US2907649A - Aluminum cleaning composition - Google Patents
Aluminum cleaning composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2907649A US2907649A US676365A US67636557A US2907649A US 2907649 A US2907649 A US 2907649A US 676365 A US676365 A US 676365A US 67636557 A US67636557 A US 67636557A US 2907649 A US2907649 A US 2907649A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- acid
- weight
- parts
- cleaning composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 28
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- BFXAWOHHDUIALU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydron;difluoride Chemical compound F.[F-].[Na+] BFXAWOHHDUIALU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Inorganic materials [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane;methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1.C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VBKNTGMWIPUCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;fluoride;hydrofluoride Chemical compound F.[F-].[K+] VBKNTGMWIPUCRF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010458 rotten stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/12—Light metals
- C23G1/125—Light metals aluminium
Definitions
- c1, 51-304 is useful for cleaning and polishingalurninum articles and. which maybe used without danger by unskilled persons with completely satisfactory results.
- a composition consisting of acid producing materials such as oxalic acid and sodium bifluoride will speedily brighten discolored aluminum when applied to the aluminum and dissolved in water.
- acid producing materials such as oxalic acid and sodium bifluoride
- the matte effect created by the acid can be reduced and a high lustre can be imparted to the aluminum surface.
- the acid producing materials preferably include a strong dibasic organic acid and an acid salt of a metal fluoride.
- the preferred organic acid is oxalic acid. Maleic acid also appears suitable.
- the acid salt of a metal fluoride is preferably sodium or potassium bifluoride. Potassium or sodium fluoride may also be used but with less satisfactory results.
- the preferred fatty acid supplying substance is a powdered alkali soap particularly a tallow base, sodium soap such as powdered Ivory soap, available from Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.
- a powdered alkali soap particularly a tallow base
- sodium soap such as powdered Ivory soap, available from Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.
- other soap bases having a high proportion, as at least about 40% of saturated fatty acids are also suitable.
- the soap base include primarily fatty acids ranging from C upwards and that the soap be solid at room temperature.
- the abrasive used in the composition may be any one of a variety of finely ground abrasives, usually 200 mesh or smaller, such as feldspar, tripoli, diatomaceous earth, silica etc.
- a preferred abrasive is feldspar (200 mesh), available from Ball Mining Co.; Bates (West Paris), Maine.
- a wetting agent is a sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate composition available from National Aniline Division, Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation, New York 6, New York.
- a range of compositions for accomplishing speed chemical cleaning action and formation of a high gloss on an aluminum surface is as follows:
- the above ingredients are powders at room temperature.
- the composition is manufactured by mixing the powdered ingredients in a powder mixer or similar apparatus until the mixture is uniform.
- the cleaning composition is applied to the aluminum surface to be cleaned by sprinking the powder upon the surface.
- the surface may be wetted with water before and/or after the powder is applied thereto.
- the acid producing chemicals of the wetted cleaning composition attack the aluminum surface to effect the desired cleaning thereof.
- the surface is rubbed in order to enhance the cleaning action and to impart a lustrous finish to the surface.
- the cleaning composition is then rinsed off the surface.
- afoaming agent may be incorporated in the composition'to provide a sudsy product.
- an ingredien-t may-be added for the purpose of preventing caking, if such is necessary or desirable.
- a powdered aluminum cleaning composition consisting essentially of about 1-20 parts by weight oxalic acid, about 1-20 parts by weight sodium bifluoride, about 1-20 parts of weight of a soap capable of liberating fatty acids in acid solution, at least about 40% of the fatty acids being saturated, and about 9639 parts by weight of finely ground abrasive.
- a method of cleaning an aluminum surface including the steps: wetting said surface with water; applying to said surface a powdered cleaning composition consisting essentially of between about 1 and about 20 parts by weight oxalic acid between about 1 and about 20 parts by Weight sodium bifluoride, between about 1 and about 2 0 parts of weight of asoap capable of liberating fatty acids in acid solution, at least about of the fatty acids being saturated, and between about 96 and about 39 parts by weight of finely ground abrasive and rubbing said surface to remove tarnish, stains and discolorations from said aluminum surface and to impart a high lustre thereto.
