and exerting a radial pressure against the surface of the hollow during firing, and means to reduce the pressure developed by the powder charge during firing, said means comprising a non-metallic coating greater than about 10 microns thickness on one of said surfaces and separating said aluminum case and said shot pellets thereby preventing seizure between the metallic shot pellets and the aluminum shot she'll case.
  • a shot shell comprising an aluminum case having a hollow defined by an inner wall in said case and containing a powder charge and a plurality of metallic shot pellets exerting a radial pressure against the wall of the hollow during firing, and means to reduce the pressure developed by said powder charge during firing, said means comprising a non-metallic coating greater than about 10 microns thickness on said wall of the hollow of said aluminum case and separating said wall and said shot pellets thereby preventing seizure between the metallic shot pellets and the aluminum shot shell case.
  • a shot shell comprising an aluminum case having a hollow defined by an inner wall in said-case and containing a powder charge and a plurality of metallic shot pellets exerting a radial pressure against the wall of the hollow during firing, and means to reduce the pressure developed by the powder charge during firing, said means comprising a non-metallic coating greater than about 10 microns thickness on said metallic shot pellets thereby separating said wall of thehollow in said aluminum case and said shot pellets and preventing seizure between the metallic shot pellets and the aluminum shot shell case.
  • a shot shell having an aluminum case and metallic shot pellets and displaying substantially the same characteristics as a conventional paper shot shell of the same gauge and load of shot pellets when provided with the same powder charge as in said paper shot shell, said shot she'll comprising an aluminum case having a hollow delined by an inner surface of said case, a plurality of metallic shot pellets within the hollow exerting aradial pressure against said inner surface during firing, each of said shot pellets having an exterior surface, means to adjust the pressure developed by the powder charge-and the velocity of the shot pellets to that commensurate with said paper shot shell, said means comprising a non-metallic coating greater than about 10 microns thickness on one of said surfaces and separating said aluminum .case

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US357391A 1953-05-25 1953-05-25 Ammunition Expired - Lifetime US2919647A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US357391A US2919647A (en) 1953-05-25 1953-05-25 Ammunition
GB12772/54A GB757645A (en) 1953-05-25 1954-05-03 Improvements in or relating to ammunition cartridges
BE591714A BE591714Q (fr) 1953-05-25 1960-06-09 Munitions

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US357391A US2919647A (en) 1953-05-25 1953-05-25 Ammunition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2919647A true US2919647A (en) 1960-01-05

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ID=23405385

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US357391A Expired - Lifetime US2919647A (en) 1953-05-25 1953-05-25 Ammunition

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2919647A (fr)
BE (1) BE591714Q (fr)
GB (1) GB757645A (fr)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3048105A (en) * 1957-09-03 1962-08-07 Press & Stanzwerk A G Aluminum alloy cartridge case
US3120188A (en) * 1960-08-24 1964-02-04 Dynamit Nobel Ag Lead shotgun pellets
US3148620A (en) * 1959-08-14 1964-09-15 Wegematic Corp Wear reduction additives
US3261292A (en) * 1964-09-01 1966-07-19 Serge A Loukomsky Shot shell with shot having differential lubrication
US3267035A (en) * 1964-05-22 1966-08-16 Continental Oil Co Composition for and method of lubricating bullets and shot
US3363561A (en) * 1966-01-28 1968-01-16 Dow Chemical Co Plastic coated shotgun pellets
US3397636A (en) * 1967-03-22 1968-08-20 Wegematic Corp Wear reduction additives
US3400660A (en) * 1965-10-20 1968-09-10 Richard L. Malter Ammunition projectile
US3797396A (en) * 1972-03-15 1974-03-19 Us Army Reinforced lightweight cartridge
US4080899A (en) * 1976-12-20 1978-03-28 Luban William L Light reflective shot pellets
US4085677A (en) * 1976-10-26 1978-04-25 Michael John Marcinkiewicz Hand loaded shot shell
US5834673A (en) * 1994-04-19 1998-11-10 Bofors Ab Method of providing fixed ammunition with an additive which limits barrel wear, and ammunition produced in accordance therewith
WO1999000468A1 (fr) * 1997-06-26 1999-01-07 David Thomas Brown Conditionnement balistique au moyen de bisulfure de molybdene
US6173652B1 (en) * 1996-07-10 2001-01-16 Bradley Taylor Holding Company Limited Environmentally sealed shot
US6576598B2 (en) 2001-08-22 2003-06-10 David Thomas Brown Ballistics conditioning
US20100037794A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2010-02-18 Authement Sr Joseph Shotgun Shells Having Colored Projectiles and Method of Using Same
US20140208974A1 (en) * 2013-01-25 2014-07-31 Tony Jaehnichen Method of manufacturing colored shot for shot shells
US9254503B2 (en) 2014-05-13 2016-02-09 Tyler Ward Enamel coated bullet, method of making an enamel coated bullet
NO337960B1 (no) * 2014-07-11 2016-07-18 Jh Casings As Varmeisolerende belegg for aluminium patronhylser for skytevåpen

