Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
  • A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
  • A22C13/00—Sausage casings
  • A22C13/0013—Chemical composition of synthetic sausage casings

Definitions

• the invention relates to the manufacture of regenerated cellulose tubing. More particularly it relates to the manufacturing of seamless regenerated cellulose tubing reinforced with fibers embedded therein.
• Casings of seamless regenerated cellulose tubing reinforced with fibers are used extensively for the packaging of meat food products and other applications.
• such tubing was produced by applying viscose, at room temperature, to one or both sides of a tube formed by curving a thin long-fibered paper strip in which the fibers were bonded with viscoseregenerated cellulose and/ or resins about its longitudinal axis with overlapping longitudinal margins and after permitting the viscose to penetrate into paper subjecting the resultant tubing to a treatment for coagulating the viscose and regenerating the cellulose therefrom whereby the regenerated cellulose constituted a matrix in the form of a seamless tubing in which a coextensive paper tube was embedded.
• the aforementioned process was carried out continuously by a machine in which the steps were consecutively performed.
• the viscose should penetrate the base tubing prior to coagulation and regeneration and this was obtained by permitting a time lapse between the application of the viscose and the coagulating and regenerating steps.
• To secure complete penetration of the viscose would require such a period of time as to make the process uneconomical. Accordingly, as a compromise, a viscose penetration time was used as would make the process commercially practical and give a satisfactory commercial product. Manifestly, the viscose penetration time limited the speed of the machine.
• An object of this invention is to substantially reduce the viscose penetration time in the method of producing seamless regenerated cellulose tubing having a coextensive tubing formed of a fibrous web embedded therein.
• Another object of this invention' is to cause the viscose to more effectively penetrate the tubing formed of a fibrous web and the individual fibers thereof in the method of producing seamless regenerated cellulose tubing having a tubing formed of a fibrous web embedded therein.
• the above objects are accomplished in general by lowering the viscosity of a viscose composition of the kind normally used in the process of embedding a base paper tube in a seamless tubing of regenerated cellulose, at a stage in the process prior to the regeneration of the cellulose in situ on the paper base tube, such as either before or after application to the base paper tubing, by means of heat.
• viscose at room temperature is passed through a heat exchanger and thence through pipes to the apply ing device. If the distance between the heat exchanger and the applying device is such that the viscose in traveling through it will appreciably drop in temperature below that desired at the point of application, precautions such as insulating the pipes to prevent such drop in temperature, must be taken.
• the applying device' may also be insulated.
• any temperature of the viscose above room temperature and below that at which the viscose will increase in viscosity during passage through the heatexchanger and the applying device can be used.
• the temperature should be employed which will yield a viscose of minimum viscosity.
• the maximum viscose temperature to be employed will be governed by the point in the process at which the viscose is heated, Whether prior to or after application to the paper.
• the maximum viscose temperature When the viscose is heated after application to the paper the maximum viscose temperature will be governed by the rate of evaporation of Water from the viscose which will tend to increase viscosity and counter the lowering effect of the temperature on viscosity. Unless it is desired to heat coagulate the viscose in the same operation, which can be accomplished at higher temperatures, for optimum rate of penetration of viscose into paper the viscose temperature when heated after application to the paper should not exceed 65 to 75 C.
• composition of the viscose may be similar to those employed in-the art for making seamless regenerated cellulose tubing reinforced with fibrous webs such as paper.
• a viscose of the following composition is particularly suitable:
• Any appropriate coagulating and regenerating bath may be used.
• An aqueous bath containing 3 /2%-12% sulphuric acid and l0%l5% sodium sulphate (or 10%- 20% ammonium sulphate) has given satisfactory results.
• a paper formed of hemp fibers bonded together by viscose regenerated cellulose is the preferred fibrous base tubing.
• Tubings formed of other fibrous webs such as non-woven fabrics formed of fibers such as, for example, those employed in the production of yoshino paper, rice paper and the like, hemp, rayon, cotton, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile and the like and appropriately bonded, as well as woven fabrics such as cheese cloth, muslin, marquisette, organdy, voile and the like can be used.
• the invention can be used in conjunction with the methods and apparatus set out in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,105,273 and 2,144,900 and the viscose can be applied to outer or inner or both the outer and inner surfaces of the base tubing.
• Regenerated cellulose tubinghaving a tube of a fibrous web embedded therein when produced in accordance with this invention is more transparent than similar tubing prepared with viscose at room temperature and same viscose penetration time. This indicates that in the product ofthis invention there are less unpenetrated fibers and/or the individual fibers are more effectively penetrated than in the products resulting from processes utilizing viscose at room temperature with same penetration time.
• the product resulting from this invention has a greater strength than similar products prepared by the prior art method. This will become apparent from the following table setting out a comparison of the Burst pressures of tubings prepared with viscose at room temperature (20 C.) and similar viscose but of reducedviscosity obtained by heating to 55 C.
• Table II illustrates the effect on strength ,of the product by the improved penetration due to lower 1 Method described in U.S. Patent No. 1,978,134.
• Example 1 A strip of paper consisting of manila hemp fibers bonded together with regenerated cellulose is formed into a tube by curving it along its longitudinal axis with overlapping margins and then viscose of the following composition and maintained at a temperature of 55 C., is applied to the inner margin and entire outer surface of the wall of the paper tubing:
• Example 2 Cellulose contentpercent 6-8 Caustic soda do -7 'Index 28-35 Cellulose degree of polymerization 300-800
• the viscose was permittedto penetrate the paper tubing for 40 seconds and thereafter the coated and impreg- Example 2 Same as Example 1 except that the viscose is applied at room temperature and the fibrous tubing coated and impregnated with viscose is subjected to a temperature of 65 75 C. for 20-30 seconds prior to coagulation and regeneration in an aqueous bath as set out in Example 1.
• Example 3 Same as Example 2 except that regeneration is affected by heating to 95-110 C.
• the product of the foregoing example consisted o seamless regenerated cellulose tubing having a coextensive paper tubing formed of manila hemp fibers embedded and incorporated therein.
• the viscose was at room temperature, it had improved transparency and greater strength as previously indicated.
• Casings produced in accordance with this invention withstand the processing conditions employed in the production of sausage and accordingly are admirably suited for such use as well as for storage of such items.
• the casings can also be used for encasing and storing of preprocessed meat, foods, cheese, and like applications.
• the invention permits reducing the viscose penetration time and thus the machine on which the product is produced can be operated at higher speeds than heretofore. In the event the machines are operated at the same speeds as heretofore, a more transparent product is obtained. In either case, the product has improved properties.
• the viscose contains 6-8% cellulose and 58% caustic soda and is heated to a temperature not above C. prior to application to the fibrous tubing.
• the viscose contains 6-8% cellulose and 5-7% caustic soda and is heated to a temperature of 55 C. prior to application to the fibrous tubing.

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Processing Of Meat And Fish (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=24155076

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (12)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (7)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 0
  • BE BE551624D patent/BE551624A/xx unknown
• 1955
  • 1955-10-13 US US540351A patent/US2910380A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1956
  • 1956-09-24 GB GB29098/56A patent/GB803193A/en not_active Expired
  • 1956-10-05 DE DEV11323A patent/DE1107928B/de active Pending

Patent Citations (7)

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