- An acid-abrasive composition for cleaning aluminum ware comprising from 1-20'parts by weight of a fluoride salt selected from the group consisting of sodium bi-fluoride, potassium bifiuoride,'sodium fiuoride'and potassium fluoride; from 1-20 parts by weight of a strong organic acid selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid and maleic acid; from 1-20 parts by weight of a fatty acid supplying substance, said substance being capable of liberating fatty acids in acid solution, at least about 40% of the fatty acids being saturated; and from about 96-39 parts by weight of finely ground abrasive.
- a fluoride salt selected from the group consisting of sodium bi-fluoride, potassium bifiuoride,'sodium fiuoride'and potassium fluoride
- a strong organic acid selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid and maleic acid
- a fatty acid supplying substance said substance being capable of liberating fatty acids in acid solution, at
- An acid abrasive composition for cleaning aluminum ware comprising from 1-20 parts by weight of a fluoride salt selected from the group consisting of sodium bifluoride, potassium bifluoride, sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride; from 1-20 parts by weight of oxalic acid; from 1-20 parts by weight of a soap capable of liberating fatty acids in acid solution, at least about 40% of the fatty acids being saturated; and from about96-39 parts by weight of finely ground abrasive.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Description
gives unsatisfactory results.
United States Patent f 2,907,649 ALUMINUM CLEANING COMPOSITION :Bernard Berkeley, Hempstead, and Arthur Petersen, Brooklyn, N.Y., assignors to Commonwealth Products, Inc, Kalamazoo, Mich., a corporation of Michigan No Drawing. Application August 5, 1957 Serial No. 676,365
4 Claims. c1, 51-304 is useful for cleaning and polishingalurninum articles and. which maybe used without danger by unskilled persons with completely satisfactory results.
Aluminum and its alloys used in cookware become stainedand discolored during normal use in the preparation of foodstuffs. Mechanical removal of stains and discolorations with scouring powders or with soap and steel wool is laborious and time-consuming and very often Further, such cleaning procedures completely fail to remove discolorations if the surface is irregular, roughened or pitted. I, [It is known that aluminum can be cleaned by surfacerenewing chemical type cleaners. For example, it is known to clean aluminum by applying inorganic or or- -is undesirable for many purposes, such as from a housewifes viewpoint. Further, the use of such cleaners usually is comparatively time consuming and in manyinstances necessitates special cleaning techniques which makes such cleaners less than completely satisfactory, particularly, for home use.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved acid-abrasive type of aluminum cleaning composition primarily adaptable for use with aluminum cooking utensils.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved acid-abrasive type of aluminum cleaning composition which will effectively remove discolorations from aluminum surfaces, particularly aluminum cooking utensils, and which will impart a high lustre to the cleaned surface and which, after such cleaning is completed, will leave a protective film on such surface.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an improved acid-abrasive type aluminum cleaning composition which will not be harmful to the users clothing or person and which may be conveniently used by unskilled persons following conventional, well understood techniques for cleaning utensils.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent to those acquainted with aluminum cleaning compositions upon reading the following description.
We have discovered that a composition consisting of acid producing materials such as oxalic acid and sodium bifluoride will speedily brighten discolored aluminum when applied to the aluminum and dissolved in water. By incorporating in the acid producing materials a fatty acid or material capable of forming a fatty acid in acid 2,907,649 Patented Oct. 6, 1959 solution, and an abrasive, the matte effect created by the acid can be reduced and a high lustre can be imparted to the aluminum surface. a
The acid producing materials preferably include a strong dibasic organic acid and an acid salt of a metal fluoride. The preferred organic acid is oxalic acid. Maleic acid also appears suitable. The acid salt of a metal fluoride is preferably sodium or potassium bifluoride. Potassium or sodium fluoride may also be used but with less satisfactory results.
In order to produce a lustrous finish on the aluminum surface it is essential to provide a substance capable of supplying fatty acid in acid solution. The preferred fatty acid supplying substance is a powdered alkali soap particularly a tallow base, sodium soap such as powdered Ivory soap, available from Procter & Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. However, other soap bases having a high proportion, as at least about 40% of saturated fatty acids are also suitable. It is preferred that the soap base include primarily fatty acids ranging from C upwards and that the soap be solid at room temperature.
