US2899280A - Method of fluid analysis - Google Patents

Method of fluid analysis Download PDF

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US2899280A
US2899280A US2899280DA US2899280A US 2899280 A US2899280 A US 2899280A US 2899280D A US2899280D A US 2899280DA US 2899280 A US2899280 A US 2899280A
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liquid
conduit
air
segments
sample
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/08—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a stream of discrete samples flowing along a tube system, e.g. flow injection analysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
    • Y10T436/117497—Automated chemical analysis with a continuously flowing sample or carrier stream
    • Y10T436/118339—Automated chemical analysis with a continuously flowing sample or carrier stream with formation of a segmented stream

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for use in the automatic analysis of fluids.
  • a sample liquid and one or more processing liquids are formed into a first stream which is conducted to the dialyzate compartment of a dialyzer.
  • the undialyzed stream of liquid may be treated before it arrives at the dialyzer to facilitate the separation of the crystalloid constituents from the colloid constituents of the sample.
  • a receiving solvent constituted by a stream of secondary processing liquid, is conducted to the diffusate compartment of the dialyzer, the crystalloids passing through the membrane of the dialyzer into the solvent.
  • the diffusate passing from the dialyzer is subjected to treatment to provide a color change in the liquid segments thereof indicative of the concentration of the factor for which the sample is being analyzed.
  • the treated diifusate is directed to a flow cell of a colorimeter in which it is subjected to colorimetric examination to provide a quantitative indication of the factor for which the sample is being analyzed, a record being made of the colorimetric examination. Such record is in the form of a tracing or graph.
  • the record or graph of the colorimetric examination of the sample includes a spurious peak which may result in a false indication of the quantity of the factor in the sample.
  • Fig. 1 is a more-or-less diagrammatic view of an analyzing apparatus, pursuant to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of the portion of Fig. 1 which is enclosed by the broken line and which portion is designated by the arrow head 2.
  • the automatic analyzing apparatus 10 includes an automatic analyzing means, generally indicated by the reference numeral 12, to which liquid samples, such as for example and not by Way of limitation, body fluid samples, industrial samples, or the like, which are to be analyzed, are fed; a colorimeter 14 for effecting a colorimetric examination of the output of the analyzer means 12, and a recording means 16 for recording the colorimetric examination of the output of said analyzer means 12.
  • the analyzer means 12 includes a dialyzer 18 to which the liquid samples being analyzed and various liquids processing media are fed'thereto in predetermined proportions. More specifically, a proportioning pump 20 is utilized to feed a liquid sample, one or more primary processing media, depending upon the sample being tested, and air through the lines 22, 24 and 26, respectively, into the conduit or line 28. Pursuant to the present invention, the air is introduced into the continuous stream of sample liquid in the conduit 28 before the diluent or processing liquid is introduced into the sample liquid stream in the conduit. As shown herein, a plurality of moving rollers 54 compress the flexible tubes 22, 24, 26, 30, 32 and 34 at spaced points therealong, against an underlying bed or platen 56, to advance the material to be pumped therethrough.
  • Proportioning pumps of the type suitable for use herein, are illustrated and described in the copending applications of Jack Isreeli and Andres Ferrari, Serial No. 628,030, filed December 13, 1956, and Serial No. 463,860, filed October '22, 1954, both of which are assigned to the assignee herein, and also in the previously identified Skeggs application.
  • the samples may be introduced to the pump 20, and specifically to the line or conduit 22 thereof, from a suitable flask or flasks, as illustrated and described in said Skeggs application, or provision may be made for a suitable automatic sample feed device.
  • An automatic sample feed device 36 suitable for the purpose herein, is illustrated and described in the copending application of Leonard T. Skeggs, Serial No.
  • said feed device comprises a turntable or plate 38 provided with the recesses or receptacles 40 forthe sample liquids. Said plate is mounted for rotation, as indicated by the arrow 42, relative to a suction intake device 37 through which the samples flow into the conduit 22, as indicated by the arrow 39, for a quantitative analysis by the apparatus 10 of a predetermined factor or separable substance in the sample.
  • the recorder 16 of the apparatus provides a trace or graph recording 44 of said quantitative analysis. The maximum concentrations or indications on the graph is indicated by the trace portions 46.
  • the sample liquid S is pumped through the conduit 22 into conduit 28 and air is pumped through the conduit 26 and introduced into the conduit 28 before a diluent or processing liquid is introduced into conduit 28.
  • conduits 22 and 26 feed into conduit 28 so that the air breaks up the sample liquid S into the liquid segments L thereof which are separated by air segments A.
  • the pump operates also to pump a diluent liquid or primary processing medium D through the conduit 24, which has a junction at 52 with conduit 28, to add the diluent liquid to the sample segments L, as indicated by the segment CS.
  • the pump conduits 22 and 26, for the sample and the air, respectively, are each connected into the conduit 28 at the input end 48 of the latter.
  • the air supplied by the conduit 26 breaks up the sample S, supplied by the tube 22, into segments of liquid L, which segments are separated by air segments or bubbles, as indicated at A.
  • the direction of liquid flow through the conduit 28 is indicated by the arrow 50.
  • the tube 24, through which the primary processing medium or diluent liquid D is pumped, is connected into the conduit 28 at said junction 52, the latter being beyond or after the input end 48 of the conduit 28, considered in the direction 50 of the liquid flow in the conduit 28.
  • the segment CS comprises a portion S, of the sample liquid, which portion was constituted by a prior segment L, and a portion of the diluent material D, the combined segment CS having a greater volume than the segment L and being spaced therefrom by an air bubble or segment A. It will be understood that the combined segments CS are spaced from each other by air segments or bubbles A as they move along the conduit 28 in the direction of the arrow 50.
