US2899636A - rubricius - Google Patents

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Publication number
US2899636A
US2899636A US67655957A US2899636A US 2899636 A US2899636 A US 2899636A US 67655957 A US67655957 A US 67655957A US 2899636 A US2899636 A US 2899636A
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Prior art keywords
container
blood
fluid
conductivity
bridge
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Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
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Priority to US67655957 priority Critical patent/US2899636A/en
Priority to DE1958R0023767 priority patent/DE1066318B/de
Priority to GB25029/58A priority patent/GB834986A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2899636A publication Critical patent/US2899636A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/02042—Determining blood loss or bleeding, e.g. during a surgical procedure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for determining the blood loss from patients during surgical operations after trauma and during childbirth.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus which will accurately and continuously determine the amount of blood lost from a patient at any unit of time during surgery.
  • Still another object of the invention is to produce an apparatus for determining blood loss during surgery which is simple to operate and may be fabricated easily and economically.
  • the invention comprises a container. with an agitator adapted to extract blood from sponges, gauze and the like, means connecting the container to a suction device which is in communication with an operating site, electrodes positioned within the container and connected with a mil-balancing conductivity bridge through a servomotor whereby the conductivity of the solution may be read in terms of blood loss.
  • an exterior housing '10 having an opening in the top portion thereof adapted to receive acontainer 12.
  • the container 12 is provided with an outlet passage 14 formed in the bottom wall thereof with a screen protector 15 mounted on the inner side of the container.
  • a vacuum pump 18 is provided having communication with the outlet 14 through a coupling pipe 16.
  • the pressure side of the pump 18 is provided with a pipe 20 which extends upwardly and passes through the exterior of the housing 10.
  • the pipe 20 is provided with a curved end portion 24 which is pivotally mounted to the pipe 20 by means of a swivel coupling 22.
  • the inlet side of the pump is connected to a suction pipe 26 which is provided with a valve 28.
  • the pipe 26 is adapted to extend to the operating site and is employed to provide a path for blood lost directly at the operating site to the container 12 through the suction pump 18, pipe 20 and the curved outlet 24.v
  • a motor 30 is mounted on the exterior side wall of the container 12 and is adapted to drive an agitator member 32 which is disposed on the inner surface of the container and may be driven by a conventional output shaft of the motor 30.
  • the agitator member 32 may be of the conventional designs, such as, for example, the agitator members of the small apartment size Washing machines.
  • the container 12. is initially filled with a measured volume of distilled water 34 or any substance of known electrical conductance or resistance.
  • the basket 36 may be formed of screen or other perforated material.
  • the basket 36 enables the sponges to be readily removed from the container 12 after they have been compressed of their fluid at the conclusion of an operation and may then be easily and quickly counted.
  • the basket 36 provides means which militate against the splashing of the fluid 34 when the level thereof is beneath the agitator 32 as in emptying.
  • the basket 36 is provided with a flanged rim 38 adapted to rest on the upper marginal edge of the container 12, thereby permitting the main body of the basket 36 to be suspended within the container.
  • An A.C. Wheatstone bridge circuit is employed to measure the concentration of blood which is present within fluid 34 in the container 12.
  • the Wheatstone bridge is a balanced circuit including three known resistances and one unknown resistance with a source of current at line frequency and a device for detecting the potential difference.
  • a conductivity cell 40 constitutes one arm.
  • Another arm consists of a temperature compensator 42, which may be either automatic or manual.
  • the third and fourth arms, 44 and 46, respectively, consist of calibrating resistors and a variable resistance 48.
  • the variable resistance 48 is a calibrated slide wire arrangement.
  • the Wheatstone bridge circuit is energized with a power supply (alternating current) which is connected be-.
  • the output of the Wheatstone bridge network is sensed across the bridge at the point on the variable resistance 48 determined by the slide wire contact 50 and the point 51 between the conductivity cell 40 and the temperature compensator 42. Any voltage resulting from an unbalance in the bridge network is applied to the primary winding of a transformer 52 which feeds a signal proportional to the unbalance to an amplifier 54.
  • the output of the amplifier 54 is operative to energize a motor 56 which is of a reversible type. A negative going signal fed to the motor 56 is operative to energize the motor in one direction while a positive going signal is operative to drive the motor 56 in the opposite direction.
  • the motor 56 is mechanically coupled to the sliding contact 50 of the variable resistance 48 and also to a meter 58 which is calibrated in terms of blood loss.
  • the armature of the motor 56 is directly coupled to the meter 58 so that the rotation of the armature Will cause simultaneous movement of the indicating needle of the meter.
  • the bridge In operation, the bridge is initially balanced so that the output E will be nearly zero.
  • the phase of this voltage is determined by the direction of change of the resistance.
  • the resultant voltage output of the bridge is amplified by the amplifier 54 and is fed to the field winding of the reversible motor 56.
  • the motor 56 is mechanically connected to the arm of the slide wire resistor 50 and is driven in a direction that will reduce the voltage, E to again be nearly zero. Simultaneously with balancing the bridge, the motor 56 drives the meter 58 which has been calibrated in terms of blood loss.
  • the motor 56 When the voltage E becomes zero, the motor 56 will stop, thereby allowing a positive and continuous reading of the meter 58 during the course of an operation of the blood loss. It will be readily apparent that the motor 56 may, in certain instances, overcorrect in which case the bridge unbalances in an opposite direction causing the motor 56 to reverse to completely balance the bridge through the variable resistance 48. In such case the indicating needle of the meter 58 will return to its proper position in unison with the motor 56 properly indicating the amount of blood contained within the container 12.
  • the temperature compensator 42 is in the circuit to electrically correct for changes in the temperature of the solution.
  • the compensator 42 adjusts for temperature through the change of resistance of the compensator, which may be a thermistor, .inserted in the fluid 34. Either the manually adjustable type of resistance or the thermistor may be used in the instant circuit without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the curved pipe 24 is turned to the position shown in dotted lines, the pump 18 is energized, and the fluid 34 may thereby be conveniently removed from the container 12.
  • An apparatus for determining blood loss comprising in combination, a container, at fluid contained within said container, a fluid impervious basket disposed within said container, agitator means disposed within said container for extracting blood from blood soaked materials disposed within said fluid, suction means for providing communication between said container and an operating site, a null-balancing conductivity bridge circuit, and electrodes disposed within said container and forming at least one arm of said bridge circuit for detecting changes in conductivity of said fluid.
  • An apparatus for determining blood loss comprising a container for containing a fluid, a fluid impervious basket disposed within said container, an agitator disposed within said container, means providing communication with said container and an operating site, a nullbalancing conductivity bridge circuit, one of the arms of said circuit including a conductivity cell disposed within said container, another of the arms of said circui-t including a'temperature responsive resistance element disposed within said container, and means c'onnec'tedto said bridge for metering any unbalance thereof.
  • An apparatus for determining blood loss comprising a container for containing a fluid, an agitator disposed within said container, means providing communication with said container and an operating site, means for recirculating the fluid contained in said container, a null-balancing conductivity bridge circuit, at least one arm of-said bridge including a conductivity cell, said conductivity cell disposed within said container, and means connected to said bridge for metering any unbalance thereof.
  • a method for determining blood loss during surgical operations consisting of adding blood to a fluid of known electrical conductivity, agitating the blood to liberate the intercellular electrolytes and protein and continuously sensing the conductivity of the composite fluid by a null-balancing conductivity bridge circuit whereby the amount of bloodin said fluid is determined.
  • a method of determining blood loss during a surgical operation comprising introducing lost blood and blood-soaked materials into a body of fluid in a confined zone whereby the blood is diluted and intercellular electrolytes and protein are liberated into the fluid, continuously sensing variations in the electrical conductivity of the composite fluid in said confined zone, and utilizing the variations in electrical conductivity to determine the amount of blood collected in said zone.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
US67655957 1957-08-06 1957-08-06 rubricius Expired - Lifetime US2899636A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US67655957 US2899636A (en) 1957-08-06 1957-08-06 rubricius
DE1958R0023767 DE1066318B (de) 1957-08-06 1958-07-26
GB25029/58A GB834986A (en) 1957-08-06 1958-08-05 Improved apparatus for determining blood loss during surgical operations