The abrasive used in the composition may be any one of a variety of finely ground abrasives, usually 200 mesh or smaller, such as feldspar, tripoli, diatomaceous earth, silica etc. A preferred abrasive is feldspar (200 mesh), available from Ball Mining Co.; Bates (West Paris), Maine.
It is desirable, though not essential to incorporate in the cleaning composition a small amount, as 1% by weight, of a wetting agent. A composition containing suchan agent shows increased wetting and surface action and also improved chemical cleaning properties. A suitable wetting agent is a sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate composition available from National Aniline Division, Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation, New York 6, New York.
A range of compositions for accomplishing speed chemical cleaning action and formation of a high gloss on an aluminum surface is as follows:
Parts by weight The above ingredients are powders at room temperature. The composition is manufactured by mixing the powdered ingredients in a powder mixer or similar apparatus until the mixture is uniform.
The cleaning composition is applied to the aluminum surface to be cleaned by sprinking the powder upon the surface. The surface may be wetted with water before and/or after the powder is applied thereto. The acid producing chemicals of the wetted cleaning composition attack the aluminum surface to effect the desired cleaning thereof. Immediately after application or after a time lapse of a few seconds, if desired, the surface is rubbed in order to enhance the cleaning action and to impart a lustrous finish to the surface. The cleaning composition is then rinsed off the surface.
While the phenomena involved in the use of the cleaning composition are not completely understood, it is believed that the acid producing materials when wet with water not only attack and remove the aluminum oxide num soap thereon.
layer stains and discolorations from the aluminum surface but also react with the soaps to liberate fatty acids. These fatty acids react with the clean aluminum surface when said surface is rubbed to form a coating of alumi- The aluminum soap coating tends .to prevent reformation of a tarnish layer on the surface. The foregoing suggestions as to the reactions involved in the use of the cleaning composition, while believed to 'be correct, are offered solely for purpose of providing one possible explanation of the phenomena involved.
It is tobe understood that the invention is not dependent upon the correctness of these suggestions and, therefore, the invention should be interpreted accordingly.
Minor amounts of other ingredients may be incorporated-in the cleaning composition for special purposes. For example, afoaming agent may be incorporated in the composition'to provide a sudsy product. Also, an ingredien-t may-be added for the purpose of preventing caking, if such is necessary or desirable.
Although a particular preferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed herein for illustrative purposes, it will be understood that the invention includes such modifications or variations thereof as lie within the scope ofthe appended claims.
We claim:
1. A powdered aluminum cleaning composition, consisting essentially of about 1-20 parts by weight oxalic acid, about 1-20 parts by weight sodium bifluoride, about 1-20 parts of weight of a soap capable of liberating fatty acids in acid solution, at least about 40% of the fatty acids being saturated, and about 9639 parts by weight of finely ground abrasive.
2. A method of cleaning an aluminum surface, including the steps: wetting said surface with water; applying to said surface a powdered cleaning composition consisting essentially of between about 1 and about 20 parts by weight oxalic acid between about 1 and about 20 parts by Weight sodium bifluoride, between about 1 and about 2 0 parts of weight of asoap capable of liberating fatty acids in acid solution, at least about of the fatty acids being saturated, and between about 96 and about 39 parts by weight of finely ground abrasive and rubbing said surface to remove tarnish, stains and discolorations from said aluminum surface and to impart a high lustre thereto.
3. An acid-abrasive composition for cleaning aluminum ware comprising from 1-20'parts by weight of a fluoride salt selected from the group consisting of sodium bi-fluoride, potassium bifiuoride,'sodium fiuoride'and potassium fluoride; from 1-20 parts by weight of a strong organic acid selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid and maleic acid; from 1-20 parts by weight of a fatty acid supplying substance, said substance being capable of liberating fatty acids in acid solution, at least about 40% of the fatty acids being saturated; and from about 96-39 parts by weight of finely ground abrasive.