  • the pump 20 also operates to provide in the conduit 54 to the other side of the dialyzer 18 segments, similar to L, of secondary processing fluid, the secondary processing fluid being pumped through the tube 30 and the air being pumped through the tube 34, said tubes having a junction as at 56 at the input to the conduit 54.
  • the segments CS containing both the sample fluid S and the diluent fluid D pass along the conduit 28 to a mixer 58.
  • the mixer 58 as here shown, is preferably of the type illustrated and described in the copending application of Andres Ferrari, Serial No. 609,366, filed September 12, 1956, and assigned to the assignee hereof.
  • the mixing device 58 is constituted by a helical coil or tubing in which the segments CS are thoroughly mixed as they flow through the convolutions 60 of the helical mixing device. From the mixer 58, the liquid segments CS flow through a conduit 62, as indicated by arrows 63, to the dialyzate compartment 64 of the dialyzer 18.
  • a separable constituent related to the factor for which the analysis is being made, is removed from the flowing stream constituted by the segments CS.
  • a body fluid such as blood
  • the crystalloid constituents and the colloid constituents of the body fluid sample are separated, the crystalloids passing through the dialyzer membrane 66 into the diffusate compartment 68.
  • the mixture, from which thec rystalloids have been dialyzed, pass out of the dialyzer through the conduit 70.
  • the pump 20 also feeds into line 54, through the tubes 30 and 32, a secondary processing medium and air, respectively, the pump being operative to break the secondary processing medium into air separated segments which form the receiving solvent.
  • the receiving solvent for the particular sample being analyzed, is fed through the line 54, as indicated by the arrow 72, to the diffusate compartment 68 of the dialyzer from whence it passes into the conduit 74.
  • the separable substance for example the crystalloid constituent, in the case of blood, in the segments of the un- 4 dialyzed liquid pass into the segments of the receiving solvent.
  • the receiving solvent which is sent to the dialyzer compartment 68 by way of line 54, passes, as a dilfusate into the conduit 74.
  • the required reagent is pumped through the tube 34 into the conduit 76, and through the latter, as indicated by the arrow 78, into the conduit 74.
  • the mixture of the ditfusate and the reagent then passes into a mixer coil 58. From the mixer coil 58, the mixture passes through the coil 80, of a heating bath 82, passing out of the bath into a conduit 84 which directs the mixture into a blending device 86.
  • the sample under analysis is a body fluid which is being analyzed for glucose
  • the primary processing fluid or diluent introduced through the pump tube 24 may be constituted by a mixture of sodium chloride and caprylic alcohol
  • the secondary processing medium introduced through the pump tube 30 may be constituted by a solution of potassium ferricyanide
  • the reagent introduced through the pump tube 34 may be constituted by a mixture of sodium chloride and potassium cyanide.
  • the glucose which is a soluble crystalloid, diffuses through the membrane 66 in proportion to its concentration in the mixture that is being fed to the dialyzer through the conduit 62.
  • the lower half 68 of the dialyzer is supplied with the continuous stream of the potassium ferricyanide solution, in air spaced segments thereof.
  • the potassium fem'cyanide solution picks up the glucose that diffuses through the membrane 66 and, after mixture with the reagent, passes into the coil of the heater 82.
  • the mixture undergoes a chemical change, any glucose acting to reduce the potassium ferricyanide to potassium ferrocyanide, the sensitivity of the reaction being increased by the mixture of the sodium chloride and potassium cyanide.
  • Potassium ferricyanide in solution in unreduced form is yellow in color; after its reduction to the ferrocyanide, its solution is colorless. If, therefore, glucose is present in the test sample being analyzed, there will be a proportionate reduction of the potassium ferricyanide in coil 80, with an accompanying loss of color. Consequently, the bath 82 serves to develop in the mixture a degree of color, different from that of a solution of unreduced potassium ferricyanide, on the basis of which it is possible to make a photometric examination in the colorimeter 14 and to record said examination in the recorder 16.
  • the mixture flowing out of the mixer 58 is in the form of air spaced segments of liquid, it is desirable to eflect a blending of the segments 'of the diffusate, before they pass into the colori1neter 14, so as to provide a gradual transition or progression of color change, as distinct from the series of individual color changes, so as to produce a colorimeter recording which is smooth and regular in appearance. Therefore, the liquid segments are directed from the conduit 84 into the blender 86 which blends the segments of the diflusate together and which also releases the air from the fluid flowing out of the heater coil.
  • a blender 86 suitable for the purpose herein, is described in each of the copending applications of Edwin C. Whitehead and Andres Ferrari, Jr., Serial No. 573,539, filed March 29, 1956, now abandoned, and Serial No. 607,- 122, filed August 30, 1956 and both assigned to the assignee hereof.
  • the colorimeter 14 may be of any suitable type.
  • the blended fluid flows from the blender 86 into the colorimeter 14, said colorimeter controlling the operation of the recorder 14, as described in the above-mentioned Skeggs applications.
  • the trace produced by the recorder is indicated at 44 and clearly indicates the maximum concentration points at 46 of the factor, for example glucose, for example
  • body fluids may be analyzed for other factors, utilizing the basic concept of the present invention, such as, for example and not by way of limitation, urea, nitrogen, calcium, etc.
  • present invention is not limited to the analysis of body fluids but that other liquids which contain a substance or factor which can be diffused or separated therefrom, may be analyzed pursuant to the present invention to provide a quantitative recording of said substance or factor, which recording is free of spurious peaks.
  • a method-of obtaining a quantitative indication of a substance in a liquid according to which said liquid and a processing liquid and air are transmitted in the form of a flowing stream in a conduit and according to which said air is effective to divide said stream into a series of spaced liquid segments separated from each other by intervening segments of air, comprising introducing said air into said conduit at a time not later than the introduction of said processing liquid whereby the formation of said liquid segments occurs not later than the introduction of said processing liquid, and transmitting the segmented stream through a mixer for intermixing the liquids of said segmented stream with each other.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Mixers With Rotating Receptacles And Mixers With Vibration Mechanisms (AREA)
US2899280D 1957-03-06 Method of fluid analysis Expired - Lifetime US2899280A (en)