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189424529A (en) * 1894-12-17 1895-12-17 Harold Boyd Improvements in the Manufacture of Cartridges.
GB455761A (en) * 1935-03-27 1936-10-27 Aluminium Ind Ag Improvements in and relating to cartridge cases
GB466320A (en) * 1935-08-03 1937-05-26 Schering Kahlbaum Ag Improvements in cartridge cases
US2189498A (en) * 1938-04-15 1940-02-06 Spengler Jules Metal cartridge for shotguns
GB528114A (en) * 1938-04-13 1940-10-23 Aluminium Ind Ag Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of light metal cartridge cases

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB189424529A (en) * 1894-12-17 1895-12-17 Harold Boyd Improvements in the Manufacture of Cartridges.
GB455761A (en) * 1935-03-27 1936-10-27 Aluminium Ind Ag Improvements in and relating to cartridge cases
GB466320A (en) * 1935-08-03 1937-05-26 Schering Kahlbaum Ag Improvements in cartridge cases
GB528114A (en) * 1938-04-13 1940-10-23 Aluminium Ind Ag Improvements in and relating to the manufacture of light metal cartridge cases
US2189498A (en) * 1938-04-15 1940-02-06 Spengler Jules Metal cartridge for shotguns

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3048105A (en) * 1957-09-03 1962-08-07 Press & Stanzwerk A G Aluminum alloy cartridge case
US3148620A (en) * 1959-08-14 1964-09-15 Wegematic Corp Wear reduction additives
US3120188A (en) * 1960-08-24 1964-02-04 Dynamit Nobel Ag Lead shotgun pellets
US3267035A (en) * 1964-05-22 1966-08-16 Continental Oil Co Composition for and method of lubricating bullets and shot
US3261292A (en) * 1964-09-01 1966-07-19 Serge A Loukomsky Shot shell with shot having differential lubrication
US3400660A (en) * 1965-10-20 1968-09-10 Richard L. Malter Ammunition projectile
US3363561A (en) * 1966-01-28 1968-01-16 Dow Chemical Co Plastic coated shotgun pellets
US3397636A (en) * 1967-03-22 1968-08-20 Wegematic Corp Wear reduction additives
US3797396A (en) * 1972-03-15 1974-03-19 Us Army Reinforced lightweight cartridge
US4085677A (en) * 1976-10-26 1978-04-25 Michael John Marcinkiewicz Hand loaded shot shell
US4080899A (en) * 1976-12-20 1978-03-28 Luban William L Light reflective shot pellets
US5834673A (en) * 1994-04-19 1998-11-10 Bofors Ab Method of providing fixed ammunition with an additive which limits barrel wear, and ammunition produced in accordance therewith
US6173652B1 (en) * 1996-07-10 2001-01-16 Bradley Taylor Holding Company Limited Environmentally sealed shot
WO1999000468A1 (fr) * 1997-06-26 1999-01-07 David Thomas Brown Conditionnement balistique au moyen de bisulfure de molybdene
US6576598B2 (en) 2001-08-22 2003-06-10 David Thomas Brown Ballistics conditioning
US20100037794A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2010-02-18 Authement Sr Joseph Shotgun Shells Having Colored Projectiles and Method of Using Same
US8561542B2 (en) * 2007-07-09 2013-10-22 Joseph Authement, SR. Shotgun shells having colored projectiles and method of using same
US20140208974A1 (en) * 2013-01-25 2014-07-31 Tony Jaehnichen Method of manufacturing colored shot for shot shells
US8875632B2 (en) * 2013-01-25 2014-11-04 Tony Jaehnichen Method of manufacturing colored shot for shot shells
US9254503B2 (en) 2014-05-13 2016-02-09 Tyler Ward Enamel coated bullet, method of making an enamel coated bullet
NO337960B1 (no) * 2014-07-11 2016-07-18 Jh Casings As Varmeisolerende belegg for aluminium patronhylser for skytevåpen
US10359261B2 (en) 2014-07-11 2019-07-23 Jh Casings As Heat insulating coating for aluminium cartridge casings for hand guns

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB757645A (en) 1956-09-19
BE591714Q (fr) 1960-10-03

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