4. An acid abrasive composition for cleaning aluminum ware comprising from 1-20 parts by weight of a fluoride salt selected from the group consisting of sodium bifluoride, potassium bifluoride, sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride; from 1-20 parts by weight of oxalic acid; from 1-20 parts by weight of a soap capable of liberating fatty acids in acid solution, at least about 40% of the fatty acids being saturated; and from about96-39 parts by weight of finely ground abrasive.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 190,407 Bertram May 8, 1877 978,747 Higgins Dec. 13, 1910 1,240,544 Damon Sept. "18, 1917 1,890,214 Churchill Dec. 6, 1932 2,112,632 Montgomery Mar. 29, 1938 2,571,690 Dobbelmann et a1. Oct. 16, 1951 2,628,199 Lowenheim Feb. 10, 1953
Claims (1)
1. A POWDERED ALUMINUM CLEANING COMPOSITION, CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ABOUT 1-20 PARTS BY WEIGHT OXALIC ACID, ABOUT 1-20 PARTS BY WEIGHT SODIUM BIFLUORIDE, ABOUT 1-20 PARTS OF WEIGHT OF A SOAP CAPABLE OF LIBERATING FATTY ACIDS IN ACID SOLUTION, AT LEAST ABOUT 40% OF THE FATTY ACIDS BEING SATURATED, AND ABOUT 96-39 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF FINELY GROUND ABRASIVE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US676365A US2907649A (en) | 1957-08-05 | 1957-08-05 | Aluminum cleaning composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US676365A US2907649A (en) | 1957-08-05 | 1957-08-05 | Aluminum cleaning composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2907649A true US2907649A (en) | 1959-10-06 |
Family
ID=24714210
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US676365A Expired - Lifetime US2907649A (en) | 1957-08-05 | 1957-08-05 | Aluminum cleaning composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2907649A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3289887A (en) * | 1962-07-31 | 1966-12-06 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Dispensing of reactive cleansing materials |
| US4158553A (en) * | 1978-01-16 | 1979-06-19 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Non-scratching liquid scouring cleanser using abrasives with a Mohs hardness of greater than 3 |
| US20040149689A1 (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2004-08-05 | Xiao-Shan Ning | Method for producing metal/ceramic bonding substrate |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US190407A (en) * | 1877-05-08 | Improvement in compounds for cleaning and polishing brass | ||
| US978747A (en) * | 1907-02-28 | 1910-12-13 | Car Borundum Company | Abrasive article. |
| US1240544A (en) * | 1917-07-02 | 1917-09-18 | William H Damon | Non-cumulative wax polish. |
| US1890214A (en) * | 1929-05-18 | 1932-12-06 | Aluminum Co Of America | Cleaning composition |
| US2112632A (en) * | 1935-12-17 | 1938-03-29 | H A Montgomery Company Inc | Process and composition for plastic deformation of metals |
| US2571690A (en) * | 1947-01-20 | 1951-10-16 | Dobbelman N V | Detergent composition |
| US2628199A (en) * | 1949-12-21 | 1953-02-10 | Frederick A Lowenheim | Tarnish remover |
-
1957
- 1957-08-05 US US676365A patent/US2907649A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US190407A (en) * | 1877-05-08 | Improvement in compounds for cleaning and polishing brass | ||
| US978747A (en) * | 1907-02-28 | 1910-12-13 | Car Borundum Company | Abrasive article. |
| US1240544A (en) * | 1917-07-02 | 1917-09-18 | William H Damon | Non-cumulative wax polish. |
| US1890214A (en) * | 1929-05-18 | 1932-12-06 | Aluminum Co Of America | Cleaning composition |
| US2112632A (en) * | 1935-12-17 | 1938-03-29 | H A Montgomery Company Inc | Process and composition for plastic deformation of metals |
| US2571690A (en) * | 1947-01-20 | 1951-10-16 | Dobbelman N V | Detergent composition |
| US2628199A (en) * | 1949-12-21 | 1953-02-10 | Frederick A Lowenheim | Tarnish remover |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3289887A (en) * | 1962-07-31 | 1966-12-06 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Dispensing of reactive cleansing materials |
| US4158553A (en) * | 1978-01-16 | 1979-06-19 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Non-scratching liquid scouring cleanser using abrasives with a Mohs hardness of greater than 3 |
| US20040149689A1 (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2004-08-05 | Xiao-Shan Ning | Method for producing metal/ceramic bonding substrate |
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