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US64430957A 1957-03-06 1957-03-06

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US (1) US2899280A (de)
BE (1) BE568202A (de)
CH (1) CH393788A (de)
FR (1) FR1191591A (de)
GB (1) GB855555A (de)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2999673A (en) * 1959-08-05 1961-09-12 Technicon Instr Liquid mixing means
US3020130A (en) * 1959-08-06 1962-02-06 Technicon Instr Digestion apparatus and method
US3028224A (en) * 1958-02-17 1962-04-03 Technicon Instr Analysis or other processing of gaseous fluids
US3047367A (en) * 1959-12-01 1962-07-31 Technicon Instr Automatic analysis with fluid segmentation
US3074784A (en) * 1959-05-05 1963-01-22 Technicon Chromatography Corp Continuous chromatographic analysis apparatus
US3081158A (en) * 1959-12-28 1963-03-12 Technicon Instr Liquid treatment apparatus
US3097927A (en) * 1959-07-21 1963-07-16 Technicon Instr Chromatography analysis apparatus and method
US3098718A (en) * 1959-09-08 1963-07-23 Technicon Instr Concentration apparatus for quantitative analysis of a substance in a liquid
US3098717A (en) * 1959-04-27 1963-07-23 Technicon Instr Fluid treatment method and apparatus with double-flow colorimeter
US3109713A (en) * 1959-07-22 1963-11-05 Technicon Instr Liquid analysis apparatus with closed flow cell
US3186235A (en) * 1962-04-05 1965-06-01 Technicon Instr Sample supply means for analysis apparatus
US3223486A (en) * 1962-09-12 1965-12-14 Technicon Instr Apparatus for treatment of solids for analysis
US3231090A (en) * 1961-05-17 1966-01-25 Technicon Instr Continuous solvent extraction apparatus
US3241923A (en) * 1959-10-30 1966-03-22 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for the treatment of liquids
US3320148A (en) * 1961-03-13 1967-05-16 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for electrophoretic density gradient separation and analysis
US3333826A (en) * 1961-07-13 1967-08-01 Technicon Corp Method of forming a precipitate in a stream of liquid samples
DE1268868B (de) * 1963-07-30 1968-05-22 Technicon Instr Registriergeraet zum Aufzeichnen mehrerer Gruppen von Versuchsdaten
US3422667A (en) * 1965-05-05 1969-01-21 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Method of evaluating the concentration gradients in liquids
US3479141A (en) * 1967-05-17 1969-11-18 Technicon Corp Method and apparatus for analysis
US3485295A (en) * 1965-03-26 1969-12-23 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Device for the treatment of a flow of liquid sectionalized by fluidal bubbles
US3512398A (en) * 1964-08-11 1970-05-19 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Method for measuring the extinction of a continuous or discontinuous flow of a liquid
US3668936A (en) * 1970-12-15 1972-06-13 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for sampling
US3804593A (en) * 1964-05-25 1974-04-16 Technicon Instr Automatic analysis apparatus and method
US4014652A (en) * 1974-09-27 1977-03-29 Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha Automatic analytic apparatus of liquids
US4491011A (en) * 1982-06-11 1985-01-01 Brigham Young University Dialyzing injection system for instrumental detection
US4818706A (en) * 1983-04-19 1989-04-04 American Monitor Corporation Reagent-dispensing system and method
US5504010A (en) * 1989-05-01 1996-04-02 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Method for transferring sample
US5506142A (en) * 1991-12-13 1996-04-09 Dade International Inc. Probe wash for liquid analysis apparatus

