US2915410A - Dry size and method of making the same - Google Patents
Dry size and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2915410A US2915410A US712661A US71266158A US2915410A US 2915410 A US2915410 A US 2915410A US 712661 A US712661 A US 712661A US 71266158 A US71266158 A US 71266158A US 2915410 A US2915410 A US 2915410A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rosin
- size
- dry
- sizes
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/62—Rosin; Derivatives thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
Definitions
- This invention relates to sizes, and more particularly to a dry size for paper and the like, and methods of making the same.
- the paper In order to render the paper capable of being written on, the paper is sized.
- the surface of the paper web may be sized with animalglue, casein etc., but in the majority of cases, pulp sizing is resorted towhere the size is di rectly added to the paper pulp prior to the formation of the paper webtherefrom.
- the preferred size for use in this bulk or pulp sizing method is rosin, saponified by means of an aqueous solution of soda or soda lye, i.e. converted into the sodium rosinate in accordance with the following equations:
- soda or the sodium hydroxide are used in theoretical amounts, a so called fully saponified rosin size is obtained; if the substances are used in amounts less than those of theory, so called free rosin sizes result wherein a certain amount of non-saponified rosin forms, with the saponified constituents, an emulsion, the saponified constituent, the sodium rosinate, acting as emulsifier.
- the sizes thus prepared are made in emulsions of about 30-50%, in which form they are either marketed or utilized. Following the addition of the size emulsion to the paper pulp, aluminum sulfate is added to precipitate the rosinate, in accordance with the following equations:
- liquid rosin sizes which in addition to rosin, contain substantial amounts of hydrocarbons in emulsified form. There has been no suggestion in the prior art, however, that hydrocarbons might be incorporated in dry sizes.
- kerosene is preferred, but it must not be present in substantially more than 5% by weight calculated on the weight of the rosin, because of its odour.
- the sodium aluminate is preferably used in an amount of 25% by weight calculated on the weight of the rosin.
- a dry size of equivalent quality is obtained by melting rosin and kerosene, stirring sodium aluminate into this melt, and comminuting the melt once it has solidified.
- the invention makes an additional saving in that the size can be used more economically than any of the known sizes, Calculated on the dry substance, the saving obtained from the use of the present sizes, compared with a conventional highest grade rosin size, amounts to at least 30%.
- the rosin'size according to the invention is bare, for all practical purposes, of any sensitivity to the salts causing the hardness of water, atmospheric moisture and high drying temperatures.
- the present sizes are thoroughly soluble in cold water. They are quickly and completely distributed throughout the paper pulp, and precipitate in a neutral medium.
- Example 1 In an open melting vessel having a steam jacket and agitator, of conventional construction, 100 kg. rosin are molten with 2-3 liters kerosene and heated to a temperature not exceeding 95 C. To this melt, 25 kg. dry, filltly ground sodium aluminate are added in portions. Following further agitation for a period of about 15 minutes, the melt obtained is drained. Dependent on the type of rosin used, the melt solidifies completely at about 45-50 C. forming a brittle clinker. This prod uct is finely ground in a hammer mill, sifted and packed in paper bags.
- the dry size When it is to be used, the dry size is dissolved, before it is added to the paper pulp, in cold water, 70 parts of water being used for 30 parts of the dry size.
- a suitable colloidal solution is obtained which has an extraordinarily high sizing action.
- About 300-500 g. aluminum sulfate are used per 1 kg. dry size.
- Example 2 100 kg. rosin in the form of small lumps are mixed with 2 liters kerosene and ground with 25 kg. sodium aluminate in a ball mill, the powder obtained is sifted and packed.
- this dry size is equivalent to the size made in accordance with Example 1.
- the powder is somewhat more hygroscopic.
- Example 3 100 kg. rosin are mixed with 2 kg. kerosene and 25 kg. sodium aluminate. The size powder obtained is sub- 2,91a,41o H 4 sequently fritted at about C. On cooling, a clinker is obtained which is finely ground.
- the finished dry size product has the same properties as the product according to Example 1.
- Example 4 100 kg. rosin are finely ground with 2 kg. kerosene and 25 kg. sodium aluminate, and kneaded in a kneader with 30 liters water. The dough thus formed is dried at about 80 C. and milled.
- the dry size thus produced is somewhat more expensive than the products according to the preceding examples, because of the drying process. It ha however the advantage that it is not required to be dissolved prior to use in the paper mill but may be added to the paper pulp in the dry state. The sizing action is the same as with the products of the preceding examples.
- Example 5 100 kg. rosin are most finely ground and together with 2 liters kerosene and 25 kg. sodium aluminate, dissolved in 250 liters cold water in a vessel provided with an agitator. A dispersion is obtained which is dried on a roller drier or in a spray drier, to be subsequently milled. This dry size also can be added to the paper pulp in the dry state, i.e. without requiring any previous dissolution. This procedure, however, though simple, is even more costly than that of Example 4, because of the large quantity of water to be evaporated.
- the method of making a dry rosin size comprising mixing rosin with about 0.5 to 5 percent by Weight, calculated on the weight of the rosin, of kerosene, and about 15 to 30 percent by weight, calculated on the weight of the rosin, of sodium aluminate.
- kerosene is used in an amount of 2 percent by weight, calculated on the weight of the rosin, and sodium aluminate in an amount of 25 percent by Weight, calculated on the weight of the rosin.
- a dry rosin size particularly adapted for use in paper sizing obtained by the method of claim 1.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH813739X | 1957-02-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2915410A true US2915410A (en) | 1959-12-01 |
Family
ID=4538754
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US712661A Expired - Lifetime US2915410A (en) | 1957-02-04 | 1958-02-03 | Dry size and method of making the same |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2915410A (ko) |
| BE (1) | BE564483A (ko) |
| CH (1) | CH352081A (ko) |
| DE (1) | DE1036429B (ko) |
| GB (1) | GB813739A (ko) |
| NL (1) | NL100252C (ko) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4591412A (en) * | 1982-12-08 | 1986-05-27 | Giulini Chemie Gmbh | Means and method for neutral sizing |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3245390C1 (de) * | 1982-12-08 | 1984-01-26 | Giulini Chemie Gmbh, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Mittel und Verfahren zur Neutralleimung |
| DE3400019C2 (de) * | 1984-01-02 | 1985-10-31 | Giulini Chemie Gmbh, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verbessertes Mittel zur Neutralleimung von Papier, Karton und Pappen sowie ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
-
0
- BE BE564483D patent/BE564483A/xx unknown
- NL NL100252D patent/NL100252C/xx active
-
1957
- 1957-02-04 CH CH352081D patent/CH352081A/de unknown
-
1958
- 1958-02-01 DE DESCH23480A patent/DE1036429B/de active Pending
- 1958-02-03 GB GB3466/58A patent/GB813739A/en not_active Expired
- 1958-02-03 US US712661A patent/US2915410A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4591412A (en) * | 1982-12-08 | 1986-05-27 | Giulini Chemie Gmbh | Means and method for neutral sizing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1036429B (de) | 1958-08-14 |
| GB813739A (en) | 1959-05-21 |
| CH352081A (de) | 1961-02-15 |
| BE564483A (ko) | |
| NL100252C (ko) |
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