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US67655957 US2899636A (en) 1957-08-06 1957-08-06 rubricius

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2899636A true US2899636A (en) 1959-08-11

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ID=592441

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US67655957 Expired - Lifetime US2899636A (en) 1957-08-06 1957-08-06 rubricius

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2899636A (de)
DE (1) DE1066318B (de)
GB (1) GB834986A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3182252A (en) * 1960-12-16 1965-05-04 Berg Janwillem Van Den Blood loss meter
US3250987A (en) * 1959-12-24 1966-05-10 Robert H Okada Hematocrit meter
US3382429A (en) * 1965-06-02 1968-05-07 Ind Instr Inc Method of and apparatus utilizing bridge for measuring conductivity
US3451403A (en) * 1965-03-19 1969-06-24 Danske Sukkerfab Method and apparatus for determining the purity of a flowing solution or mixture

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5266189U (de) * 1975-11-12 1977-05-16
GB2128335A (en) * 1982-08-13 1984-04-26 Omnium Assets Trust Syndicate Measuring conductivity of a soil sample

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2192123A (en) * 1936-09-09 1940-02-27 Champion Paper & Fibre Co Determination of hydrogen-ion concentration
US2621235A (en) * 1951-08-31 1952-12-09 American Sterilizer Co Draw-off cock and temperature compensated conductivity cell for distilled water
US2687139A (en) * 1948-04-22 1954-08-24 Bois Co Inc Du Method for controlling detergent concentration in dishwashing machines or the like

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2192123A (en) * 1936-09-09 1940-02-27 Champion Paper & Fibre Co Determination of hydrogen-ion concentration
US2687139A (en) * 1948-04-22 1954-08-24 Bois Co Inc Du Method for controlling detergent concentration in dishwashing machines or the like
US2621235A (en) * 1951-08-31 1952-12-09 American Sterilizer Co Draw-off cock and temperature compensated conductivity cell for distilled water

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3250987A (en) * 1959-12-24 1966-05-10 Robert H Okada Hematocrit meter
US3182252A (en) * 1960-12-16 1965-05-04 Berg Janwillem Van Den Blood loss meter
US3451403A (en) * 1965-03-19 1969-06-24 Danske Sukkerfab Method and apparatus for determining the purity of a flowing solution or mixture
US3382429A (en) * 1965-06-02 1968-05-07 Ind Instr Inc Method of and apparatus utilizing bridge for measuring conductivity

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1066318B (de) 1959-10-01
GB834986A (en) 1960-05-18

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