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2797149A (en) * 1953-01-08 1957-06-25 Technicon International Ltd Methods of and apparatus for analyzing liquids containing crystalloid and non-crystalloid constituents

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2797149A (en) * 1953-01-08 1957-06-25 Technicon International Ltd Methods of and apparatus for analyzing liquids containing crystalloid and non-crystalloid constituents

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3028224A (en) * 1958-02-17 1962-04-03 Technicon Instr Analysis or other processing of gaseous fluids
US3098717A (en) * 1959-04-27 1963-07-23 Technicon Instr Fluid treatment method and apparatus with double-flow colorimeter
US3074784A (en) * 1959-05-05 1963-01-22 Technicon Chromatography Corp Continuous chromatographic analysis apparatus
US3097927A (en) * 1959-07-21 1963-07-16 Technicon Instr Chromatography analysis apparatus and method
US3109713A (en) * 1959-07-22 1963-11-05 Technicon Instr Liquid analysis apparatus with closed flow cell
US2999673A (en) * 1959-08-05 1961-09-12 Technicon Instr Liquid mixing means
US3020130A (en) * 1959-08-06 1962-02-06 Technicon Instr Digestion apparatus and method
US3098718A (en) * 1959-09-08 1963-07-23 Technicon Instr Concentration apparatus for quantitative analysis of a substance in a liquid
US3241923A (en) * 1959-10-30 1966-03-22 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for the treatment of liquids
US3047367A (en) * 1959-12-01 1962-07-31 Technicon Instr Automatic analysis with fluid segmentation
US3081158A (en) * 1959-12-28 1963-03-12 Technicon Instr Liquid treatment apparatus
US3320148A (en) * 1961-03-13 1967-05-16 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for electrophoretic density gradient separation and analysis
US3231090A (en) * 1961-05-17 1966-01-25 Technicon Instr Continuous solvent extraction apparatus
US3333826A (en) * 1961-07-13 1967-08-01 Technicon Corp Method of forming a precipitate in a stream of liquid samples
US3186235A (en) * 1962-04-05 1965-06-01 Technicon Instr Sample supply means for analysis apparatus
US3223486A (en) * 1962-09-12 1965-12-14 Technicon Instr Apparatus for treatment of solids for analysis
DE1268868B (de) * 1963-07-30 1968-05-22 Technicon Instr Registriergeraet zum Aufzeichnen mehrerer Gruppen von Versuchsdaten
US3804593A (en) * 1964-05-25 1974-04-16 Technicon Instr Automatic analysis apparatus and method
US3512398A (en) * 1964-08-11 1970-05-19 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Method for measuring the extinction of a continuous or discontinuous flow of a liquid
US3485295A (en) * 1965-03-26 1969-12-23 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Device for the treatment of a flow of liquid sectionalized by fluidal bubbles
US3422667A (en) * 1965-05-05 1969-01-21 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved Method of evaluating the concentration gradients in liquids
US3479141A (en) * 1967-05-17 1969-11-18 Technicon Corp Method and apparatus for analysis
US3668936A (en) * 1970-12-15 1972-06-13 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for sampling
US4014652A (en) * 1974-09-27 1977-03-29 Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha Automatic analytic apparatus of liquids
US4491011A (en) * 1982-06-11 1985-01-01 Brigham Young University Dialyzing injection system for instrumental detection
US4818706A (en) * 1983-04-19 1989-04-04 American Monitor Corporation Reagent-dispensing system and method
US5504010A (en) * 1989-05-01 1996-04-02 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Method for transferring sample
US5506142A (en) * 1991-12-13 1996-04-09 Dade International Inc. Probe wash for liquid analysis apparatus

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CH393788A (de) 1965-06-15
FR1191591A (fr) 1959-10-20
BE568202A (de)
GB855555A (en) 1960-12-07

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